Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : TVMV

Meaning : build, house

Eurasiatic : *dwVmV

Sino-Caucasian : (PST *dɨaŋ 'household')

Austric : PAA *dʔo:ŋ 'house' (but also *tVm 'house, room'), PAN *uduŋ 'field hut', *pa(n)duŋ 'floor, building'

Notes : PST may be < Austric.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *dwVmV

Meaning: build, house

Indo-European: *dem-

Altaic: *t`āma

Kartvelian: ? Georg. tem- 'Gemeinde, Stammverband, Gebiet, Bezirk'

References: ND 2281 *tam(')[u] 'earthen wall, house' (+ Berb.).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *dema-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to build

Tokharian: ? A, B tsäm- 'grow; cause to grow, promote' (Adams 735)

Old Greek: démō, aor. dẹ̄̂mai̯, pf. med. dédmǟmai̯, va. neó-dmǟto- `bauen'; démas n. `Körperbau, Gestall', domǟ́ `id.', dōmáō (~ -é-);

Germanic: *tim-r-a- n.; *tim-r-ia- vb.

Russ. meaning: строить

References: WP I 786 f

Comments: Probably same root as *dom- 'house'.

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *timra-n; *timrian- vb.

Meaning: build, building

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *timrjan `build (up), strengthen, benefit, edify'; ga-timrjō f. (n) `building'

Old Norse: timbr n. `Bauholz; Gebäude'; timbra wk. `zimmern'

Norwegian: timber; timbra vb.

Swedish: timmer `Bauholz'; timra vb.

Danish: tömmer; tömre vb.

Old English: timber `Bauholz, Gebäude'

Old Frisian: timber `gebouw'

Old Saxon: timbar `Bauholz, Gebäude'

Middle Dutch: timber, timmer `het bouwen, bouwmateriaal, gebouw'

Dutch: timmeren; dial. timmer `Bauwerk, Zimmerwerk'

Middle Low German: timber

Old High German: zimbar (8.Jh.)

Middle High German: zimber, zimmer, zimer st. n., m. `Bauholz, Holzbau, Wohnung, Wohnraum'

German: Zimmer n.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *t`āma

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: wall, roof

Russian meaning: стена, крыша

Turkic: *Tām

Mongolian: *tama

Tungus-Manchu: *tamV-

Korean: *tám

Japanese: *tàmùruá

Comments: EAS 116, KW 377. Mong. (Kalm.) tam may be < Turkic. Although semantically quite plausible, phonetically there are difficulties: PT has a secondary voicing and Kor.-Jpn. have irregular tone (not corresponding to PT length). See VEWT 459.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *Tām

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 roof 2 wall 3 hut

Russian meaning: 1 крыша 2 стена 3 хибара

Old Turkic: tam 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tam 2 (MK), 1 (IM)

Turkish: dam 1, 3

Tatar: tam 2 (КСТТ)

Middle Turkic: tam 1 (Abush.), 2 (Sangl.)

Uzbek: tɔm 1, 3

Uighur: tam 2

Sary-Yughur: tam 2

Azerbaidzhan: dam 1, 3

Turkmen: tām 2, 3

Khakassian: tam 'layer (of earth)'

Halaj: dā̊m 1 ( < Ogh.)

Kirghiz: tam 2, 3

Kazakh: tam 'dug-out, grave'

Noghai: tam 2

Gagauz: dam 'shed, barn'

Karakalpak: tam 'hut'

Salar: tam 2

Kumyk: tam 2

Comments: VEWT 459 (the root has an irregular *t-/*d- variation), Лексика 529. TMN 2, N^o 834. Turk. > Bao. dem 'wall'.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *tama

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wall

Russian meaning: стена

Written Mongolian: tama

Kalmuck: tamǝ

Comments: KW 377.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tamV-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: shed, cover (for a hut)

Russian meaning: навес, покрышка для чума

Even: tamana

Nanai: tamịxị

Comments: See ТМС 2, 159.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *tám

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wall

Russian meaning: стена

Modern Korean: tam

Middle Korean: tám

Comments: Liu 200, HMCH 230, KED 408.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *tàmùruá

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: plot; camp

Russian meaning: участок; лагерь

Old Japanese: tamura

Middle Japanese: tàmùró

Tokyo: tamuró, támuro

Kyoto: támùrò

Kagoshima: tamuró

Comments: JLTT 541. Dialects reflect a variation between *tàmùruá and *tàmùruà.

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *ʔdUŋ

Meaning: house

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *dʔo:ŋ

Austroasiatic meaning: house

Proto-Austronesian: *uduŋ

Austronesian meaning: field hut, temporary, shelter, shed; *pa(n)duŋ floor, platform, stage, attic, building, field hut

Austronesian code: 24:11; 17:2

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *dʔo:ŋ

Meaning: house

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Katuic: *dʔVŋ

Proto-Bahnaric: CHR to:ŋ

Khmer: OK toŋ (Shorto)

Proto-Pearic: *tɔŋ.N V?

Proto-Monic: *dʔo:ŋ

References: S-136

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *dʔVŋ

Meaning: house

Presyllable: #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: *dʔVŋ

Proto-East Katuic: *dʔuŋ /*dʔoŋ

References: P-1143; TK8.106

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic: *dʔVŋ

Meaning: house

Presyllable: #

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru Van Keu: doŋ

Bru Van Keu meaning: house

So: dâŋ.N

So meaning: house

Bru: dɔŋ.N

Bru meaning: a house

Kui: duŋ.N

Kui meaning: a house; knaj.N duń.N a mouse (living in the house)

Kuay: duŋ.N

Kuay meaning: house, family

Ngeu: duŋ.B

Ngeu meaning: house

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *dʔuŋ /*dʔoŋ

Meaning: house

Presyllable: #

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: duŋ

Pakoh meaning: a house

Taojh: doŋ.T

Taojh meaning: house (PT-180)

Lao Katu: deŋ V?

Lao Katu meaning: house, nest, shelter

Kri: doŋ

Chatong: tǝŋ R?

Kantu dialects: daŋ

Triw: duŋ

Dakkan dialects (1): duŋ

Dakkan dialects (2): duŋ

Dakkan meaning: house

Katu dialects (1): dʔɔŋ

Katu dialects (3): dʔɔŋ

Katu meaning: a house

Pearic etymology :

Proto-Pearic: *tɔŋ.N

Meaning: house

Presyllable: #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Chong: tâŋ.A

Chong meaning: house

Song: tɔŋ.A

Song meaning: house; lǝtɔŋ.A room

Kasong: toŋ.A

Kasong meaning: house

Samre: tɔŋ.A

Samre meaning: house

References: H-460: *tɔŋ

Monic etymology :

Proto-Monic: *dʔo:ŋ

Meaning: city, province

Presyllable: #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Modern Mon: dʔuŋ

Old Mon: dʔuŋ, dʔu:ŋ

Middle Mon: dʔuŋ

Nyakur: do:ŋ

Nyakur meaning: village

References: N197; S-135

Total pages generated Pages generated by this script 873445 3295014	Help
StarLing database server Powered by CGI scripts Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov