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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVRV
Meaning : be angry
Sino-Caucasian : ? PEC *jVḳVr- 'to hurt, feel pain'; ? ST *khʷrā ( ~ ghʷ-) 'boast'
African (misc.) : Cf. Bantu *-kád- 'fierce'.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-afr,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *kwVrV (~ gw)
Meaning: be angry
Altaic: ? PT *Kor-k 'be afraid', Kalm. xor- 'to be afraid, shy' (see PA *k`oru)
References: ND 928 *kor(V)hV 'be angry/embittered'; 930 *kuRhV 'to shout, cry' (hardly distinguishable). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *gʷerǝ-, *gʷrā-
Meaning: to praise
Tokharian: A krant-, kränt-, B krent-, kartse 'good, beautiful' (Adams 145 f)
Old Indian: gr̥ṇā́ti, járate `to call out, invoke, praise', saṃ-girate `to acknowledge, praise', ptc. gūrtá-; gī́r f., gen. gíraḥ `invocation, praise'; gūrtí- f. `approval, praise'; jū́rṇi- `invoking', jarā́ f. `invocation, praise', jaritár- m. `invoker, praiser'
Avestan: aibi-gǝrǝnte `preisen, lobend einstimmen', gen. garo f. `Lob, Preis; Loblied', garah- n. `Lob, Preislied', aibi-ǰarotay- `Preisgang', aibi-ǰarǝtar- `Lobpreiser'
Latin: grātēs pl. `Dank', grātia f. `Beliebtheit, Gunst; Dank, Erkenntlichkeit; Anmut, Lieblichkeit'; grātus, -a `gefällig, anmutig; dankbar', grātuītus, -a `unentgeltlich, umsonst'
Other Italic: Osk brateis `grātiae', bratōm `mūnus'; Paelign, Vestin bratom `mūnus'
Russ. meaning: хвалить, восхвалять
Comments: Cf. *gara- / *gere- 1676: if not for the Osk. form the roots are indistinguishable.
piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: же́ртва,
Near etymology: ввиду наличия е (вместо ё) заимств. из цслав.; ср. ст.-слав. жрьтва θυσία, σπονδή (Супр., Клоц.), от жьрѫ "творю жертву", жьрьць "жрец, священник". Родственно лит. giriù, gìrti "хвалить", gẽras "хороший", др.-прусск. girtwei "хвалить", др.-инд. gr̥ṇā́ti "воспевает, превозносит, восхваляет", gī́r ж. "хвала, награда", авест. āɣairyāt̃ "превозносится", gar ж. "хвала. награда, хвалебная песнь", лат. grātus "желанный, приятный, благодарный"; см. Фик, GGA, 1881, стр. 1425; Траутман, BSW 88 и сл.; Френкель, ZfslPh 20, 319 и сл.; Вальде -- Гофм. 1, 619 и сл. См. жрец.
Pages: 2,50
vasmer-general,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *gir̂- (1) vb. tr., *ger-a- adj., *gē̃r-ia= c.
Meaning: commend, praise
Lithuanian: gìrti (gìria, gī́rē) `loben, rühmen', gẽra- 'gut, tüchtig, angenehm, trefflich, freundlich', gẽrinti '(ver)bessern'; gē̃ri-s '(Wohl)fahrt, Glück, Heil'
Lettish: dzir̃t (dzir̨u, dzĩru) `rühmend nennen, rühmen (echt?)', dzir̃tiês 'sich brüsten, prahlen; sich etwas vornehmen, einen Vorsatz haben, wollen'
Old Prussian: girtwei, 1 pl. prs. girrimai 'loben', pogirrien, pogirsnan, pogirschnan 'Lob'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 721
Root: gʷer(ǝ)-4
English meaning: to raise the voice; praise
German meaning: `die Stimme erheben', bes. `loben, preisen, willkommen heißen', aber auch `schelten; jammern'
Derivatives: gʷr̥̄-to-s `willkommen'
Material: Ai. gr̥ṇā́ti, gr̥ṇītḗ `singt, lobt, preist, kündigt an' (Fut. gariṣyati, Abs. abhigū́rya), sam-giratē `gelobt, verspricht', gurátē `begrüßt', gī́r f., Gen. giráḥ `Lob, Lied', av.gar-, aibi-gǝrǝnte `preisen, lobend einstimmen', garo Gen. f. `Lob, Preis; Loblied' (=ai. giráḥ), garah- n. `Lob, Preislied', aibi-jarǝtay- `Preisgesang', aibi-jarǝtar- `Lobpreiser' = ai. jaritár- `Anrufer, Sänger, Preiser', av. *ā-gra- `zustimmend' in āgrǝmati- `zustimmenden Sinnes'; ai. gūrtí-ḥ f. `Lob' = lat. grātēs Pl. f. `Dank' (dazu grātia `Annehmlichkeit, Wohlgefälligkeit, Gnade, Dank'), ai. gūrtá-ḥ `willkommen' = lat. grātus `gefällig, dankenswert, dankbar'; osk. brateis `gratiae', βρατωμ `mūnus', pälign. bratom; hierher gall.-lat. bardus `Barde', air. bard, cymr. bardd ds. (*gʷr̥̄-d(h)o-s);
alb. gërshás, grish `zur Hochzeit einladen';
lit. giriù, gìrti `loben, rühmen', lett. dzir̃tiês `sich rühmen', apr. girtwei `loben', pogirrien Akk. Sg. `Lob', auch lit. gẽras `gut' und aksl. granъ (*gornos) `Formel, Vers' (u dgl., siehe Berneker 332).
