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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : TVLV
Meaning : flat, plain
Afroasiatic : *ṭVlħ- 'flat, plain' (Sem., Omot.)
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṭalV
Meaning: level ground
Kartvelian: Georg. ṭala 'layer'; ? ṭol-, Megr. ṭol- 'equal'
References: МССНЯ 355; ND 2360 *ṭal̄ħV 'flat'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *tal- (/-e-)
Meaning: earth, ground
Old Indian: talima- n. `ground prepared for the site of a dwelling'
Armenian: thaɫ Gegend, Distrikt thaɫar irden, irdener Gefäss;
Latin: tellūs, gen. -ūris f. `Erde'
Celtic: OIr talam, gen. talman `Erde'
Russ. meaning: земля
References: WP I 740
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-arm,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: тло
Near etymology: "основание, дно": до тла, укр. тло, др.-русск. тьло, тьля ж. -- то же, сербохорв. тле̏ мн., род. п. мн. ч. та́лā "почва, земля", словен. tlà, род. п. мн. ч. tál, чеш. tlа ж. "потолок", польск., в.-луж., н.-луж. tɫо.
Further etymology: Праслав. *tьlo родственно лит. tìlės ж. р. мн. ч. "дощатый настил на дне лодки", др.-прусск. talus "пол", лит. рãtаlаs "доска, половица", лтш. tals, tale "белильня (льна)", др.-инд. tаlаm ср. р. "плоскость, равнина", греч. τηλίᾱ "игральная доска", лат. tellūs, род. п. -ūris ж. "земля", др.-исл. þеl ср. р. "почва, основание", д.-в.-н. dilla, dili "половица", др.-ирл. tаlаm "земля"; см. Педерсен, Kelt. Gr. I, 132, 380; KZ 39, 373 и сл.; Траутман, ВSW 321; Арr. Sprd. 445; М. -- Э. 4, 127, 189; Мейе -- Вайан 78; Мейе -- Эрну 1199; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 110; Вальде--Гофм. 2, 655 и сл.; Зубатый, AfslPh 16, 417; Торп 183 и сл. Далее сюда же относится лит. tìltas "мост", лтш. til̃ts, ср. также стелю́, стлать.
Pages: 4,65
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *tal-u- c.
Meaning: floor, underground
Old Lithuanian: Patulas 'Gott des unterirdischen Reiches'
Old Prussian: talus `Fussboden des Zimmers' V. 207; Patollus od. Potollos 'Gott des unterirdischen Reiches'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-olith,baltet-oprus,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *t`ā̀lV ( ~ -ĺ-)
Meaning: open place, open sea
Russian meaning: открытое место, открытое море
Comments: A Mong.-Tung. isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *tala, *tal-b-
Meaning: 1 steppe, open place 2 quiet, peaceful
Russian meaning: 1 степь, открытое место 2 мирный, спокойный
Written Mongolian: tala 1 (L 771), talbiɣun 2 (L 773) Middle Mongolian: tala 'face' (SH) Khalkha: tal 1, talbiu(n) 2, talbaj 'square'
Buriat: tala 1, taĺān 'meadow; small lake', talmaj 'meadow, square'
Kalmuck: talǝ
Ordos: tala
Shary-Yoghur: tala
Monguor: talā
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tālgi-
Meaning: 1 far from the shore, open sea 2 bay 3 quiet sea surface 4 to become quiet (of wind, weather)
Russian meaning: 1 далеко от берега, в открытом море 2 залив 3 гладкая поверхность моря 4 стихать (о ветре)
Evenki: tālgu- 4
Even: talargъ̣n- 4, talgịn 2, 3
Literary Manchu: talGan 3
Ulcha: talǯị 1
Orok: talda 1
Nanai: talgịa 1, talGa 2, talị-talị 3
Oroch: tagga-la, tagga-si 1
Udighe: tagä 1
Comments: ТМС 2, 150, 157. Nan. has probably a secondary vowel shortening; but cf. also *tala 'well', with a possibility of contaminations. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=iƛ̣ǝ̆lV́
Meaning: thin
Comments and references : WFR 116, DCE 30, BCD 21.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=iƛ̣ɨ̆lV
Meaning: thin
Notes: A common NC root with regular correspondences. Class prefixation is retained in Andian languages and Darg.; labialisation in PWC is probably also a vestige of class prefixation (*ƛ̣́ʷa < *w-iƛ̣ilV with vocalic assimilation). However, a prefixless variant *ƛ̣ɨ̆lV (reflected in Av., Lak. and PL) may also have existed already in PNC or PEC. The Lak. form has a pharyngealized vowel, which may reflect some lost laryngeal; but since other languages do not reflect it (see above about the secondary nature of pharyngealization in Tsakh.), it is probably new (expressive).
