Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVWV

Meaning : mutual help

Afroasiatic : *gaw(V)y-

Sino-Caucasian : *ɣwăʔi

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *gaw(V)y-

Meaning: community group sharing a common territory

Semitic: *gaw(V)y- 'community group sharing a common territory'

Berber: *gVwVy- 'to crowd, get together'

Western Chadic: *gay- 1, *(ʔa-n)-gaway 2 'cooperative work, mutual help' 1, '(common) settlement, dwelling' 2

Central Chadic: *(n)gway- 'compound, (common) settlement, dwelling'

East Chadic: *gay- 'people' 1, 'friend' 2

Beḍauye (Beja): *gaw- 'homestead, house, family'

Low East Cushitic: *gVw-Vt- 'crowd of people'

High East Cushitic: *gVwVy- ~ *gVyVw- '(main) house'

Warazi (Dullay): *yVgw- (met. <*gVwVy-?) 'tribe'

Omotic: *giyVw- 'neighbour'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 1980

Proto-Semitic: *gaw(V)y-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'community group sharing a common territory'

Akkadian: gāʔum, gāwum 'Volk' (kan. Fw.) OB Māri [AHw 284], gāʔu 'group, gang (of workmen)' Mari; WSem lw. [CAD g 58]

Phoenician: gw 'community' [Tomb 63]

Hebrew: gōy 'people; nation; pagan peoples; persons; (of animals) swarm (of mosquitoes, birds' [Koehl new 182-3], gēw 'community' [ibid. 182]

Aramaic: ? OFF gw 'esclave féminine' [JH 48]

Judaic Aramaic: gayyūtā 'gentile status' [Ja 236] {<PB HBR gayyūt do.?}; gētā 'flock, herd' [ibid. 243]

Syrian Aramaic: gawā 'universitas, communitas; aedificia communia (monachorum)' [Brock 107]

Mandaic Aramaic: giuiata (pl. of giuta 'body, interior, inside, entrails, etc. - чушь!) 'bodies, hence congregation, company of people' [DM 89]

Arabic: ǯāwāyiⁿ- 'campement, tentes des troupes' [BK 1 360] (broken pl.; sing. not attested)

Epigraphic South Arabian: SAB gw-m, gwy 'community group' [SD 51] MIN gw (*gwy) 'groupe formant une communauté' [LM 37] QAT gw (*gwy) 'body, group' [Ricks 36]

Geʕez (Ethiopian): ge 'territory' [LGz 172]; cf. gogawa 'to be numerous, come in a large group' [LGz 185] and tagāwǝha 'to assemble, gather, accumulate' [LGz 207] with unexplained -h.

Amharic: ge 'country, town' [LGur 254]

Argobba: ge 'country, town' [LGur 254]

Harari: gē 'the city of Harar, city, side of' [LHar 66]

East Ethiopic: WOL ge, SEL gē 'country, land, village' [LGur 254]

Notes: Counter to [DRS 107] и [DK 149] (with another choice of examples and diff. interpretation) differs from SEM *gay/wVʔ- 'valley, depression, lowland': HBR gay(ʔ) 'valley' [KB 188], JUD gayyā 'glen, wady' [Ja 233]; ARB ǯaww-, pl. ǯiwāʔ- 'terrain déprimé, encaissé, fond de la vallée; champ, plaine', cf. ǯuwwat- 'creux dans la montagne' [BK 1 348]; ǯiwāʔ- (ǯwy) 'vallée, terrain encaissé', ǯawiyy- 'eau fétide; mauvais, qui ne convient pas à quelqu'un (pays, climat)' [ibid. 360]; ǯiyyat- (under ǯwy [ibid.] и ǯyʔ [ibid. 361]) 'mare d'eau stagnante et fétide qui s'amasse' MIN gwʔ 'carrière' [LM 37]

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *gVwVy-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'to crowd, get together'

Zenaga: Zenaga kugi 'all' (<ku-gi)

Figig: Timimun gaw 'to gather' [B-L 537]

Qabyle (Ayt Mangellat): gguggi (<*guyyi) 's'attrouper; se précipiter en troupe' [Dallet 281]