Mit b- erweitert: lit. ger̃bti `ehren', garbė̃ `Ehre', apr. gerbt, gērbt `sprechen', gīrbin `Zahl'; anord. karp `Prahlerei' beweist nicht für ursprüngliches g in dieser b-Erw. gʷer-b-, da es aus dem gleichbed. garp durch Kreuzung mit Schallworten mit germ. k- im Anlaut umgebildet seinwird.
Mit dh-Erweiterung vielleicht hierher (s. oben gall. bardus) arm. kardam `erhebe die Stimme', lit. ger̃das `Geschrei, Botschaft', iš-gir̃sti `zu hören bekommen', girdė́ti `hören', gar̃sas `Schall', apr. gerdaut `sagen', lett. dzìrdêt `hören', Mühlenbach-Endzelin I 552 mit Lit.
Mit in malam partem gewendeter Bedeutung:
gr. δειρια̃ν λοιδορει̃σθαι. Λάκωνες; δειρει̃οι λοίδοροι. οἱ αὐτοί; δερίαι λοιδορίαι Hes. (d. i. wohl δηρ- aus *gʷer-s-);
ahd. queran `seufzen'.
Gegenüber den ähnlichen Schallwurzeln ger-, ĝā̆r- ist nicht überall eine sichere Scheidung möglich; doch ist für die hier unter gʷer- vereinigten Worte der Begriff der gehobenen Äußerung unverkennbar, bis auf die darum nicht sicher anzugliedernde dh-Erweiterung.
References: WP. I 686 f., WH. I 583, 619 f., Trautmann 88 f.
Pages: 478
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 432
Proto: *kurV
English meaning: anger; to be angry
German meaning: Zorn; zürnen
Mordovian: kor (E M) 'Verdruß, Gram, Ärger'
Khanty (Ostyak): korǝm- (Vj.) 'nicht essen, weil man schmollt (vom Kind)', kăram-, χurǝm- (D) 'sich erzürnen, sich ärgern', χorǝm- (O) 'in seinem Ärger schmollen'
Mansi (Vogul): χor- (KU), kor- (P) 'zanken', khårj-, khōrj- (LM) 'zürnen, grimmig werden'
Hungarian: harag 'Zorn, Ärger; (altung.) zornig', haragsz-, haragud-, haragv- 'zürnen, grollen, zornig sein'
Sammalahti's version: Os Vg: > *kira 'to swear'?
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-mrd,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-samm2,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *kor_- (*-d_-)
Meaning : anger, angrily
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *Kor_-
Meaning : to bubble with anger
Tamil : kor_ukor_u (-pp-, -tt-)
Tamil meaning : to bubble with anger
Tamil derivates : kor_u-kor_uv-en_al onom. expr. signifying anger
Number in DED : 2166
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *kor_-
Meaning : angrily; anger, angry look
Telugu : kor_akor_a
Telugu (Krishnamurti) : kor_alu "to grow angry"
Additional forms : Also kor_akor_al-āḍu to be angry, have an angry look
Number in DED : 2166
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_kr,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *kʷar-
Meaning: be disgusted, angry
Notes: Also Sem. *nVkar- 'ignore, disapprove'
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-wch,afaset-agw,afaset-sho,afaset-dhl,afaset-omo,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1705
Proto-Semitic: *kVrVh-
Meaning: 'be unhappy, be disgusted' 1, 'hate' 2
Arabic: krh
Mehri: kerōh
Harsusi: kerōh
Notes: Based on biconsonantal *kVr-?
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,semet-mhr,semet-hss,semet-notes,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *kwar-
Meaning: 'hate' 1, 'dislike' 2, 'disgust' 3
Mupun: kwár 1, 2 [FrM]
Sura: kwar 1, 3 [JgS]
Ngizim: kùrú 2 [ShN] (vowel assim.)
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-gwn,wchet-sur,wchet-ngz,
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Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :
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Proto-Agaw: *kʷar-
Meaning: 'be angry'
Khamir: kʷar-
Qwara: kʷar-
Dembea: kʷar-
Awiya (Aungi): kʷal-
agwet-prnum,agwet-meaning,agwet-xmr,agwet-kwr,agwet-dmb,agwet-aun,
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Saho-Afar etymology :
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Proto-Saho-Afar: *kur-
Meaning: 'anger, wrath'
Saho: kuraa
shoet-prnum,shoet-meaning,shoet-saho,
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Dahalo etymology :
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Dahalo: kor-
Meaning: 'be in trouble'
dhlet-prnum,dhlet-meaning,
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Omotic etymology :
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Proto-Omotic: *kar-
Meaning: 'be angry'
Kafa (Kaficho): kaar
Notes: The source of *-a- is not clear
omoet-prnum,omoet-meaning,omoet-kaf,omoet-notes,
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