See Абдоков 1983, 141.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *=iƛ̣ora
Meaning: thin
Avar: ṭeréna-b
Chadakolob: ṭeréna-b
Andian language: =elora
Akhvakh: =aƛ̣ara-da
Chamalal: =ela-b
Tindi: =erala-b
Karata: =eƛ̣ara-b
Botlikh: =eʔera
Bagvalal: =ela-b
Godoberi: =elera-
Comments: Cf. also Akhv. Tseg., Tl. =aṭara-b, Cham. Gig. =ellara-b, Kar. Rach., Anch. =elʔara-b, Chab. =eṭara-b, Tok. =ilʔara-b.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: ḳuIla-
Meaning: thin
Lak form: ḳuIla-
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *=uḳul-
Meaning: thin
Akusha: b-uḳula
Chiragh: uḳuli-ze
Comments: Cf. also Ur. uḳu-.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ̣ɨlä-
Meaning: thin
Lezghian: q̇eleč̣
Tabasaran: č̣illi
Agul: ḳille-f
Rutul: q̇ɨldɨ
Tsakhur: ḳɨIwaIn
Kryz: q̇ɨl
Archi: ḳalat:ut
Comment: Pharyngealization in Tsakh. is secondary (cf. Gelm. q̇ɨwa-n without it), possibly expressive. Cf. Лексика 1971, 227; Гигинейшвили 1977, 103; Талибов 1980, 310.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: ḳɨr
North Caucasian etymology: 121
Meaning: thin
Khinalug form: ḳɨr
Comments: Not quite clear is the interrelationship of Khin. ḳɨr 'thin' and loḳ 'thin, narrow' (perhaps one of them is a loanword?).
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,khinet-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *ƛ̣́ʷa
Meaning: thin
Abkhaz: a-ṗá
Abaza: c̣a
Adyghe: ṗʷāč̣́a
Kabardian: ṗās.́a
Ubykh: ṗc̣a
Comments: PAT *č̣ʷa (cf. also Abaz. Ashkh. f̣a). PAK *ṗʡʷa-č̣́á. Only the second part of the PAK word corresponds to PAT *č̣ʷa and Ub. ṗc̣a (this peculiar correspondence - note that this is the only word with it, and likewise the only word in PAT with *č̣ʷ and in Abaz. with f̣!- points unambiguously to the PWC lateral *ƛ̣́ʷ). The first component is not quite clear (perhaps it's PAK *ṗʡʷa 'place' - 'having thin places'?). PAK *-č̣́a is contained also in *psǝ-n-č̣́á 'light', *za-n-č̣́á 'straight' (originally *'light and thin', 'straight and thin').
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ral
Meaning: thin, watery
Burmese: krajh thin, not thick (of fluid).
Lushai: rīl watery, thin.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-lush,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 醨
Modern (Beijing) reading: lí
Preclassic Old Chinese: r(h)aj
Classic Old Chinese: r(h)aj
Western Han Chinese: r(h)aj
Eastern Han Chinese: r(h)e
Early Postclassic Chinese: l(h)e
Middle Postclassic Chinese: l(h)e
Late Postclassic Chinese: l(h)e
Middle Chinese: le
English meaning : thin wine [L.Zhou]
Radical: 0
Four-angle index: 0
Karlgren code: 0023 e
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *tharé-
Meaning: narrow
Hunza: tharénum
Nagar: tharénum
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *lirai-n / *lerde-n
Meaning: slender, svelte, lithe
Bizkaian: lirain
Gipuzkoan: lirain
High Navarrese: lerden
Low Navarrese: lerden
Lapurdian: lirain
Zuberoan: lérdẽn
Comments: The extent of *lerde-n is uncertain: Azkue cites it as (c) (= common Bsq). The two variants seem to be the results of metathesis: *lirai-n < *ƛ̣ǝ̆lV́-, *lerde-n < *lǝ̆ƛ̣V́-, or the like. Larrasquet emphasizes that the ZBR word means 'standing upright' ('personne qui se tient droit').
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-comments,
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