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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *áɵV-l=; *ṓɵV-l=; *ōdṓ; *attēn
Meaning: inheritance, heir; noble
Gothic: { aɵala- in PN (Athalaricus etc.) }; *haim-ōɵli n. (ja) `homestead, landed property inherited in the family'; atta m. (n) `father'
Old Norse: aδal n. `Art, Begabung; Hof, Erbgut, Eigentum; aδili m. `der Führer eines Prozesses'; ōδal n. `(väterliches) Erbgut, Eigentum; Heimat'
Old Swedish: aɵal-
Swedish: odal
Old Danish: athäl-; odel `Erbgut'
Old English: äɵele, eɵele `noble, eminent; famous, singular; noble, vigorous, young'', äɵelo, pl. äɵelu, -o n. `nobility, pre-eminence, origin, family, race, nature, talents, genius'; ēɵel (ǟɵel), gen. ēɵles m., n. `one's own residence or property, inheritance, country, realm, land, dwelling, home', äɵel, -ɵles m., n. `id.'
Old Frisian: ēdila `Urgrossvater'; ethel-; ēthel, ēdel `Erbgut'
Old Saxon: athal-; athali `edle Abkunft'; ethili `adelig, edel'; ōthil `Erbgut, Eigentum, Heimat'
Middle Dutch: adel m.; adel `edel geboren; wettig, echt'
Dutch: adel m.
Middle Low German: ādel m., n. `Art, Begabung, Hof, Erbgut, Eigentum'
Old High German: adal n. (8.Jh.) `edles Geschlecht'; edili `adelig, edel'; uodil `Erbgut, Eigentum, Heimat'; uota eig. "Urgrossmutter"; atto `Vater'
Middle High German: adel st. n., m. 'geschlecht, edlesw geschlecht, edler stand'; atte wk. m. 'vater; der alte'
German: Adel m.; dial. ätte `Vater'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-oengl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *ata, *atta <PIH *a->
Meaning: father
Hittite: atta- c., Lyd. ata- (Tischler 92)
Other Iranian: Osset äda `Vater'
Old Greek: voc. átta `Väterchen'
Latin: atta m. `Vater; Kosewort der Kinder dem Vater gegenüber'
Celtic: MIr aite `Pflegevater'
Albanian: at `Vater'
Russ. meaning: отец
References: WP I 44, Buck 103
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: оте́ц,
Near etymology: род. п. отца́, укр. оте́ць, блр. оце́ц, др.-русск., ст.-слав. отьць πατήρ (Зогр., Мар., Остром., Супр.), болг. оте́ц, сербохорв. о̀тац, род. п. о̀ца, словен. óčе, -étа (от зв. *оtьčе), чеш., слвц. оtес, польск. оjсiес, в.-луж. wótc, wóćec, н.-луж. wóśc.
Further etymology: Праслав. *оtьсь из *оtьkъ, производного от *оtъ "отец", которое предполагается на основе др.-русск., цслав. отьнь "отчий" (Мейе, Ét. 382), а также диал. о́тик "самец животного", олонецк. (Кулик.), отёк "отец", ряз. (РФВ 28, 60); см. также Гуйер, LF 55, 360. Ср. греч. ἄττα "отец", лат. аttа, гот. atta "отец", алб. аt, ирл. aite "опекун, воспитатель", хетт. аttаš "отец" (Фридрих, Неth. Wb. 38), осет. ædа "папа, отец", также др.-инд. attā "мать, старшая сестра матери". Распространенное слово детской речи, которое в слав. заменило и.-е. *pǝtēr; см. Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 5; Мейе--Вайан 133; Гофман, Gr. Wb. 27; Мейе, МSL 20, 6; Вей, ВSL 32, 66; Вальде--Гофман 1, 77. В Передней Азии тоже распространено аttа; см. Фридрих, там же. Нет ни малейшего основания, вопреки Шахматову (AfslPh 33, 91), для предположения о заимствовании из ирл. aithech, аthесh "мужчина из состоятельного слоя общества"; см. Фасмер, RS 6, 194 и сл.
Trubachev's comments: [См. специально Трубачев, Терм. родства, стр. 25 и сл. -- Т.]
