Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *furxtīn, -ō; *furxta-; *furxtian- vb., *furxtōn- vb.

Meaning: fear, frighten

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: fɔrht-s (a) `fearful, afraid'; *fɔrhtjan sik `be afraid'

Old English: fryhtu, -e f., fyrhto (fyrhtu), -e f. `fear, fright, dread, terror, trembling'; forht `fearful, timid, affrighted; terrible, dreadful, formidable'; { forhtian, fryhta }

English: fright; frighten

Old Frisian: fruchte; fruchta vb.

Old Saxon: forhta `Furcht', forht `furchtsam'; forhtian

Middle Dutch: vrucht `vrees'; vruchten

Old Franconian: forhta; forhton, forhtan, forhtin

Middle Low German: vruchte; vrüchten

Old High German: for(a)hta `Furcht' (8.Jh.), got-for(a)ht `furchtsam'; furhten, for(a)hten

Middle High German: vorcht st. m. 'furcht', vorht(e) st. f. 'furcht, angst, besorgnis'; vürhten, vurhten, vörhten, vorhten wk. intr. 'furcht, angst, besorgnis empfinde', tr. 'fürchten'

German: Furcht

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *perg-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: fear

Tokharian: A, B pärsk- (PT *pär(k)-sk-) 'feel fear, be fraid' (Adams 375)

Armenian: erkiuɫ `Furcht', erknčim `ich fürchte'; erk `Mühe, Beschwerde, Kummer'

Germanic: *furx-t-ō f., *furx-t-īn-, -ō f.; *furxt-a- adj.; *furx-t-ia- vb., *furx-t-ō- vb.

Russ. meaning: страх

References: WP II 48

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1493

Root: perg-2

English meaning: fear, to fear

German meaning: `Furcht, sich fürchten'?

Material: Got. fauŕhrtei, ags. fyrhtu f. `Furcht'; got. faurhts, ahd. as. for(a)ht, ags. forht `furchtsam'; ahd. as. forhta `Furcht'; got. faurhtjan, ahd. furhten, for(a)hten `fürchten'; vielleicht zu toch. А В pärsk-, A prask-, В prāsk- `fürchten', A praski, В prosko, proskye `Furcht' (-sk- aus -k-sk-).

References: WP. II 48, Holthausen Altengl. etym. Wb. 112.

Pages: 820

PIE database: PIE database

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṗVrV

Meaning: afraid, fear

Indo-European: *perg-

Altaic: *p`i̯ŭ̀ri (cf. also *pĕ́ŕe ( ~ -i) 1630)

Dravidian: *pēṛ-

References: ND 1793 *ṗu/ürVḲV 'to be startled, scared, fear' (differ. Drav. + Sem. + isolated Cush., Chad.).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *p`i̯ŭ̀ri

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be afraid, angry

Russian meaning: бояться, сердиться

Mongolian: *hurin

Tungus-Manchu: *purkē-

Japanese: *pìrù-m-

Comments: Because of the loss of initial *p`- in Turk. the root may interfere with *ṑr(e)kV q. v.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *hurin

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: anger

Russian meaning: гнев

Written Mongolian: urin (L 884)

Khalkha: urin

Buriat: uri gari bološohon 'to be in bad spirits'

Kalmuck: uŕṇ

Dongxian: xō

Baoan: hor

Comments: KW 451.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *purkē-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to be bored 2 to be angry

Russian meaning: 1 скучать, тосковать 2 сердиться

Evenki: hurkē- 1

Even: hörken- 1

Literary Manchu: fuḱe-, fuče- 2

Oroch: xokkosi-

Udighe: xokoho (adv.)

Comments: ТМС 2, 45, 353.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *pìrù-m-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to retreat frightened, to run away

Russian meaning: в страхе отступать перед ч.-л., бежать от ч.-л.

Middle Japanese: fìrù-m-

Tokyo: hirúm-

Kyoto: hírúm-

Kagoshima: hìrùm-

Comments: JLTT 690.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *pēẓ-

Meaning : to fear

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *pēẓ-

Proto-Telugu : *pel-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *pēẓ-

Meaning : afraid; fear

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : pēẓkaṇi (-pp-, -tt-)

Tamil meaning : to be afraid

Kannada : peḷagu

Kannada meaning : fear, alarm

Kannada derivates : peḷar_ to tremble, fear; n. fear, alarm; peḷar_isu to cause to fear, frighten; peḷpaḷisu, beḷpaḷisu to tremble, fear

Tulu : perci

Tulu meaning : shying, starting suddenly

Tulu derivates : percuni to shy, start aside suddenly

Number in DED : 4419

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *pel-

Meaning : to fear, be alarmed

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : pelukur_u

Number in DED : 4419

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