Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : TVMV

Meaning : full, fill

Eurasiatic : *ṭVmV

Afroasiatic : *tVm- (derived is *ṭu(m)f- full, fill up?)

Sino-Caucasian : ST *dh[ǝ̆]mH 'full, fill', *thǝ̄mH 'many, numerous'

Austric : *tVm full (+ *tUm all, numerous)

Amerind (misc.) : *tumpa 'fill up' (R 251)

African (misc.) : Bantu *-tùmb- 'swell'.

Reference : ND 2277. GE 17 *tumpa (+ NS).

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṭVmV

Meaning: to fill, stuff

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *t`ámu

Uralic: *temV

Dravidian: *tumb- 'full, fill'

Eskimo-Aleut: *tama[ŋ]-

References: ND 2277 (? + Georg. -tamam- 'kühn sein; gut gedeihen').

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *t`ámu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to put into, gather

Russian meaning: класть, собирать

Mongolian: *tama- / *tem-

Tungus-Manchu: *tama-

Korean: *tām-

Japanese: *túm-

Comments: EAS 116, SKE 254, Lee 1958, 118, АПиПЯЯ 70, Martin 233. Rozycki 201 considers TM < Mong., which is not excluded.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *tama- / *tem-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to gather, collect

Russian meaning: собирать

Written Mongolian: tama- (L 774)

Middle Mongolian: temgu- (SH)

Khalkha: tama- 'стягивать цепь облавы, собирать разбросанное; прочесывать' (БАМРС)

Monguor: tuŋgu- 'ramasser, recueillir' (SM 432)

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tama-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to gather, collect

Russian meaning: собирать, подбирать

Literary Manchu: tama-

Nanai: tama-

Comments: ТМС 2, 148.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *tām-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to put (into a dish, etc.)

Russian meaning: класть, накладывать

Modern Korean: tām-

Middle Korean: tām-

Comments: Nam 142, KED 409.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *túm-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to put into, onto

Russian meaning: вкладывать, накладывать

Old Japanese: tum-

Middle Japanese: túm-

Tokyo: tsùm-

Kyoto: tsúm-

Kagoshima: tsúm-

Comments: JLTT 774.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1060

Proto: *temV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: full; to fill, stuff

German meaning: voll; stopfen, füllen

Mari (Cheremis): temǝ (KB), teme (B) 'voll', teme- (KB U B) 'füllen, sättigen', temä- (KB), tema- (U B) 'voll werden, satt werden, sich füllen; zunehmen'

Hungarian: töm-, (veralt.) tëm- 'stopfen; (veralt., dial.) beerdigen', temet- 'beerdigen, begraben, bestatten'

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *tumb- (?)

Meaning : crowd

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *tumb-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *tumb-

Meaning : crowd; abundant, full

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : tumpai

Tamil meaning : assembly, crowd

Kannada : tumbu

Kannada meaning : to become full, filled up, complete, abound, be amassed, become plump and strong; n. becoming full

Kannada derivates : tumbisu to fill; tumbike repletion; tombe multitude, assemblage, host, cluster, etc.; tombāra mass, heap (of grain); timbu to fill (intr., tr.)

Kodagu : dumb- (dumbi-)

Kodagu meaning : to become full

Kodagu derivates : (Shanmugam) dumba much

Tulu : tumbuni

Tulu meaning : to be filled

Tulu derivates : tumbāvuni to cause to fill; tumukuni, timukuni, timuruni, (B-K also) dimuku to throng, crowd; tombara abundant, much

Proto-Nilgiri : *tub-

Miscellaneous : IRU thumba much

Notes : KOR (M) tumḍi to fill

Number in DED : 3331

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *tub-

Meaning : to be filled full

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : tub- (tuby-)

Additional forms : Also Kota tubc- (tubc-) to fill (tr.); tumn full

Number in DED : 3331

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *tama[ŋ]-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: all, whole

Russian meaning: весь, все, целый

Proto-Yupik: *tama[ŋ]-

Proto-Inupik: *tama-Г-

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 328, 329

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *tama[ŋ]-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: all, whole, every

Russian Meaning: весь, все, всякий, каждый

Sirenik: tamǝ́ŋǝni loc.

Chaplino: tamāχan (tamáŋani loc.)

Naukan: tamáχaq 'every' (tamáni loc.)

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: tamaʁ- (tamīni loc.)

Chugach (Birket-Smith): tamaʁǝ̆mäk 'both of them', tamamta 'all of us'

Central Alaskan Yupik: tamaʁ- (tamat pl. 'all kinds', tamīni loc.), tamaɫkuʁ-

Nunivak (Peripheral): tamoɣmik* 1du. 'all of us'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 328, 329

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *tạmą-Г-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: all, both, whole

Russian meaning: весь, все, всякий, каждый

Seward Peninsula Inupik: tamaq-

SPI Dialects: W tamät*pl. 'all kinds of things'

North Alaskan Inupik: tamaq-

NAI Dialects: B tamąpta* 1pl.

Western Canadian Inupik: tamaq-

WCI Dialects: Cor, M tamąpta* 1pl.

Eastern Canadian Inupik: tama(q)-

Greenlandic Inupik: tama(ʁ)- (tamaɣinni, tamā̆ni loc.), tamalāt pl. 'all sorts', tamavta* 1pl. [Jen.]

GRI Dialects: Jen. gives the form 'all of us'.

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 328, 329

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *tVm-

Meaning: all, whole

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *tmm '(to be) completed'

Egyptian: tm (pyr) 'all'

Central Chadic: *tyam- 'all'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 1083

Proto-Semitic: *tmm

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: (to be) completed

Ugaritic: tm 'completo'

Phoenician: tm 'finished, completed'

Hebrew: tmm 'to be completed, finished'

Syrian Aramaic: pa. tammem 'to make complete'

Mandaic Aramaic: tmm 'to be, become, remain, stay'

Arabic: tmm 'to be complete, accomplished'

Notes: HAL 1752

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: tm (pyr)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'all'

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *tyam-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'all'

Daba: tem

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *tVm

Meaning: full

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *tVm

Austroasiatic meaning: full

Proto-Thai: tem.A full, filled up

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *tVm

Meaning: full

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: tem.A full, filled up

Khmer: the:m

Proto-Khmu: ThK tem.L

Khasi: tam more, in excess

References: Kh 761, S-158

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: the:m

Meaning: to add to, increase

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Comments: JP derive the word from *he:m to swell

References: JP408

Viet-Muong etymology :

Proto-Viet-Muong:

Meaning: fill

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Vietnamese: d_o'm

Vietnamese meaning: to fill (bowl with rice) neatly (PH); thâ?m full, complete (not in PH)

Thavung-So: tɨ:m.3

Thavung-So meaning: to give an extra amount; kathɔm.1 fill in a hole

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