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *gay- 1, *(ʔa-n)-gaway 2

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'cooperative work, mutual help' 1, '(common) settlement, dwelling' 2

Hausa: gayya 1 ('cooperative work; collecting together of a number of people to assist another in some piece of work; a number of people so collected') Bargery 375

Mupun: angwa 'quarter of town' Sk Hs, 278

Dera=Kanakuru: gawì [ibid., 132]

Ngamo: gāya 1 ('aider') [Skin 82]

Gera: gǝ̀wǝ 2 ('hut') [Kraft I 73]

Warji: ŋgǝwai 2 ('part of compound') [Skin 278]

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *(n)gway- not < *g

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'compound, (common) settlement, dwelling; family'

Fali Kiria: ɣǝ̂y [Kraft II, 183] (ɣ <*g?)

Malgwa: ɣàya 'compound' Kraft III, 112 (ɣ <*g?)

Mada: gáy 'family' [BMaf] 'house ofX' ='family'

Mafa=Matakam: ŋgway 'house' Sk. Hs., 278

Logone: ʔɣo, ʔɣu 'Welt, Stadt' Sk. Hs., 278 (ʔɣ- <*g-?)

Buduma=Yedina: ŋgu 'Ort, Haus, Stelle'

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *gay-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'people' 1, 'friend' 2

Dangla: gɛ̀ɛ̀ 'les gens' [Fd 318]

Bidiya: gèe- 2 (masc.) [JBid]

Mokilko: gé 1 [CLR: 267]

Bedauye (Beja) etymology :

Bedauye: gaw

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'Gehöft, Haus, Familie' Rein Bed, 104

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *gVw-Vt-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'crowd of people'

Somali: gúuto 'crowd of people' Abr., 99

High East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-High East Cushitic: *gVwVy- ~ *gVyVw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: '(main) house'

Hadiya (Gudella): goyya 'main house' LGur., 303

Kambatta: geeyyu-ta 'hut' Huds, 82

Notes: Cf. *geeg-eess- (Burji, Gel., Had., Sid., Oromo) 'to accompany' Huds., 18 (<*gaygay-?)

Warazi etymology :

Proto-Warazi: *yVgw- (met. <*gVwVy-?)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'tribe'

Harso (Werize): iko (-k- <*-g-)

Omotic etymology :

Proto-Omotic: *giyVw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'neighbour'

Kafa (Kaficho): giyo, giwo 'Nachbar' Lamb 319

Chara: giyá, pl. giyoótsí

Sheko: giyo

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ɣwăʔi

Meaning: help

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ɣwăʔi ( ~ -e)

Sino-Tibetan: OC *wǝʔ 'help, right'

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ɣwăʔi ( ~ -e)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: team-work, help

Proto-Nakh: *ʁo

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ħaʔi

Proto-Lak: guj

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. One of the roots with the rare voiced fricative *ɣ. The Lak. form may be ultimately borrowed from Av. (with a semantic change), as are many Andian and Tsezian forms listed above; however, the PN : Av. : PA correspondence can not be explained by borrowing.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *ʁo

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: help, support

Chechen: ʁo

Ingush: ʁo

Comments: 3d class in both languages. Obl. base *ʁo-ne- (Chech. ʁöna-, Ing. ʁono).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *ħaʔi

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: team-work (followed by regalement)

Avar: gʷaj

Andian language: haj (Leksika)

Akhvakh: he (Leksika)

Tindi: haj (Leksika)

Karata: haʕe (Leksika)

Comments: Av. paradigm B ~ C (loc. gʷawú-ƛ̣:). All the Andian data are taken from Leksika 1971; the MSU recordings list only Avar loanwords with the meaning "team-work" (And. gʷaj, Akhv. gʷē, Cham. gʷaj, Tind. gʷā). The Avar word is also borrowed in Tsez., Inkh. gʷaj; a dialectal or Old Avar form *gʷah is borrowed in Arch. gʷah, Bezht., Gunz. gahi.

    Av. gʷaj : PA *ħaʔi is one of the rare cases of the g :h correspondence (going back to the hypothetic PEC *ɣ).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: guj

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: animation, merriment

Lak form: guj

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