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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *jikēn, *jikila-z, -ula-z
Meaning: icicle
Old Norse: jaki m. `Eiszapfen, -stück', jɔkull m. `Eis, Gletscher'
Norwegian: jökel; dial. jak(e); jökul, jukul
Old Swedish: ikil
Swedish: jökel
Old Danish: egle `Eiszapfen'
Old English: gicel, -es m. `icicle'
English: icicle (< īses gicel)
Middle Low German: OLG ichilla `stiria'
Low German: īs-jack, īs-hekel, jäkel `Eiszapfen'
Old High German: ichil `stiria'
German: schweiz. jäch `Reif, gedrorener Tau auf Bäumen', gicht (= gejicht)
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-mlg,germet-lg,germet-ohg,germet-hg,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *eig'-
Meaning: ice-floe, icicle
Hittite: eka- n. 'Eis?', ekuna-, ikuna- 'kalt' (Tischler 103, 105)
Celtic: MIr aig, gen. ega f. `Eis'; Cymr iā m. `Eis', iaen `glacicula'; OCorn iey gl. `glaties', iein gl. `frigus'; MCorn yeyn, yen `kalt'; Bret ien `kalt'
Russ. meaning: льдина, сосулька
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: икра́
Near etymology: III. "льдина", диал. -- ряз., тамб., сарат. (РФВ 66, 205), также кры́га -- то же, севск. (Преобр.), укр. iкра, др.-чеш. kra, чеш., польск. krа -- то же.
Further etymology: Сомнительно сравнение с авест. аеχа- "лед, мороз", нов.-перс. уеχ "лед" (Бернекер 1, 424; Преобр. I, 268). Брюкнер (KZ 44, 33) возводит это слово вместе с икра́ I и II к общему к. со знач. "ком, опухоль"; ср. также Соболевский, ЖМНП, 1886, сент., стр. 147. Ср. кри́ца.
Pages: 2,126
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *eĩǯ-iā̃, *eĩǯ-ia- c., *iǯ-ā̂ f., *iǯ-a- c.
Meaning: icicle
Lithuanian: ižà, ìža-s `Eisscholle', pl. ìžōs `Grund-, Treibeis'
Lettish: ìeze2 `Eisspalte', ìezis `Sandfels, felsenartige Sandlagerung, besonders an Flussufern, Gestein'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 773
Root: i̯eg-
English meaning: ice
German meaning: `Eis'
General comments: nur germ. und kelt.
Material: Altnord. jaki m. (*ekan- < *jekan-) `Eisstück', vgl. schweiz. jäch, gicht (= gejicht) `Reif, gefrorener Tau auf Bäumen'; demin. Bildung altnord. jǫkull m. `herabhängender Eiszapfen, Gletscher'; ags. gicel(a) m. `Eiszapfen, Eisscholle', engl. icicle = ags. īses gicel, anord. ichilla `stiria', ndd. īshekel, jäkel `Eiszapfen' (mnd. jokele ds. dürfte aus dem Nord. stammen); ahd. ihilla (= *jichilla) `stiria'; mir. aig f. (Gen. ega) `Eis' (*i̯egi-s), cymr. iā m. ds., iaen (*i̯eginā) `glacicula', acorn. iey gl. glaties, iein gl. frigus, mcorn. yeyn, yen `kalt', br. ien `kalt'.
Das a in mir. aig ist aus e vor palat. g entstanden, das a in den brit. Formen hingegen durch den Wandel von anlaut. je- zu ja- zu erklären; vgl. unter i̯et-;
über hitt. e-ku-na-š `kalt' vgl. Pedersen Hitt. 171.
References: WP. I 206; Schweiz. Idiotikon II 112 f., 1120, III 5, IV 1010.
Pages: 503
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ńVńkV
Meaning: ice, cold
References: МССНЯ 346; ND 2638 *yäŋ(g)E 'ice; to freeze' (Ur. + Turk. + incorr. Ko.). nostret-meaning,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ńi̯oŋe
Meaning: cold
Russian meaning: холодный
Comments: A Western isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *jEŋ
Meaning: frazil
Russian meaning: шуга, наледь
Khakassian: neŋ
Oyrat: ńeŋ (dial.)
