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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *askō(n), *askiēn
Meaning: ashes
Gothic: *azgō f. (n) `ashes'
Old Norse: aska f. `Asche'
Norwegian: oska
Swedish: aska
Danish: ask
Old English: äsce, äxe
English: pl. ashes
Middle Dutch: assce f.
Dutch: as f.
Old Franconian: asca
Middle Low German: asche
Old High German: asca (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: asche, esche wk. f., m.
German: Asche f.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *as- <PIH *H->
Meaning: to burn, to dry; hearth; ashes
Hittite: hassa- c. 'Herd, Feuerstelle', Luw. hassaniti 'hearth' (Tischler 196-197)
Tokharian: A, B ās- 'dry out, dry up' (PT *ās-) (Adams 57-58)
Old Indian: ā́sa- m. `ashes, dust'
Armenian: azazaem `dörren', ačiun `Asche'
Old Greek: ázdō `dörren, trocknen', ázda f. `Trockenheit, Hitze', azdaléo- `dürr', lakon. acc. áddau̯o-n `ksērón' (Hsch.), azdau̯tós `palai ótēs kài kónis' (Hsch.)
Slavic: *ozdītī (Czech, OPol ozd `Malzdarre', Czech, Slovak ozditi `Malz dörren')
Latin: āreo, -ēre, -uī `trocken, dürr, ausgedörrt, verschmachtet sein', āridus, -a `trocken, dürr', ardeō, -ēre, arsī `brennen, glühen, entbrannt sein'; āra f. (OLat āsa) f. `Aufbau zum Opfern, Altar'
Other Italic: Osk aasaí `in ara', Umbr ase `arae'
Russ. meaning: жечь, гореть, сушить/сохнуть (на огне); очаг; зола
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 121
Root: ā̆s-, davon azd-, azg(h)-
English meaning: to burn
German meaning: `brennen, glühen'
Material: Ai. ā́sa-ḥ `Asche, Staub' (über ásita-ḥ `schwarz' s. *n̥si- `schmutzfarben'); lat. āra ` Altar' (= osk. aasaí `in āra', umbr. are `аrае' usw.), āreō, -ēre `bintrocken, ausgedörrt', āridus `trocken' (davon ardeō `brenne', Partiz. Pass. assus `trocken gebraten'), ārea `freier Platz, Tenne usw.' (eigentl. `ausgebrannte, trockene Stelle'); ahd. essa f., nhd. Esse (*asi̯ōn), urnord. aRina, aisl. arinn `Erhöhung, Feuerstätte', ahd. erin `Diele, Boden' (*azena); toch. AB as- Präs., ās- Perf. und Kausat. `austrocknen', A āsar `trocken'; hett. ḫa-aš-ši-i (ḫaši) Lok. `auf dem Herde' (ḫašaš). Vielleicht hierher mir. ān `feurig, leuchtend, edel' (*ās-no-). Über gr. διψά̄ω, πεινά̄ω s. Schwyzer Gr. Gr. 1, 724.
Da das r in hett. a-a-ri (āri) `wird heiß' nicht zum Stamm gehört, ist lat. āreō nicht von āra zu trennen.
Formantische Erweiterungen:
azd- in gr. ἄζω (*az-d-i̯ō) `dörre, trockne', ἄζα f. `trockner Schmutz', ἀζαλέος `dürr, entflammend', ἄδδαυον ξηρόν. Λάκωνες Hes. (-δδ aus -zd-); čech. apoln. ozd `Malzdarre', čech. slov. ozditi `Malz dörren'.
azg- arm. ačiun `Asche' (Meillet Esquisse 29), gr. ἄσβολος (*ἄσγ-βολος) `Ruß' (`Aschen-wurf'), germ. *askōn in aisl. aska, ags. asce, æsce, ahd. asca, nhd. Asche.
azgh-? in arm. azazim `dörre' (Meillet Esquisse 33, EM. 70), got. azgo `Asche' (*azgōn). Über das schwierige Verhältnis von germ. *askōn : *az-gōn s. Feist 72b; wieder anders Specht Dekl. 201, 219. Auch ist die Beweiskraft der arm. Beispiele nicht ganz einwandfrei.
References: WH. I 61, 65, 848, Feist 72, Trautmann 22, Pedersen Hittitisch 27, 164.
Pages: 68-69
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *Hase
Meaning: to burn
Kartvelian: Svan. -V:šw- 'to ignite'
Chukchee-Kamchatkan: Itelm. *'az- 'bright'
Comments: [perhaps also PD *is(V)k- 'fire, glow-worm' (DEDR 428); also Neg. isket 'испытывать жару'?]
References: ОСНЯ 1, 262-263, МССНЯ 352; ND 87 *ʔüsV 'fire', 786 *[h]aŝ[o] 'burn' (an extremely dubious distinction). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ase ( ~ p`-)
Meaning: to catch fire; hot
Russian meaning: загораться; горячий
Comments: АПиПЯЯ 288. A Turk.-Mong. isogloss; cf. (?) Kor. (SKE 217) s:a-da 'to be hot'; s:ǝ-da 'to kindle (fire)' (the forms are nowhere to be found except SKE). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *ɨsɨg / *isig
Meaning: 1 hot 2 warm
Russian meaning: 1 горячий 2 теплый
Old Turkic: isig 1 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: isig 1 (MK, KB) Turkish: sɨǯak 1
Tatar: esse 1
Uighur: issiq 1
Azerbaidzhan: isti 2
Turkmen: ɨssɨ 1
Khakassian: ǝzǝg 1
Oyrat: izü 1
Halaj: hissị̄, hisk 1
Chuvash: ъʷžъʷ 2
Yakut: itī, ičiges ( < *isi-geč) 2
Dolgan: itī, ičiges 2
Tuva: iziɣ 1
Tofalar: i'siɣ 1
Kirghiz: ɨsɨq 1, ɨsɨ 'heat, hot wind'
Kazakh: ɨssɨ 1
Noghai: issi 1
Karaim: issi 1, 2 (HK), sɨǯaq 2 (K), ɨsɨ-t- (K) 'to warm'
Karakalpak: ɨssɨ 1
Salar: hɨssɨ 2
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *(h)asa-
Meaning: to catch fire
Russian meaning: загораться
Written Mongolian: asa- (L 55) Khalkha: asa-
Buriat: aha-
Kalmuck: as-
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 49
Proto: *äsV-
English meaning: to heat; to be very hot, very warm
German meaning: heizen; sehr heiss, sehr warm sein
Udmurt (Votyak): est- (S) 'heizen, einheizen', ezǝ̑l- (K) 'auftauen, schmelzen', estị̑- (G) 'heizen'
Komi (Zyrian): e̮zji̮- (S P) 'sich entzünden, Feuer fangen', ȯ.zjal- (PO) 'sich entzünden'
Khanty (Ostyak): ö̆l- (V), ĕt- (DN), ȧ̆l- (O) 'heizen, einheizen'
References: FUV; DEWO 64; ИВПЯ 156, 159
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-lit,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *es-
Meaning : to shine
Proto-South Dravidian: *es- Notes : Kan.-Tel. isogloss.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *es-
Meaning : to shine
Kannada : ese
Kannada meaning : to shine, be brilliant, be beautiful, appear
Kannada derivates : esaka shine, splendour, beauty, appearance, state of being, fate, delight
Number in DED : 0778
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *es-
Meaning : joy, delight
Telugu : esakamu
Telugu (Krishnamurti) : esakamu "splendour"
Additional forms : Also [1] esaŋgu, [2] esãgu to arise, appear, exist, happen, (K. also) shine; (K) esalāru to shine, flourish
Number in DED : 778
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_kr,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVCV
Meaning : to burn
Amerind (misc.) : *ʔisu 'fire' (R 259) [+ A]; cf. also *hasi 'sun' (R 709) [+ K] Reference : ОСНЯ 1, 127-128; GE 50 *ʔes. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔis-
Meaning: fire
Notes: Cf. Rift *ʔaŝ- 'fire' (Irq aŝa, Gor aŝa, Alg aŝa, Bur aŝa) with a lateral *-ŝ-.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-wch,afaset-ech,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 819
Proto-Semitic: *ʔišs-
Meaning: 'fire'
Akkadian: ʔišatu
Ugaritic: ʔišt
Phoenician: ʔs
Hebrew: ʔeš
Aramaic: (Emp) ʔsh, (Bibl) ʔešs-, (Palest) ʔišsat-
Mandaic Aramaic: ʕs̃tʔ
Geʕez (Ethiopian): ʔǝsat
Tigre: ʔǝsat
Amharic: ǝsat
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-uga,semet-phn,semet-hbr,semet-arm,semet-mnd,semet-gzz,semet-tgr,semet-amh,
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Berber etymology :
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Proto-Berber: *HVs-
Meaning: 'big fire'
Ahaggar (Tahaggart): a-hǝs
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-ahg,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *ʔyas-
Meaning: 'fire'
Mupun: wūs [FrM]
Sura: wus [JgS]
Angas: wus [Fl]
Montol: ʔús [JgC]
Ankwe=Goemai: wuss [Fp]
Gerke=Yiwom: wùs ]JgC]
Bolewa: òsí [ShV]
Karekare: yàsí [ShV]
Tangale: wii [JgT]
Pero: wúǯì [FrP]
Ngamo: yàsì [ShV]
Maha: woši [NmM]
Bele: ìhí [ShB]
Kifri=Giwo: wùší [ShV]
Gera: wùsí [ShV]
Galambu: wúší [ShV]
Geruma: ùší [ShB]
Guruntum: iši [CLR: 138]
Kulere: wáše
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-gwn,wchet-sur,wchet-ang,wchet-mnt,wchet-ank,wchet-grk,wchet-bol,wchet-krk,wchet-tng,wchet-per,wchet-ngm,wchet-mah,wchet-bel,wchet-krf,wchet-ger,wchet-glm,wchet-grm,wchet-grn,wchet-klr,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *ʔVss-
Meaning: make fire' 1, 'burn' 2 , 'warm'3
Dangla: ́ɔ́ɔ́sɛ́ 1 [Ebb]
Migama: ʔīs3 3 [Jg]
Bidiya: ʔṑs 2 [JBid]
Birgit: ʔìssí 2 [CLR: 55]
Notes: ECh may originate < *ʔVsVs-.
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-dng,echet-mig,echet-bid,echet-brg,echet-notes,
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