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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *ras-ā̂ f.
Meaning: dew
Lithuanian: rasà `Tau'
Lettish: rasa 'Tau; Tropfen; feiner Regen'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *(e)rAs- <PIH *e->
Meaning: flow; dew
Hittite: arš- (I) 'fließen'
Old Indian: rása- m. `sap, juice; water, liquor, drink', rasā́ f. `moisture, humidity'
Old Greek: -eráō `giessen' (ap-, eks-, kat-, met-, sün-)
Latin: rōs, gen. rōris m. `Tau; Tautropfen'
Albanian: reš, rešɛn `es schneit; regnet Asche, Feuer'
Russ. meaning: течь; роса
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: роса́,
Near etymology: укр., блр. роса́, ст.-слав. роса δρόσος, ὄμβρος (Супр.), болг. роса́, сербохорв. ро̀са, вин. ро̏су, словен. rósa, чеш., слвц., польск. rоsа, в.-луж., н.-луж. rоsа.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. rasà, вин. rãsą "роса", лтш. rаsа, др.-инд. rasā́ ж. "влажность, сырость", rásas м. "сок, жидкость", авест. Raŋhā -- название реки, лат. rōs, род. rōris "роса", стар. к.-основа с и.-е. ō в им. п.; см. Траутман, ВSW 237; М.--Э. 3, 478; Бартоломэ 1510 и сл.; Wochenschr. f. klass. Phil., 1890, 1108; Педерсен, IF 5, 46; Kelt. Gr. 1, 176; Шпехт 21; Мейе--Вайан 30; Вальде--Гофм. 2, 442 и сл. Сомнительна связь с греч. δρόσος "роса", вопреки Мейе (Geiger-Festschr. 236; см. также Мейе--Эрну 1019), или с греч. ἐρωή "стремительное движение, натиск", вопреки Перссону (837).
Pages: 3,503
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 508
Root: ere-s-2 (ers-, r̥s-, eres-), und rē̆s-, rō̆s-
English meaning: to flow
German meaning: `fließen'; von lebhafter Bewegung überhaupt, auch `umherirren' und `aufgebracht, aufgeregt sein'
Derivatives: rosā `Feuchtigkeit, Tau', eresi̯ā `Übelwollen' (S. 337)
Material: 1. Ai. rása-ḥ `Saft, Flüssigkeit', rasā́ `Feuchtigkeit, Naß', auch mythischer Flußname gleich av. Raṅhā (d. i. Rahā), daraus der Name der Wolga ̔Ρα̃; lat. rōs, rōris `Tau' (kons. St. mit ursprünglich bloß nominativischer Dehnstufe ō);
alb. resh, reshën `es schneit', auch `regnet Asche, Feuer' (wohl ebenfalls aus *rōs-);
gr. ἀπ-εράω (*erǝsō) `gieße eine Flüssigkeit, speie weg' (?), ἐξ-εράω `schütte aus, speie aus', κατ-εράω `gieße hinein', μετ-εράω `gieße um', συνεράω `gieße zusammen'; nach Debrunner IF. 48, 282 wäre die Grundbed. von ἐράω `auf die Erde ausschütten' und das Verb von ἔρα `Erde' (oben S. 332) abgeleitet;
aksl. rosa `Tau', lit. rasà ds.
2. Wurzelform ers-, r̥s-; r̥sen `männlich'.
ai. árṣati `fließt'; ferner mit der Bed. `männlich' (aus `benetzend, Samen ergießend') ai. r̥ṣa-bhá-ḥ `Stier', aja-rṣabhá-ḥ `Ziegenbock', av. apers. aršan `Mann, Männchen', gr. hom. ἄρσην, att. ἄρρην, ion. äol. kret. ἔρσην (ohne -!) `männlich' (dazu *αρνηός, hom. ἀρνειός `Widder' = att. ἀρνεώς, äol. ἀρνήαδες f., dazu ἀρνεύω `mache einen Luftsprung, tauche', eigentlich `mache einen Bocksprung', ἀρνευτήρ `wer einen Purzelbaum schlägt, einen Luftsprung macht', Lit. bei Boisacq u. ἀρνειός und ἀρνευτήρ Nachtr.), wohl auch ahd. or[re]huon, anord. orre `Auerhahn' (daraus durch Kreuzung mit ahd. ūr, ūrohso das mhd. ūrhan, nhd. Auerhahn).
