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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVTV
Meaning : hair, feather
Austric : PAN *d'[ae](m)but 'hairy' (may be < ST, see Peiros 1998, 221)
Amerind (misc.) : *pat 'feather' (under *ṗaƛ R 247); *puta 'head' (R 366) Notes : Here also Ainu *etopi 'hair'?
Reference : GE 109 *ṗuƛi (with completely wrong Nostr. data). globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-notes,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *pUdV
Meaning: hair
Kartvelian: Svan. pätw 'hair'
Dravidian: PGK *put-g- 'feather'
References: ND 1825 *p[u]tV ~ *p[u]ṭV 'feather, hair' (but IE *pet- hardly here). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *bi̯udu
Meaning: down, feather, curly
Russian meaning: пух, перо, курчавый
Comments: KW 58, Владимирцов 174, Poppe 21, 53, Лексика 224. Despite Лексика 223, Turk. *budra 'curls' (ЭСТЯ 2, 245) very probably represents the same root as *bɨdɨk 'moustache' and also belongs here. Jpn. *pí- should be regarded as an early contraction < *bi̯uj- < *bi̯udu. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *bɨdɨk (*bɨdńɨk)
Meaning: moustache
Russian meaning: усы
Karakhanid: bɨδɨq (MK), bɨjɨq (IM) Turkish: bɨjɨk
Tatar: mɨjɨq
Middle Turkic: bɨɣ, mɨɣ (Sangl.) Uzbek: mɨjɨq (dial.)
Azerbaidzhan: bɨɣ
Turkmen: mɨjq (dial.)
Oyrat: mɨjɨq
Chuvash: mъjъx
Yakut: bɨtɨk
Dolgan: bɨtɨk
Kirghiz: mɨjɨq
Noghai: mɨjɨq
Bashkir: mɨjɨq
Balkar: mɨjɨq
Gagauz: bɨjɨq
Karaim: mɨjɨx
Karakalpak: mɨjɨq
Kumyk: mɨjɨq
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-krg,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *buǯi- / *boǯi-
Meaning: 1 curly, fleecy 2 down (of bird) 3 be curly
Russian meaning: 1 кудрявый, пушистый 2 пух 3 быть курчавым
Written Mongolian: buǯigir 1 (L 143), boǯuɣu 2 (L 123), buǯiji- 3 (L 143) Khalkha: bužgir 1, boʒgo 2
Kalmuck: buǯǝɣǝr 1, buǯī- 3
Ordos: buǯī- 3
Comments: KW 57-58. Mong. > Yak. buǯur-, Evk. buǯir etc., see Doerfer MT 78. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *bodu-ruka
Meaning: curly, fleecy
Russian meaning: кудрявый, курчавый
Even: bodụrụqa
Comments: ТМС 1, 103. Attested only in Evn., but having quite probable external parallels. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evn,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *pí-n-kai
Meaning: beard
Russian meaning: борода
Old Japanese: pjige
Middle Japanese: fígé
Tokyo: hìge
Kyoto: hígé
Kagoshima: híge
Comments: JLTT 406. Historically a compound with *kái 'hair'. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 23
Proto: *apte
English meaning: hair
German meaning: Haar
Finnish: hapsi (gen. hapsen) 'Haar' (?), hahta, hahtu 'feines Haar' ( < Germ. *hazd-?)
Saam (Lapp): vuok'tâ -vt- 'hair of the head' (N), vuob'ta ~ vuokta ~ vuopta (L), vī̊pt (T), vūpt (Kld.), vuopt (Not.), vuohpt (A)
Mari (Cheremis): üp 'Haar' (KB U B)
Khanty (Ostyak): awǝt (V), upǝt (DN), opǝt (O) 'Haupthaar'
Mansi (Vogul): ɛ̮̄t (TJ), āt (So.) 'Haarflechte (TJ), Haar (So.)', ē̮t 'Haar' (KM P)
Nenets (Yurak): ŋäept 'Kopfhaar' (O)
Enets (Yen): itoʔ (Ch.), itto (K)
Nganasan (Tawgi): ŋabta, ŋâbta 'Haar'
Selkup: ȯptǝ (Ta.), opttɔ (Ke.) 'Pferdehaar', opti (Tur.) 'Kopfhaar', opt (Ty.) 'Haar'
Kamass: e̮pti 'menschliches Haar, Menschenhaar'
Janhunen's version: (69) *i6pti6
Sammalahti's version: *i6pti6
Addenda: Koib. abde 'Haar'; Mot. ipti; Karag. obti-da; Taig. öbde-tä
References: FUV; Donn.VglWb. 798-9; SKES; Stein.FgrVok. 58; Collinder CompGr. 88, 155, 191, 377
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-saa,uralet-mar,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-janh,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,uralet-lit,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *pɨ̆dwV / *bɨ̆twV
Meaning: hair, feather
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *pɨ̆dwV / *bɨ̆twV
Meaning: feather, down
Notes: The root reveals some secondary shifts of laryngeal features (usual for roots with two stops); some reflexes (PL *put, Khin. pɨt, Abkh. á-pčʷa) go back to a variant with both stops unvoiced (*pɨ̆twV).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-cez,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *patVr
Meaning: down 1 goat's down
Chechen: patar
Ingush: petar
Comments: 3d class in Chech., 4th class in Ing. -r is originally a suffix (plural).
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *pɨdʷV
Meaning: feather
Bezhta: pudo
Gunzib: pode
Comments: PGB *podV/*pudV (vowel vacillation possibly reflects the earlier labialisation).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *put:/*put
Meaning: 1 horse's main 2 plait, tress
Lezghian: put 2 (Akht.)
Agul: put 1
Comment: Cf. also Ag. Burk. pud 'horse's mane';the voiceless -t in Lezg. and Ag. (Rich., Tp.) is due to late assimilation.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-agu,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: pɨt
North Caucasian etymology: 245
Meaning: hair
Khinalug form: pɨt
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *bǝtʷa
Meaning: sheep's spring-time hair
Abkhaz: á-btʷa
Abaza: bčʷa
Comments: PAT *bǝtʷa (in Abkh. there exists also a secondary variant á-ptʷa).
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Pŏt (~ -uat)
Meaning: hair
Tibetan: phud hair-knot, tuft of hair.
Burmese: phwat-mrih plait.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 髮
Modern (Beijing) reading: fá
Preclassic Old Chinese: pat
Classic Old Chinese: pat
Western Han Chinese: pat
Eastern Han Chinese: pwat
Early Postclassic Chinese: pwat
Middle Postclassic Chinese: pwǝt
Late Postclassic Chinese: pwǝt
Middle Chinese: pwǝt
English meaning : hair
Russian meaning[s]: 1) волосы, шевелюра; волос; волосок; нитевидный; 2) растительность, трава; мох, лишай; 3) Фа (фамилия)
Radical: 190
Four-angle index: 5915
Karlgren code: 0276 i
Shijing occurrences: 47.2
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 2126
Character: 髮
MC description : 山合三入月非
ZIHUI: 7569 0029
Beijing: fa 2
Jinan: fa 2
Xi'an: fa 11
Taiyuan: faʔ 41
Hankou: fa 12
Chengdu: fa 11; fa 12
Yangzhou: faʔ 4
Suzhou: faʔ 41
Wenzhou: xo 41
Changsha: fa 4
Shuangfeng: xua 12
Nanchang: фuat 41
Meixian: fat 41
Guangzhou: fāt 43
Xiamen: huat 41
Chaozhou: huek 41
Fuzhou: xuaʔ 41
Shanghai: faʔ 4
Zhongyuan yinyun: fa 42
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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