Pages: 3,170
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ʔVṭV
Meaning: elder relative
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ĕ́t`è
Meaning: elder relative
Russian meaning: старший родственник
Comments: Цинциус 1972a, 37-40. Poppe 51, 56, АПиПЯЯ 296, Дыбо 6; a weak attempt of disproving the etymology see in TMN 1, 188. A "nursery" word, represented in all Altaic subgroups. Ramstedt (KW 129) compares the Mong. form with Turk. *eči / *eče 'elder brother', but it is obviously closer related to *ata (Mong. *eči-ge = Turk. *ete-ke / *ata-ka). The form *ete-k`e, reflected in Turkic, Mongolian and Tungus, is probably an archaic diminutive, and Doerfer's (TMN 2, 9) attempt to treat the Turk. form as a compound ata 'Vater' + äkä 'älteres Geschwister' is certainly faulty. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Ata / *Ete
Meaning: 1 father 2 uncle 3 ancestor
Russian meaning: 1 отец 2 дядя 3 предок
Old Turkic: ata 1 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: ata, ataqɨ 1 (MK) Turkish: ata 3, dial. ede 2
Tatar: ata, eti 1, etkej 2
Uzbek: ɔta 1
Uighur: ata 1, 3
Sary-Yughur: ata 1
Azerbaidzhan: ata 1
Turkmen: ata 'father's father'
Khakassian: ada 1
Oyrat: ada 1, 3
Tuva: a'da 1
Tofalar: ada 1, 3
Kirghiz: ata 1, 3
Kazakh: ata 1
Noghai: ata 1, 'male'
Bashkir: ata 1, 'male'
Balkar: ata 1
Karaim: ata 3
Karakalpak: ata 3
Kumyk: ata 1
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *ečige
Meaning: father
Russian meaning: отец
Written Mongolian: ečige (L 292) Middle Mongolian: ečige (HY 28, SH), eče (SH), ičigä (MA) Khalkha: eceg
Buriat: esege
Kalmuck: ecǝgǝ
Ordos: ečige
Comments: KW 129, TMN 1, 187. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)eti-
Meaning: 1 old man 2 father-in-law
Russian meaning: 1 старик 2 тесть, свекор
Evenki: eti-rkēn 1, etkī 2
Even: eti-kēn 1, etki 2
Negidal: eti-xen 1, etkī 2
Solon: etikkē̃ 1
Comments: See ТМС 2, 469 (one should note that many forms listed there, like Man. ečike etc., are later mongolisms, see Doerfer MT 117, Rozycki 66). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *àtắ
Meaning: man
Russian meaning: мужчина
Middle Korean: àtắ
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *tǝtǝ, *ti
Meaning: 1 father 2 uncle
Russian meaning: 1 отец 2 дядя
Old Japanese: ti / titi 1, wo-di 2
Middle Japanese: toto, tìtí 1, wo-di 2
Tokyo: chichí, o-tṓ-san 1, òji 2
Kyoto: chìchí, ò-tṓ-sàn 1, ójí 2
Kagoshima: chichí, o-tō-sán 1, ójì 2
Comments: JLTT 514, 547. Accent reconstruction is difficult because of irregular transformations and reduplications (a nursery word). japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *átai
Meaning : female relative (father's sister; grandmother)
Proto-South Dravidian: *ata- Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ata Notes : The meaning 'father' (somewhat expectable from a root like ata-) is actually present in Tamil and Malayalam, but nowhere else in Dravidian. The archaicness of this meaning in Tamil cannot be excluded; more probable, however, is the idea that in Tamil the word has developed a parallel masculine stem by analogy with *ápa- q. v. (the latter does have 'masculine' meanings outside of Tamil). // Present in 4/6 branches. dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *ata-
Meaning : father; elder relative
Tamil : attan_
Tamil meaning : father, elder, person of rank or eminence
Tamil derivates : attai, attaicār father's sister, mother-in-law, woman of rank or eminence; attān_ elder sister's husband; father's sister's son, maternal uncle's son when elder, wife's brother when elder; attācci elder brother's wife, husband's sister; attimpēr elder sister's husband; father's sister's husband; atti elder sister; attō excl. of wonder; tattai elder sister
Malayalam : atta
Malayalam meaning : mother, mother's sister
Malayalam derivates : attan father
Kannada : atte, atti
Kannada meaning : mother-in-law
Kannada derivates : sōdar-atte, sōdar-atti father's sister, mother's brother's wife; attike elder sister; attige elder brother's wife
Tulu : attè
Tulu meaning : mother-in-law, aunt
Tulu derivates : attigè elder brother's wife
Notes : Two basic stems can be reconstructed for PSDR: *ata-n 'father' and *ata-i 'father's sister; mother-in-law'. However, the former is not really met outside of the Tamil-Malayalam area.