3. Zugehörigkeit unserer Wz. *eres- zu *er-, *or- `in Bewegung setzen, lebhafte Bewegung' ist erwägenswert. Andere s-Formen von Wz. er-, or- zeigen weitere Bedeutungen:
Arm. eṙam (*ersā-i̯ō; vgl. oben ai. arṣati) `siede, walle; bin in unruhiger Bewegung; wimmle; bin leidenschaftlich erregt; bin oder werde eifrig, zornig', er̄andn `Wallen usw.; Erregung', z-eṙam `bewege mich umher, bin stark bewegt, erregt, schwimme usw.';
gr. ἐρωή `Schwung, Andrang' (*rōsā́; davon aber auch ἐρωέω `fließe, ströme, eile');
lat. rōrārii `leicht bewaffnete Plänklertruppe' (Ableitung von *rōsā `Schwung' = βελέων, δουρὸς ἐρωή);
anord. rās f. `Lauf', mndd. rās n. `heftige Strömung', ags. rǣs m. `Lauf, Anfall' (engl. race skand. Lw.), mhd. rāsen `rasen', ags. rǣsan `anstürmen', anord. rāsa `einherstürzen'; anord. ras n. `Eile', rasa `stürzen, gleiten' (Ablaut *rōs- : *rēs- : *rǝs-?); got. rēs im PN Rēs-mēr;
dazu mit dem Begriffe teils der unruhigen, auch ziellosen Bewegung, teils der Aufgeregtheit, des gewalttätigen Zornes:
einerseits: lat. errō (*ersāi̯ō) `irre' (= arm. eṙam), got. aírzeis `irre, verführt', ahd.irri `irre', got. aírziþa f. `Irrtum, Betrug', ahd. irrida ds., irr(e)ōn (*erziōn) `irren';
anderseits: as. irri `zornig', ags. eorre, yrre `zornig, erbittert', eorsian, iersian `übelwollen'.
4. eres- in ai. irasyáti `zürnt, will übel, benimmt sich gewalttätig' (*eres-), irasyā́- `das Übelwollen' und ī́rṣyati `ist neidisch' (*erǝs-), av. Partiz. arǝšyant- `neidisch', ai. īrṣyā́- `Neid, Eifersucht' av. aras-ka- `Neid', mpers. npers. arašk `Neid, Eifer', tiefstufig av. ǝrǝši- `Neid'; ved. ŕ̥ṣi- m. `Dichter, Seher' (*Rasender);
arm. heṙ `Zorn, Neid, Hader';
gr. ἄρος ἀκούσιον βλάβος Hes., hom. ἀρειή `Schmähwort' (= ai. irasyā́), dazu ἐπήρεια `gewalttätige, feindselige Handlung' (urgr. ā, vgl. ark. ἐπηρειάζεν, mit Dehnung im Kompositum auf Grund eines *ἐπ-ᾱρής), vgl. auch ἐρεσχηλέω `treibe Neckerei'; ῎Αρης `Gott der Rache' scheint Personifizierung des verwandten Subst. ἀρή `Verderben, Gewalttat', wovon ἀ̄ρήμενος `betroffen, versehrt, gequält';
lit. aršùs `heftig';
hitt. arsaniya- `beneiden, eifersüchtig sein', Denom. von *arsana- `eifersüchtig' (vgl. oben ai. īrṣyā́ `Neid'), Benveniste BSL. 33, 139;
nach Pedersen REtIE. 3, 18 hierher toch. A ārṣal `giftiges Gewürm', В arṣāklai `Schlange' (*r̥sātlā);
zu ai. árṣati `fließt' (oben S. 336) stellt Couvreur H̯ 96 hitt. a-ar-aš-zi (arszi) `fließt';
toch. A yär-s-, В yar-s- `baden' (-s- aus -sk-), ohne sk-Suffix A yär- ds., wird mit hitt. arra- `waschen' verglichen (?).
References: WP. I 149 ff., WH. I 416 f., 863, Trautmann 237.
Pages: 336-337
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *rVCV
Meaning: dew, liquid
Uralic: FU *räŝV- 'sprinkle; moisture'
References: ND 1999 *räŝV 'sprinkle, moisture' (IE + Ur + Sem.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *orusi
Meaning: river, to flow
Russian meaning: река, течь
Comments: A Turk.-Mong. isogloss. Phonetically a good match would be Jpn. *úrúsí 'lacquer' ( < *'liquid'?), but semantics raises doubts. Poppe 102 compares *urus- with Evk. urigden 'backwater' - the same comparison see in ОСНЯ 1, 240-241. Cf. also Yak. ürex, Dolg. ürek 'river' (Stachowski 253) - suggesting that *-si might be an original suffix. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *örs, *örsen
Meaning: 1 river, river bed 2 to flow
Russian meaning: 1 река, русло реки 2 течь
Azerbaidzhan: öz- 2
Turkmen: özen 1
Chuvash: vazan 1
Yakut: örüs 1
Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 510-511. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *urus-
Meaning: to flow
Russian meaning: течь
Written Mongolian: urus- (L 886) Middle Mongolian: oros- (LH) Khalkha: ursa-
Buriat: urda-
Ordos: urus-
Dongxian: usuru-, urusu-
Shary-Yoghur: urus-, urusu-, usuru-
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *rc̣q̇a-
Russian meaning: вода
English meaning: water
Georgian: c̣q̇al-; c̣q̇ar- 'spring'
Megrel: c̣q̇ar-; c̣q̇or-il-, aḳo-c̣q̇or-ua 'mixed with water'
Svan: lǝ-lc̣q̇e
Svan meaning (Rus.): влажный
Svan meaning (Eng.): damp
Laz: c̣ḳa(r), c̣ar
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 159-160, EWK 515. Фенрих привлекает не мегр. c̣q̇ar-, но мегр. c̣q̇u- в c̣q̇u-rgili 'источник' и восстанавливает *c̣q̇al-. Ностр. параллели: ПИЕ *eras- (-o-) "роsа", алт. *urusV 'течь, жидкость'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-svmean,kartet-esvmean,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVRCV
Meaning : rain, pour
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *raĉaḥ-
Meaning: pour, soak
afaset-meaning,afaset-sem,afaset-wch,afaset-ech,afaset-agw,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1900
Proto-Semitic: *rVŝ-
Meaning: 'sprinkle'
Arabic: ršš (cf. ršḥ [-a-] 'leak')
Harsusi: reŝ
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,semet-hss,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *rVŝ-
Meaning: 'moisten'
Ngizim: rǝ̀z̃ú [ShN]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-ngz,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *ra[ć]-
Meaning: 'wet, soak'
Mobu (dial. Kwang): rásé [Lns ?]
