Long-range etymologies : List with all references

Near etymology: укр. рíзка, блр. ро́ска, др.-русск. розга, русск.-цслав. разга, ст.-слав. розга (Остром., Зогр., Мар.), рождиѥ, собир. (Ассем., Савв.), также раждиѥ κλήματα (Остром., Зогр., Мар.; см. Дильс, Aksl. Gr. 93), болг. розга́, сербохорв. ро̏зга "колышек, жердь, подпорка для лозы", словен. rọ̑zga "лоза", др.-чеш. rózha, чеш. růzhа "прут, ветка", слвц. rázga, польск. rózga, н.-луж. rozga, полаб. rǘzga, rüzgó "ветка, розга, куст".

Further etymology: Праслав., вероятно, *rozga, формы на raz-, по-видимому, подверглись влиянию приставки. Родственно лит. rezgù, règzti "плести, вязать", rẽzgis "корзина, плетенка", др.-инд. rájjus "веревка, канат", лат. restis "бечевка"; сомнительна связь с англос. risce, rеsсе, rуsсе "тростник", ср.-нж.-нем. risch -- то же; см. Бецценбергер, ВВ 1, 68; Фик, ВВ 1, 172; Лиден, Anlautsg. 25; Мейе--Вайан 131; Розвадовский, Qu. Gr. 1, 426 и сл., IF Anz. 8, 138; Миккола, Berühr. 158; Шефтеловиц, IF 33, 134 и сл.; Вальде--Гофм. 2, 431. Нерешительно сравнивает Эндзелин (М.--Э. 3, 492) розга с лтш. razga, razda "старая метла", лит. rãžas "пень" (последнее см. так же Шпехт 215). Другие считают исходным *orzga (Мi. ЕW 227; Траутман, ВSW 245; Вальде 651, 841), особенно ввиду слвц. формы на rа-, однако ввиду наличия в этой форме g вместо h думают, что эта форма является заимствованием; см. еще Вондрак, Vgl. Gr. 1, 501; Aksl. Gr. 113, 369; Дильс, там же. Менее убедительно сравнение с рожо́н, рого́з, греч. ῥᾱχός, ῥᾶχος "терновник" (Соболевский, РФВ 64, 113), а также с рост, расти́, о́трасль (Миккола, Ваlt. u. Slav. 35). Неудовлетворительна реконструкция *ъrzga (Ляпунов, ИОРЯС 30, 17), которая не объясняет rа-.

Pages: 3,495

vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,

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Baltic etymology :

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Proto-Baltic: *rezg- (*rezg-a-, -ja-) vb. tr., *rezg-ti- c., *rēg-st-iā̃ f., *razg-ī̂- vb., *rizg- vb. intr.

Meaning: weave

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: règsti (rẽzga/rẽzgia, rẽzgē) `stricken, flechten, knüpfen, Gedanken spinnen, faseln, Unsinn reden', rẽzgē 'aus Weiden geflochtener Korb', regztì-s 'Hängematte', rē̃kštē 'Art kleines Netz, besonders zum Tragen von Erbsen', razgī́ti hin und her, kreuz und quer binden', rìgzti (rī̃zga/riñzga, rìzgō) 'sich verwickeln, verwirrt werden'

Lettish: režg̨ît (-u, -ĩju), režg̨êt, rež[g]uôt `verwickeln, verwühlen'; ražg̨ît 'ds.; verworrenes Garn entwirren; sieben'

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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *risk=

Meaning: reed

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: resc, resce, risc, risce `Binse'

Middle Low German: risch `Binse'

germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-oengl,germet-mlg,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 1633

Root: rezg-

English meaning: to plait, wind

German meaning: `flechten, winden'

Material: Ai. rájju- f. `Strick, Seil'; lat. restis ds. (*rezgtis) = alit. rekstis `Korb'; ags. resc(e), risc(e), mnd. risch `Binse'; norw. rusk m. ryskje n. `Schmiele', ags. rysc, rysce f. `Binse'; mnd. rusch `Schilf, Binse', mhd. rusch(e) f. `Binse'; lit. rezgù, rèksti `flechten, stricken, binden, schnüren', lett. režǵēt `flechten', režǵis `Flechtwerk'; abulg. rozga `Rute, Zweig', durch sekundäre Beeinflussung des Präfixes raz-: russ.-ksl. razga.

References: WP. II 374, WH. II 431, Trautmann 245.

Pages: 874

PIE database: PIE database

pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Uralic etymology :

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Number: 858

Proto: *raćV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: lattice, grid-like fish trap

German meaning: Gitter, gitterartiges Fischwehr

Komi (Zyrian): raʒ́ (S P) 'Lattenzaun, Lattenwerk; ein Holzgerät'

Hungarian: rács (dial. récs) 'Gitter, Gatter; Rost; Holzgitter'

uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-kom,uralet-ugr,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʕā́rśwǝ̄

Meaning: strap

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ʕārś_wɨ̄

Sino-Tibetan: ? *sǝ̆ (r-)

Yenisseian: *ʔēs- (~x-)

sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *ʕārś_wɨ̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: strap, leather rope

Proto-Nakh: *ʔāsso

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ʔaš:i ( ~ -o-)