Number in DED : 0142
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *atta
Meaning : mother-in-law, father's sister, maternal uncle's wife
Telugu : atta
Number in DED : 142
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ata
Meaning : father's sister
Naikri : atiak (pl. -ev)
Naiki : ato bāy
Ollari Gadba : āta
Kondekor Gadba : atta
Notes : The Naikri-Naiki forms are somewhat unclear (what is Naiki bāy?)
Number in DED : 142
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-naiki,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-s_3,kogaet-notes,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *at-
Meaning : female relative
Notes : Vowel length in Gondi is not quite clear, maybe expressive (such a lengthening does happen sometimes in relation terms).
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *āti
Meaning : father's sister
Betul Gondi : ātī
Number in DED : 142
Number in CVOTGD : 127
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *ata
Meaning : grandmother
Kui : ata (atali)
Kuwi (Schulze) : atta "aunt"
Kuwi (Israel) : atu
Number in DED : 142
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *ata, *ata-ata
Meaning: father
Russian meaning: отец
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 49
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *ata, *ata-ata
Meaning: father 1, owner 2, paternal uncle 3
Russian Meaning: отец 1, хозяин 2, дядя по отцу 3
Sirenik: ata 1, atánǝχ 2, atata 3
Chaplino: atā, áta* 1, atānǝq (ʁǝt) 'head of family', atáta 3
Naukan: atá 1, atánʁ-ilŋúq 'independent', atáta 3
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: ata 1, atanǝq (ʁ) 'boss, lord', atāta, atāq 3
Central Alaskan Yupik: ā̆ta 1, atanǝq 2, atāta 3
Nunivak (Peripheral): atti* 3sg. 1
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 49, 50
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-cay,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *aata, *ạta-ata, *ata-nǝʁ
Meaning: father 1, boss, lord 2, grandfather 3
Russian meaning: отец 1, хозяин, господин 2, дед 3
Seward Peninsula Inupik: ata 1, ataniq 2, atāta 1
SPI Dialects: Imaq āta 'paternal uncle', W atāta* (āk, ąt) [Jen.] 1
North Alaskan Inupik: atanɨq (ʁ) 2, atāta 3
NAI Dialects: B atātaq* 3 [Jen.], Mal (a)tāta 1, Qaw atātakšaq 'stepfather'
Western Canadian Inupik: ataniq 2
WCI Dialects: Sig atātak 3, Cop atātattiaq 3, Car atātatsiaq 3, Cor atāta* [Jen.] 3
Eastern Canadian Inupik: atāta 1, ataniq 'king'
ECI Dialects: Tar atātatsiaq 'great uncle', Lab atātsiak 3, SB atātatsiaq 3
Greenlandic Inupik: ātak, ātaq (âtaq*) 3, atāta (atâtaq*) 1
GRI Dialects: NG atātak 3, atātaššaq 'stepfather'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 49, 50
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-ecis,inupet-gri,inupet-gris,inupet-ced,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVTV
Meaning : elder male relative, father
Sino-Caucasian : NC *dājV
Amerind (misc.) : ? *taq 'maternal uncle' (R 804) [+ A] African (misc.) : Bantu *-tààtá 'father'.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-afr,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *tVy- (?)