Ngam (dial. Kwang): ràse [Lns ?]
Notes: For ECh -ć- see HSED 2111 > Migama ʔèrčò 'weep'
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-mob,echet-ngm,echet-notes,
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Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :
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Proto-Agaw: *ʔa-rič-
Meaning: 'sprinkle'
Awiya (Aungi): areč-ǝn
Notes: Prefix *ʔa-.
agwet-prnum,agwet-meaning,agwet-aun,agwet-notes,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *Hǝ̄́rčwVŋ-
Meaning: to be cloudy, rain
Comments and references : WFR 135.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *Hǝ̄rč_wVn
Meaning: to become cloudy, dull (of weather)
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *jāč-
Meaning: 1 to be cloudy, dull (of weather) 2 to rain
Chechen: jāč- 1
Ingush: jač- 2
Batsbi: jač- 2
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *-irčʷ(Vn)-
Meaning: to become cloudy (of weather)
Avar: róč:n-
Karata: ƛ̣-orč-
Comments: In Kar. ƛ̣- is an expressive prefix (cf. also Anch., Archo. orč- id.).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: =aš:a- / =aš:i-
Meaning: to become cloudy (of weather)
Lak form: =aš:a-n/=aš:i-n
Comments: G. pr. =a=š:u-nu.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *raIč(ʷ)Vn- ( ~ -š-)
Meaning: to become cloudy (of sky, weather)
Archi: daI=šin-
Comment: Attested only in Archi, but having good external parallels.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *[ʒ́ā]ŋ
Meaning: rain, shower
Kachin: caŋ2 to fall, as a light, cooling shower, to squirt.
Lushai: čhēŋ (čhēn) to rain continuously.
Comments: Cf. also: Karen *cuN, Tujia tsie, Manipuri chumthaŋ, Naga *cVŋ 'rain'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *ɦorci / *ɦośti
Meaning: 1 sky 2 storm 3 thunder 4 Thursday 5 rainbow 6 cloud
Bizkaian: osti 2, 3
Gipuzkoan: osti 2, 3, ost-egun 4
High Navarrese: ost-egun 4
Low Navarrese: ortzi 2, ortzantz, ihurtzuri 3, ost-egun 4, hortz-adar, ortz-adar, orz-adar, oltz-adar 5, ortz-egun 4, orzi-adar 5, (Hazparren) ortzi 3, orzi-adar 5, (Aldude) orz-egun 4
Lapurdian: ortzantz, ihurtzuri 3, hortz-adar, holtz-adar 5
Baztanese: ortz-egun 4, ortz-adar, oltz-adar 5
Zuberoan: ́ortze 2, orzantz 3, ost-égün 4, ost-ádar 5
Roncalese: (Isaba) ost-égun 4, (Uztárroz) orz-égun
Comments: Apparently {Urcia} (*ɦorcia) was an ancient name for the sky-god, like Jove/Jupiter, Zeus, etc., thus *ɦorc-egun or *ɦośt-egun 'Thursday'. See the discussions by Michelena (1961: 130, 363-4) and Trask (1997: 277-79). There is similar alternation of -rc- / -śt- in a few other Bsq words, e.g. *ɦerce / *ɦeśte ‘intestine’, *borc / *bośt ‘five’ (q.v.).
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *ʔʒVʔń
Meaning: rain
Austroasiatic meaning: rain
Proto-Austronesian: *quzaN
Austronesian meaning: rain
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: cVŋ
Meaning: rain
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-vim,aaet-pawa,
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Viet-Muong etymology :
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Proto-Viet-Muong:
Meaning: rain
vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,
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Palaung-Wa etymology :
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pawaet-prnum,pawaet-pran,
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Angku etymology :
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Proto-Angku: *cuŋ
Meaning: rain
Khamet: ćuŋ.55
Khme: phi.31 ćoŋ.55
pranet-meaning,pranet-prnum,pranet-kme,pranet-kmq,
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