Proto-West Caucasian: *š:ʷa

Notes: Correspondences are regular. See Dumézil 1933, 21, Abdokov 1983, 132. The latter also adds PAK *śaʁá (Ad., Kab. śāʁa) 'braid, lace' - which, however, has an obscure morphological structure and does not correspond phonetically to other WC forms.

caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,

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Nakh etymology :

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Proto-Nakh: *ʔāsso

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: strap, belt; stripe

Chechen: āsa

Ingush: ɔsa

Batsbi: assŏ

Comments: 4th class in all languages (but 6th class in Ing. with the meaning 'stripe'). Obl. stem *ʔāsi- (Ing. äso, Bacb. pl. ase-rč). In Bacb. assŏ is the record of Imnaishvili; Matsiyev and Kadagidze have -s- (probably a misspelling). Cf. also Cheb. āso, Shar. ōso, Khild. ōsŏ, Ved., Itumk. āsa.

nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *ʔaš:i ( ~ -o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: leather rope

Avar: ʕarš:

Chadakolob: ʕa(r)s

Tindi: aš:i

Karata: aš:e (Anch.)

Comments: Av. paradigm A (erg. ʕárš:i-c:a, pl. ʕárš:a-l; but Chad. C - ʕarsí-l, ʕársa-l). Medial -r- in Avar is secondary (in Chadakolob it may be omitted).

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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

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Proto-West-Caucasian: *š:ʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: rope

Abkhaz: a-šá, a-šá-χa

Abaza: šaqa

Ubykh: (n)dʷá-ša

Comments: PAT *ša, *ša-qa (with an unclear component -qa). PAT *ša and Ub. -ša correspond regularly and go back to *š:ʷa; there is, however, some uncertainty, because the meaning of the first component in Ub. is not clear.

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *sǝ̆ (r-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sinew, tendon, thread

Chinese: 絲 *sǝ silk, thread.

Tibetan: rca, rcad vein, root.

Kachin: lǝsa³ a tendon, sinew.

Lushai: tha sinew, tendon, KC *Vr-tha.

Lepcha: so

Kiranti: *sǝ́

Comments: BG: Dimasa rada, Bodo roda, rota; Mikir artho; Chang hau; Kanauri sā; Rgyarung -rtse. Sh. 52; Ben. 109.

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Chinese characters :

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Character: 絲

Modern (Beijing) reading: sī

Preclassic Old Chinese: sǝ

Classic Old Chinese: sǝ

Western Han Chinese: sǝ

Eastern Han Chinese: sjǝ

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjɨ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjɨ

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjɨ

Middle Chinese: sjɨ

English meaning : silk

Russian meaning[s]: 1) шелковая нить; шелк; шелковый; 2) нити; проволока; паутина; струйки; тонкие стружки; 3) струна; струнные музыкальные инструменты; 4) одна стотысячная; сотая часть миллиметра; ничтожное количество, иота; 5) тонкий узор; тонкий; 6) думы, вм. 思

Comments: Standard Sino-Viet. is ti. External data suggest rather *shǝ for OC; however, no modern dialect has preserved a special reflex of this phoneme (initial ch-).

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 120

Four-angle index: 8256

Karlgren code: 0974 a-c

Vietnamese reading: to'

Shijing occurrences: 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 24.3, 27.3_, 53.1, 53.2, 53.3, 58.1

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Chinese Dialects :

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Number: 1495

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 絲

MC description : 止開三平之心

ZIHUI: 4828 0427

Beijing: si_ 11

Jinan: si_ 11

Xi'an: si_ 11

Taiyuan: si_ 1

Hankou: si_ 11

Chengdu: si_ 11

Yangzhou: si_ 11

Suzhou: si_ 11

Wenzhou: si_ 11

Changsha: si_ 11

Shuangfeng: si_ 11

Nanchang: si_ 11

Meixian: si_ 11

Guangzhou: ši 11

Xiamen: si 11

Chaozhou: si_ 11

Fuzhou: si 11

Zhongyuan yinyun: si_ 1

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Kiranti etymology :

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Proto-Kiranti: *sǝ́

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: nerve, thread

Sunwar: 'śele thread

Tulung: sōrip tendons, veins, sale id.

Kaling: 'söri nerve, tube (in the 2d part - *rì rope q.v.), söle (CSDF 'söle) id.

Limbu: sei sinew

Dumi: sūle

Kulung: sɔuri 'vein', sɔwa 'vital force that resides in the vein'

Comments: Toba 97 *sole.

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Dumi dictionary :

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Entry: su:le

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: thread

Nepali: dhāgo

Comments: cf. bhoknɨ vt-2a (2), pǝnnɨ vt-2a, tsume.

dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,dumet-comments,

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Kulung dictionary :

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Entry: sɔuri

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: vein

Nepali: nasā, nāḍī.

kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,

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Yenisseian etymology :

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Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔēs- (~x-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: ski-strap

Ket: ɛś⁴(South.), North. ɛ:śe⁴; pl. ēśiŋ¹

Yug: ɛ:hs⁴, pl. esɨŋ¹

Comments: ССЕ 190. Werner 1, 242 <*eʔǝsǝ>.

yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-notes,

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