Meaning: father, chief
Notes: Scarce data.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-brb,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-ech,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 30
Proto-Semitic: *kumir-
Meaning: 'priest'
Akkadian: kumru OA, Mari
Phoenician: kmr
Hebrew: komär
Aramaic: kmr
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-phn,semet-hbr,semet-arm,
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Berber etymology :
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Proto-Berber: *tVy-
Meaning: 'step-father'
Ahaggar (Tahaggart): tey
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-ahg,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: ỉty
Meaning: (OK) 'father, monarch, prince'
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *tata-
Meaning: 'father'
Pero: táttà [FrP]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-per,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *tV
Meaning: 'big' 1, '(my) father' 2,'father' 3
Gabri: tā-ta 1 [Luk87]
Migama: yâtā f., táttà m. , táattà pl. 1, *tat-/*tatti- 2 [JJg]
Mubi: tatu LL2 [Alio]
Kajakse: tat- 3 [Alio]
Notes: the word 'father' in some Ch languages can not be used without a poss. pronoun
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-gbr,echet-mig,echet-mub,echet-kaj,echet-notes,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *tá
Meaning: father
Austroasiatic meaning: grandfather
Proto-Austronesian: *tata
Austronesian meaning: elder male relative
Proto-Thai: ta.A mother's father
austr-meaning,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-tai,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ta
Meaning: grandfather
Thai: ta.A mother's father
Proto-Khmu: *taʔ
References: S-139
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kmr,aaet-vim,aaet-mon,aaet-pawa,aaet-kmu,aaet-bib,
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Khmer etymology :
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Khmer: ta:
Old Khmer: ta:, ʔta:
Old Khmer Meaning: an elderly man; grand-father
References: P215
kmret-prnum,kmret-okh,kmret-okmean,kmret-ref,
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Viet-Muong etymology :
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Proto-Viet-Muong:
Meaning: maternal grandfather
Proto-Ruc: *ta.1
Ruc (Russian field rec.): ta:.1
Ruc (Lo'i's rec.): ta:.1
Ruc (Ferlus' rec.): ta:.1
Ruc meaning: maternal grandfather
Thavung-So: ta:C.1
Thavung-So meaning: elderly man (addr.t.)
References: NTF29, NVL154
vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,vimet-prru,vimet-rucr,vimet-rucl,vimet-rntf,vimet-rucme,vimet-so,vimet-some,vimet-bib,
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Monic etymology :
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Proto-Monic:
Meaning: father
Modern Mon: ta
Old Mon: ta
References: S-139
monet-meaning,monet-prnum,monet-word,monet-om,monet-bib,
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Palaung-Wa etymology :
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Proto-Palaung-Wa: *taʔ
Meaning: father's father
Riang: tâʔ.1
Riang meaning: grandfather
Lamet: ta:ʔ.1
Danaw: tA.1 grandfather
pawaet-meaning,pawaet-prnum,pawaet-prwa,pawaet-prpl,pawaet-prde,pawaet-riang,pawaet-rimeam,pawaet-pran,pawaet-lamet,pawaet-danaw,
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Wa etymology :
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Proto-Wa: *taʔ
Meaning: father's father
Paraok: taʔ
Paraok meaning: father's father
Ava: taʔ
Lawa: taʔ, teʔ
Lawa meaning: father's father
Um: taʔ
Wa (dial.): taʔ.1
Wa (dial.) meaning: father's father
References: D-100: *taʔ; P-189: *taʔ.1
prwaet-meaning,prwaet-prnum,prwaet-praok,prwaet-praokme,prwaet-mas,prwaet-lawa,prwaet-lawame,prwaet-um,prwaet-gs,prwaet-gsme,prwaet-bib,
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Plang etymology :
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Proto-Plang: *taʔ
Meaning: father's father
Bulang: taʔ.1
Bulang meaning: father's father
Konto: taʔ.1
Konto meaning: grandfather
Samtao (Paulsen): taʔ.1
Samtao (Paulsen) meaning: grandfather
Samtao (Diffloth): taʔ.T, ʔa-
Samtao (Diffloth) meaning: father's father
References: P-189: *taʔ.1
prplet-meaning,prplet-prnum,prplet-mane,prplet-manme,prplet-kont,prplet-kontme,prplet-sap,prplet-sapme,prplet-sad,prplet-sadme,prplet-bib,
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De'ang etymology :
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Proto-De'ang: *tVk
Meaning: father's father
De'ang: taʔ ʔɔ:k; WW: tɛ ʔâk
De'ang-1: da
De'ang-2: ta.2
References: WW-320
prdeet-meaning,prdeet-prnum,prdeet-dea,prdeet-dea1,prdeet-dea3,prdeet-bibl,
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Angku etymology :
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Proto-Angku: *taʔ
Meaning: father's father
Pangpin: thaʔ.55, -ʔɔk.13
Gantang: tha.55
U: tha.2
References: WW-320; S-108
pranet-meaning,pranet-prnum,pranet-phu,pranet-ph2,pranet-u,pranet-bib,
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