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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *dū̂-l-ia- (1) c., *dū̂-l-jā̂ (1) f., *dul̂- vb. inch.; *dwā̃-l-a- c., *dwel̂- vb. inch., *dū̂-m-a- (1) c., *dū̂-m-a- adj., *du-j-ā̂ f., *dū̂- vb. intr.
Meaning: smoke
Lithuanian: dū́li-s, dū́lia `Nebel, Dunst, Baummoder zum Beräuchern der Bienen'; dùlti 'morsch, wurmstichig werden, vermodern, verwittern, von Kräfter kommen'; dvō̃la-s 'schwerer Geruch, Gestank', dvélti 'die Luft verderben'; pl. dū́mai `Rauch, Qualm'; dū́ma- `dunkel-, schwarzbraun (vom Rindvieh)'; dujà `Stäubchen, feiner Regen, Nebel, Staubregen, feinstes Mehl, Dunst'; dùiti (dų̃ja, dùjō) 'verrückt werden, Verstand verlieren, benebelt werden, schimmelig, kamig werden, sich mit Nebel, Fliegenschmutz bedecken'
Lettish: dũlãjs, dũle, dũlẽjs, dũlis `Räuchermasse zum Forttreiben der Bienen; eine aus Lumpen und Stroh gemachte, räuchernde Fackel zum Forttreiben der Bienen; am einem Ende gespaltenes und Glimmendes Stück Eschen- od. Ebereschenholz, Art von Fackel, Lunte'; dũlêt (-ēju), dūl̨ât 'mit dem dūlājs räuchern, um die Bienen fortzutreiben, usw.'; pl. dũmi 'Rauch, Qualm'; dũms `dunkelrot, dunkelrau', dūmals, dũmal̨š `rauchfarbig, dunkelgrau; dunkelbraun, schwarzbraun'; dũmal̨a, dũmala 'dunkel-, schwarzbraune Kuh, rote Kuh mit braunem Kopfe'; dumjš, dums 'dunkelbraun, fahl'
Old Prussian: dumis Voc. 39 'Rauch'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *dhūw- (PIH *dhuHw-)
Meaning: to smoke, to raise dust
Hittite: tuhhuwai- (tuhhui-) c. 'Qualm?, Dunst?' (Friedrich 227);
Tokharian: A twe, B tweye 'dust, ashes' (PT *tweye) (Adams 323)
Old Indian: dhūli- f. `dust, powder', dhūlikā f. `fog, mist (L.)'; OInd dhūmá- m. `smoke, vapour, mist'; dhūmrá- `smoke-coloured, grey, dark-red', dhūmala- `smoke-coloured, purple'; dhūsara- `dust-coloured, grey'
Old Greek: thǘō, aor. thǖ̂sai̯, p. tüthē̂nai̯, pf. téthüka, m.-p. téthümai̯ `ein Rauch- od. Brandopfer darbringen, opfern im allg.'; ék-, pró-thüsi-s f.; thǘos n. `Raucherwerk', thü[ē]tǟ́ f. `id.', thǖ̂ma n. `Opfer', thǘtǟ-s `Opferer', dial. `Opferplatz', thüsíǟ f. `Opfer, Opferfest', thǘo-n `ein Baum, dessen Holz wegen seines Wohlgeruches verbrannt wurde', thümélǟ `Opferstätte, Alter', thümálōps, -ōpos m. etwa `Feuerbrand, glühende Kohle'; thümiáō `in Rauch aufgehen lassen, räuchern'
Latin: fūlīgō, -inis f. `Russ'; fūmus, -ī m. `Rauch, Dampf, Qualm, Brodem'; suffiō, -īs, -īre `räuchern'; foetēre `übelriechen, stinken; verhasst sein'; ? fimus, -ī m., fimum n. `Mist, Kot, Dünger'; fuscus, -a `dunkelfärbig, schmutzigschwarz, dunkelbraun', furvus, -a `schwarz, finster'
Other Italic: Osk Mefit<eí> `Mefītī', Mefítaiiaís `*Mefītaeī ? > Lat mefītis, -is f. `schädliche Ausdünstung; Göttin der schädlichen Dünste'
Celtic: MIr dumacha `Nebel'; *dum= > Ir dumhach `nebelig, dunkel'
Russ. meaning: дымить, пылить
References: WP I 835 f, 843 f
Comments: May be the same as *dhū- 'blow, storm', but Greek semantical (2 verbs thǘō with rather different meaning) and Hittite phonetical difference (h <--> hhw) are concpicious.
