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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *spiru, *spira-n, *sparu-z, *sparra-n; *sparrēn
Meaning: spear
Old Norse: pl. spjɔr n. `Speer'; spɔr-r m. `Speer', sparr n. `Speer'; sparri m. `Sparren, Balken, Pflock'
Norwegian: spjör; sparre
Swedish: spärr; sparre
Old Danish: spiär `Speer; Sonde'
Danish: sparre
Old English: spere, -es n. `spear, lance, pike, javelin'
English: spear
Old Frisian: spiri, spere, sper
Old Saxon: sper
Middle Dutch: speere m., f., n.
Dutch: speer f.
Middle Low German: spēr(e)
Old High German: sper n. (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: spër st. n., m. 'speer', { spar, spare n. }
German: Speer m.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *spar- / -e-
Meaning: spear
Latin: sparus, -ī m.; sparum, -ī n. `kurzer Speer des Landvolkes als Jagd- und dürftige Kriegswaffe'
Russ. meaning: копье
References: WP II 665 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḳudV
Meaning: skin, skin covering
nostret-meaning,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *k`ùdì
Meaning: a k. of skin working instrument; worked skin
Russian meaning: вид инструмента для обработки шкур; обработанная шкура
Comments: In Turkic *kidiŕ < *küdiŕ (with secondary vowel assimilation); otherwise correspondences are regular.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *kidiŕ
Meaning: felt
Russian meaning: войлок
Old Turkic: kidiz (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: kiδiz (MK, KB) Turkish: kijiz, kejiz (dial.)
Tatar: kijez
Uzbek: kigiz
Uighur: kigiz
Turkmen: kīz
Khakassian: kīs
Oyrat: kijis
Tuva: kidis
Kirghiz: kijiz
Kazakh: kijiz
Noghai: kijiz
Bashkir: kejeδ
Balkar: kijiz
Karakalpak: kijiz, kijgiz (dial.)
Kumyk: kijiz
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *ködü-sü
Meaning: worked sheep skin
Russian meaning: обработанная овчина
Written Mongolian: ködüsü(n) (L 478) Khalkha: xödös
Buriat: xüdehe(n) 'sheepskin, unworked leather'
Ordos: ködösü
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-ord,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xude-kī
Meaning: board for cutting skins; a stick for sewing
Russian meaning: доска для резки шкур; палочка для придерживания шитья
Evenki: udekī
Even: udeki
Negidal: udexi
Ulcha: xude
Orok: xude(n)
Nanai: xudẽ
Oroch: udeki
Udighe: udexi (Корм. 300) tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kùtùpìkì
Meaning: a k. of loom
Russian meaning: вид ткацкого станка
Old Japanese: kutupjikji
Middle Japanese: kùtùfìkì
Comments: JLTT 468 (but the connection with kutu 'shoe' is probably folk-etymological). japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 380
Proto: *kuδjV
English meaning: cover, case
German meaning: Decke, Umschlag
Saam (Lapp): guđ'jo -đj- ~ gul'jo -llj- (N) 'cover, case, tarpaulin', kur'jō (L) 'Umschlag, Verpackung, Überzug', koδ̄ɣa (Ko. P) 'Lastdecke (im Lappenschlitten)' ( > Finn. dial. kurja 'Umschlag, Verpackung, Decke', kulju 'Reisedecke, Bedeckung') ?
Enets (Yen): koðei, koðoi (Ch.), kôre, kůre (B) 'Decke'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-enc,
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