Tuva: čeŋ
Comments: VEWT 197 (if not < unattested South.-Sam.?) turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-tuv,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *ǯiŋ-de-
Meaning: to suffer from cold
Russian meaning: страдать от холода
Written Mongolian: ǯiŋ-de- 3 (L 1057: ǯiŋgine-) Khalkha: ǯindi-, ǯiŋgene- 3
Ordos: ǯiŋ 'frost'
Shary-Yoghur: ǯiŋgene-
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-yuy,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ńeŋde- / *ńuŋde-
Meaning: 1 cold 2 clear, frosty (weather)
Russian meaning: 1 холодный 2 ясный, морозный
Evenki: ńeŋdelē 2
Ulcha: nụŋdụlị 1
Orok: nuŋduli 1
Nanai: noŋǯị-sị 1
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 173
Proto: *jäŋe
English meaning: ice
German meaning: Eis
Finnish: jää 'Eis'
Estonian: jää
Saam (Lapp): jiegŋâ -ŋ- (N) 'ice; glacier', jiekŋa (L), jīññ (T Kld.), jieññ (Not.) 'Eis'
Mordovian: ej, ev, eŋ, ij (E), jäj, äj (M)
Mari (Cheremis): i (KB U), ij (B)
Udmurt (Votyak): je̮ (S G), d́ȯ (K)
Komi (Zyrian): ji̮ (S P), ji (Peč.), ju̇ (PO)
Khanty (Ostyak): jöŋk (V), jeŋk (DN), joŋk (O); jĕŋk (V Vj. Trj. DN), jĭŋk (Ni. Kaz.), jiŋk (O) 'Wasser'
Mansi (Vogul): ĺǟŋ (TJ), jɔ̄̈ŋk (KU), jāŋk (P So.)
Hungarian: jég (acc. jeget, dial. gyég' 'Eis, Hagel'
Proto-Samoyed: *jaŋ-ka
Sammalahti's version: *jäŋi
K. Reshetnikov's notes: The Sam. word still seems to belong here. It is not difficult at all to explain its meaning ('ice hole', although FU has only 'ice' (> 'water' and 'hail' in Ug.)), especially if we consider that it is a derivative. A real problem remaining unsolved is the back vowel of the first syllable in Sam. (a result of some specific process caused by the suffixation and/or by positional features?).
References: FUV; MUSz. 143; Donn. VglWb. 364; SKES; SzófSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.; Paas. Beitr. 25-26; Collinder Comp. Gr. 64, 127, 390
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-smd,uralet-samm2,uralet-reshet,uralet-lit,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *nāl_- (*-n-)
Meaning : wet; cold
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *Nān- Proto-North Dravidian : *nānj- Notes : Assimilation with initial n-? External data, however, points to an original *-n-.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *nāl_-
Meaning : wet
Tamil : nan_ai (-v-, -nt-)
Tamil meaning : to become wet, be moistened, soaked
Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to wet, moisten, soak; nan_aivu wet, moisture, humidity; nan_-cey wet lands, wet cultivation; nāntu (nānti-) to become wet; nāntal cloudiness, cloudy weather, dampness
Malayalam : nana
Malayalam meaning : moisture, irrigation
Malayalam derivates : nanayuka to become wet, be moist, be soaked; nanaccal, nanappu, nanavu wetness; nanekka to wet, soak, irrigate; nāntuka to become wet
Kannada : nane, nene
Kannada meaning : to become wet, moist or soaked
Kannada derivates : nanasu, nenasu to make wet, moisten; naneha becoming wet, wetness, dampness; nān (nānd-) to get wet, moist, damp, soaked; nādu to moisten, wet, soak, steep, cool; nāndu to make damp, cool, etc., liquefy, dissolve, melt; (?) nār_u to moisten, wet; (Hav.) nāṇu to lose crispness; nāṇaṭe a cake that has lost its crispness
Kodagu : nele- (nelev-, neland-)
Kodagu meaning : (person) gets wet
Kodagu derivates : nelat- (nelati-) to wet (thing or person); nela- (nelap-, nelat-) to wash (clothes); (Shanmugam) nelap washing (clothes); nena to wet; nenap wetting
Tulu : naṇè
Tulu meaning : wet, moist
Tulu derivates : nanepini, nanepuni, naneyuni, nanevuni to be moist, wet, damp; naneri wet rice
Number in DED : 3630
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *nā̆n-
Meaning : wet
Kota : nanv- (nand-) "to become wet so as to be softened"
Toda : nōl- (nōd_-) "to get wet in rain, (roof) leaks"
Additional forms : Also Kota nant- (nanty-) to wet thoroughly so as to soften; nān- (nānd_-) to become wet in rain; nānc- (nānc-) to make to be wetted; nāt- (nāty-) to make to become wet in rain; Toda nōt_- (nōt_y-) to make to get wet in rain
Notes : Toda -l- is irregular, but finds confirmation in Kod. nele. Thus, assimilation in Kota (and other SDR languages) is not excluded.
Number in DED : 3630
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *nān-
Meaning : to soak, be steeped
Telugu : nānu
Additional forms : Also [1] nānucu, [2] nāncu to soak, steep; nānuḍu moist, wet, soaked, steeped; [1] nānupu, [2] nānpu soaking; vb. to bleach; nanja wet land, land cultivated by artificial irrigation
Number in DED : 3630
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *Nān-
Meaning : soaked
Kondekor Gadba : nān-ēr- "to be soaked"
Number in DED : 3630
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-s_3,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *nānd-
Meaning : to get wet
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *nānd- (caus. *nāh-)
Meaning : to be or get wet
Betul Gondi : nāndānā
Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : nāndānā
Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : nāndānā
Seoni Gondi : nānd-
Koya Gondi : nānd-
Yeotmal Gondi : nān-
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : nāndānā
Additional forms : Also caus. Gondi_Tr, Gondi_W, Gondi_Ph nāhtānā, Gondi_Tr nāndstānā, Gondi_A (SR) nāhānā to wet, soak; Gondi_Y, Gondi_G, Gondi_Mu, Gondi_Ma (S), Gondi_S nāh-, Gondi_MA nāʔ-, Gondi_Ko nā/h/- to make wet
Number in DED : 3630
Number in CVOTGD : 1960
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_w,gonet-gondi_ph,gonet-gondi_s,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_y,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *nānj-
Meaning : cold season
Malto : nān_ye
Number in DED : 3630
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-mlt,ndret-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *nǝŋɫi-, *-ŋl-
Meaning: cold, cool
Russian meaning: холодный, прохладный
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 228
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *nǝŋɫi (-aʁ-), *nǝŋlǝ-
Meaning: frost, cold 1, to be cold 2, to cool off, to feel cold (person) 3
Russian Meaning: мороз, холод 1, холодный 2, замерзать, чувствовать холод (о человеке) 3
Sirenik: //nǝŋcǝpa-ɫǝɣǝt(ǝ)- 'not have cooling down yet' [Rub.]
Chaplino: nǝŋlǝ́kǝq (χǝt) 1, nǝŋlīquq 2, naŋɫáʁnatun adv. 2, naŋɫáχtaquq 3, naŋɫáχsiʁáqā 'to chill'
Naukan: nǝnɫí 1, nǝnɫítuqáq 2
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: nǝŋɫiq 'cold weather'
Chugach (AAY): nǝŋɫinaʁ- 2
Central Alaskan Yupik: nǝŋla (nǝŋlǝ-) 1, nǝŋɫa 'coolness cool breeze', nǝŋɫi(u)ʁ- 2 (weather), nǝŋɫi- 'cooled down (food)', naŋɫaʁ- 3
Nunivak (Peripheral): niŋlinaχ* 1, //'spring of cool water', nǝŋɫǝʁ- 2 (liquid), nǝŋɫaʁ- 'cooled down (food)', ? nǝŋtǝ- 3
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 228
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-chug,yupet-cay,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *nǝɣli-, *nǝɣla-
Meaning: to cool off 1, cold, cool 2
Russian meaning: остывать 1, холодный, прохладный 2
Seward Peninsula Inupik: niɣli- 1, niɣlina(q)- 2
SPI Dialects: Imaq niʁlínaqtoq* 1
North Alaskan Inupik: nɨɣli-, nɨɣlaq- 1, nɨɣĺińaq- 2
NAI Dialects: B niɣʎaqtoq* 2, Ingl niɣʎinaqtoq* 2
Western Canadian Inupik: niɣlaq 'coolness', niɣlaq- 1, niɣlinaq- 2
WCI Dialects: Cor, M niɣʎaqtoq* 2, Net niɣliqtuq 2 (water) [Ras.]
Eastern Canadian Inupik: nilli- 1, nilla(q)- 'to become colder', nillasuk- 'to have become colder (house)'
ECI Dialects: NBI niɣlasuk- 2, Iti nilluti- 'to become colder'
Greenlandic Inupik: nigdlarpoq* 2 [Jen.], niɫɫiq 'coldness', niɫɫiʁ- 2 (to touch), niɫɫuʁ- 'to have become cold', niɫɫaʁ- 'to have cooled down (person)'
GRI Dialects: NG niɣlaq- 'to cool down (air in evening)'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 228
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-ecis,inupet-gri,inupet-gris,inupet-ced,
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