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: дым,
Near etymology: род. п. ды́ма, укр. дим, др.-русск. дымъ, ст.-слав. дымъ καπνός (Супр.), болг. дим, сербохорв. ди̏м, словен. dìm, род. п. díma, чеш. dým, слвц. dym, польск., в.-луж., н.-луж. dym.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. dū́mai мн. "дым", лтш. dũmi, др.-прусск. dumis, др.-инд. dhūmás "дым", лат. fūmus -- то же, греч. θῡμός "мужество, страсть", д.-в.-н. toum "дым, туман, пар"; см. Бернекер 1, 250; Траутман, BSW 62 и сл.; Apr. Sprd. 324; М. -- Э. 1, 528; Торп 206 и сл. Ср. также след. слово.
Pages: 1,558
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *dauma-z, *daumōn-; *dauni-z, *dūna-z; *duska-
Meaning: smell, stink
Gothic: daun-s f. (i) `sense of smell, smell, fragrance'
Old Norse: daun-n m. `Gestank'; dūn-n m. `Daune, Flaumfeder'; deyna wk. `Übel riechen', dūni m. `Feuer' (ɵula)
Norwegian: döyna `kalte Hohnworte sagen'; dun
Old Swedish: dön; döna `stinken'
Swedish: dun
Old Danish: dön
Danish: dun
Old English: dōmian `dampfen'; dox `dunkel'
English: dusk
Old Saxon: dununga `deliramentum'
Middle Dutch: doom
Dutch: zuidnl. doom m. `damp, nevel, uitwaseming van dieren'; { dons `Daune' }
Old High German: { toum `Dampf, Dunst, Duft' }; { tūvar, tūbar `wahnsinnig' }
Middle High German: toum st. m. 'dunst, duft, qualm'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *pVxwV
Meaning: sharp, to whet
Comments: [For PIE cf. also PA *si̯ṓp`ì - but for the latter cf. also PK *ćkip-, Slav. *šipъ]
References: МССНЯ 352-353. Cf. ND 1652 *P_[i]ʔV 'point, blade, sharp edge' (Turk. + incorr. Jap.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *pi̯ŭ̀bi
Meaning: to mince, saw
Russian meaning: крошить, пилить
Comments: Correspondences are basically regular, with the following comments: in Turkic one has to suppose secondary delabialization *bij- < *büj- ( < *büb-); the Kor. form pjàpắi- must be denominative, derived from a noun *pjàpắ- < *pibV-pu- < *pi̯ubi-p`u- ( = PTM *pubu-pu-). Cf. *p`i̯ṑpo: the two roots are sometimes hard to distinguish. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *bij-
Meaning: sharp edge, knife
Russian meaning: острый край, нож
Old Turkic: bi (OUygh.)
Khakassian: pi-ze- 'to whet, sharpen'
Yakut: bī
Dolgan: bī
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-hak,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *(h)üji-
Meaning: to crush, pulverize
Russian meaning: ломать на мелкие куски, крошить
Written Mongolian: üi-le-, üi-re- (L 1001) Khalkha: üjre-
Buriat: üjre-
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pubu-
Meaning: 1 to saw 2 saw
Russian meaning: 1 пилить 2 пила
Evenki: huwu- 1, hūwun 2
Even: hụ̄-na-
Negidal: xo-
Literary Manchu: fufu- 1, fufun 2
Ulcha: pụ̄- 1, pụpụ(n) 2
Orok: pụpụ-la-, pụ̄pụ(n) 2
Nanai: pō- 1, popõ 2
Oroch: xū 2
Udighe: xu 2
Solon: ōgĩ, ụ̄gĩ 2
Comments: ТМС 2, 336. The existing form reflect the verbal stem *pubu- and the derived noun *pubu-pu(n) (with some later confusion because of the loss of *-b-). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *pjàpắi-
Meaning: to mince, rub (in hands)
Russian meaning: крошить, растирать (в руках)
Modern Korean: pibi-
Middle Korean: pjàpắi-
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *piwa-
Meaning: to mince, cut into small slices
Russian meaning: размельчать, резать на мелкие куски
Old Japanese: pjiwa-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 771
Proto: *pije
English meaning: stone
German meaning: Stein
Finnish: pii, pii-kivi 'Feuerstein' ?
Estonian: pii-kivi ?
Nenets (Yurak): päe (O), päej (Nj.) 'Stein; Glas; Schleifstein'
Enets (Yen): fû (Ch.), fu (pu) (B)
Nganasan (Tawgi): fála, fuálla
Selkup: pǖ (TaM Ke. Ty. Tur.)
Kamass: pi 'Stein; Flint, Feuerstein'
Addenda: Koib. pi; Mot. hilä; Taig. hyla 'Felsen'
Yukaghir parallels: pie 'Berg; Stein, Felsen'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-add,uralet-yuk,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *pxa-
Russian meaning: хрящ, остов
English meaning: cartilage, carcass
Georgian: pxa-
Georgian meaning (Rus.): хрящ, ость (злака)
Georgian meaning (Engl.): cartilage, beard (of spike)
Megrel: xa-
Megrel meaning (Rus.): хрящ змеи, чешуя рыбы
Megrel meaning (Eng.): snake cartilage, fish scale
Svan: pxa
Svan meaning (Rus.): кость рыбы, змееныш
Svan meaning (Eng.): fish bone, young of snake
Laz: mxa-
Laz meaning (Rus.): кость рыбы
Laz meaning (Eng.): fish bone
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 194, EWK 367. В МССHЯ 352-353 основа сравнивается с ПИЕ *(s)peHi- 'острие, острый конец', ур. *pȳ[ɣ]V 'кремень, острый камень', алт. *piubu ( < *piuɣu) 'точить' < ностр. *ṗi[H]V. Сравнение с ПЗК *pq(a)- 'кость, скелет' (см. ЭСКЯ ibid., Климов 1969) следует отвергнуть: последнее восстанавливается в виде *bǝq:Iʷǝ и сравнивается с ПВК *bŏnq̇_ō 'спина' (см. NCED 310).
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-grmean,kartet-egrmean,kartet-meg,kartet-mgmean,kartet-emgmean,kartet-sva,kartet-svmean,kartet-esvmean,kartet-laz,kartet-lzmean,kartet-elzmean,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVHV
Meaning : sharp, to whet
Reference : ND 1652, 1836. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *faʔ-
Meaning: sharp point, arrow
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-wch,afaset-lec,afaset-scu,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 293
Proto-Semitic: *pVʔ-
Meaning: 'edge'
Hebrew: pēʔā
Aramaic: pā/ăʔ-t-
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-hbr,semet-arm,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *fyaH-
Meaning: 'arrow'
Bokos: nvyà [JgR]
Daffo-Butura: nvyàh [Jg]
Notes: cp. Ch *fiya 'shoot, sting' 1, 'prick' 2, 'pierce with a spear' 3: W Tangale peyi 1 [JgT], C Mofu fáf, féf 3 [BMof], E Kera féyá 2 [Eb].
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-bks,wchet-dfb,wchet-notes,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *fiʔ-/*fuʔ-
Meaning: 'arrow'
Oromo (Galla): fia, fue
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-oro,
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South Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-South Cushitic: *fay-
Meaning: 'arrow'
Alagwa (Wasi): fayu/e
Burunge (Mbulungi): fayu/e
scuet-prnum,scuet-meaning,scuet-alg,scuet-bur,
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