Germanic etymology : List with all references

Change viewing parameters
Select another database

Germanic etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Germanic: *altian- vb.

Meaning: drive, press

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: elta wk. `treiben, jagen; kneten'

Norwegian: elta

Swedish: älta

Danish: älte

germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,

Search within this database

Indo-European etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-IE: *ela- <PIH *H->

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to move, to drive

Hittite: halai- (II) 'in Bewegung setzen' (nach unten?) (Tischler 126); halija- (I) 'niederknien, niederfallen', caus. halinu- (Tischler 130)

Old Indian: iyarti `to go, move', med. ī́rte `to go, move, rise, go away, retire'

Avestan: gath. īratū `er soll sich erheben'

Armenian: elanem `komme heraus, steige hinauf', eɫanim `werde'

Old Greek: iállō, aor. iǟ́lai̯ `absenden, ausstrecken'; *élami (arg. pot-elátō, ko. elántō), eláō, eláu̯nō, aor. elás(s)ai̯, pf, med. elǟ́laka, aor. pass. ela(s)thē̂nai̯ `treiben, stossen, schmieden', élasi-s `Zug, Heerzug, Ritt, Vertreibund usw.', ? élatro-n `flacher Kuchen', elatḗr `Treiber, Wagenlenker', `flacher Kuchen', elátǟ-s `Treiber', elató- `geschmeidig, getrieben'

Germanic: *al-t-ia- vb.

Russ. meaning: двигать, гнать

References: WP I 155 f

piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

Search within this database

Pokorny's dictionary :

Search within this database

Number: 467

Root: el-6, elǝ- : lā-; el-eu-(dh-)

English meaning: to drive; to move, go

German meaning: `treiben, in Bewegung setzen; sich bewegen, gehen'

Material: Arm. eɫanim `ich werde', Aor. 1. Sg. eɫē (*eɫei), 2. Sg. eɫer, 3. Sg. eɫeu-, elanem `ich steige hinauf, komme heraus', 3. Sg. Aor. el; dazu eluzi `j'ai fait monter' (*el-ou-ghe-), danach eluzanem `je fais sortir';

gr. ἐλα- im Imper. koisch ἐλάτω, Fut. ἐλα̃ντι (*ἐλαοντι), Aor. ἐλάσαντες und poet. ἐλάω `treibe'; suppletiv zu ἄγω (s. unten kelt. el-), Fut. att. ἐλω̃, Aor. ἤλασα; meist ἐλαύνω `treibe, fahre' (von einem Nomen *ἐλα-υν-ος, Brugmann Grundriß II, 1, 321);

mit dh-Erweiterung `kommen': Aor. ἦλθον (aus ἤλυθον), daraus dor. usw. ἦνθον; Perf. hom. εἰλήλουθα, att. ἐλήλυθα; Fut. ion. ἐλεύσομαι; über Perf. ἐλήλυμεν (*elu-), Adjekt. προσ-ήλυτος `einer, der kommt', ἔπηλυς, -υδος ds., s. Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 704², 769⁷;

man stellt noch hierher ἰάλλω `schicke, werfe' (*i-_el-i̯ō), Aor. hom. ἴηλα, dor. ἴηλα (Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 648, 717); aber ai. íyarti `er erregt' gehört eher zu er-1;

air. luid `ging' (*ludh-e), 3. Pl. lotar (*ludh-ont-r̥); wie im Gr. wird im Kelt. aĝ- `treiben' durch el- suppliert, womit aber zum Teil auch die Wurzel pel- `pellō' (s. dort) zusammengefallen ist, so gewiß im air. Fut. eblaid `wird treiben' (aus *pi-plā-s-e-ti), Fut. sek. di-eblad `würde entreißen' ; el- erscheint im Brit. nur im Konjunktiv: Präs. 1. Sg. mcymr. el(h)wyf, 3. Sg.el, Corn. 1. Sg. yllyf, 3. Sg. ello, mbr. 3. Sg. me a y-el `ich werde gehen' (das у ist hiatustilgend; lh und ll gehen auf l + intervok. s zurück); vielleicht hierher die gall. FlN Elaver > Elaris > frz. Allier (*еlǝ-u̯er- : *elǝ-u̯en-, s. oben ἐλαύνω) und Elantia > nhd. Elz;

vielleicht dazu als no-Partizip (??) ags. lane, -u f. `Gasse, Weg', anord. lǫn `Häuserreihe', usw. Über anord. elta `drücken, verfolgen, forttreiben' (*alatjan?) s. Falk-Тогp m. Nachtr.

References: WP. I 155 f., Meillet BSL. 26, 6 f., Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 213, 507, 521⁴, 681 f.

Pages: 306-307

PIE database: PIE database

pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

Search within this database

Nostratic etymology :

Search within this database

Eurasiatic: *HalV

Meaning: below

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *ʔĕlʌ- ?

Altaic: *ale

Uralic: *ala (cf. also *lE)

Dravidian: *el- (?)

References: МССНЯ 351; ND 1859 *qalV 'bottom, down' (+Sem.). Cf. PEC *ƛ̣_i 'below, down'.

nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,

Search within this database

Altaic etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Altaic: *ale

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: below, lower

Russian meaning: низ, опускать

Turkic: *ăl

Korean: *àrái

Japanese: *ǝ̀rǝ́-

Comments: SKE 6, EAS 106, Martin 230. The tone correspondence between Kor. and Jpn. is irregular.

altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,

Search within this database

Turkic etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Turkic: *ăl

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 lower side, below 2 (as adj.) being below , lower

Russian meaning: 1 низ, нижняя сторона 2 нижний

Old Turkic: altɨn 2 (Yen. ПМК 90, OUygh.)

Karakhanid: altɨn 2 (MK, IM), alt 1 (\X<1.193>Tefs.\x)

Turkish: alt 1

Tatar: alt 1 (dial., ЯБТ 126)

Sary-Yughur: altɨ 1 (ЯЖУ 14)

Azerbaidzhan: alt 1

Khakassian: altɨ 1

Shor: altɨ 1

Oyrat: ald 1, altɨɣɨ 2; altɨ 1 {(Баск. Туба)}

Halaj: a[:]lt 1

Chuvash: old(ъ) 'gusset'

Yakut: alɨn 1

Dolgan: alɨn 1

Tuva: a'ldɨ 1

Tofalar: aldɨn 'в низовье реки' (Рас. ФиЛ 153)

Kirghiz: ald(ɨ) 1

Gagauz: alt 1

Karaim: alt 1 (K)

Comments: VEWT 14, ЭСТЯ 1, 140-141, Stachowski 32. VEWT confuses (after Bang and Brockelmann) the roots *al- 'below' and *āl 'front'. They are indeed mixed in Kirgh. and Oyr. lit., where we have ald 'front, below', but are distinguished in dialects (Tuba: ald 'front', with a voicing in the consonant cluster after an old long vowel, but altɨ 'below'). The Chuv. form probably goes back to the compound *koltuk altɨ 'axillary concavity, gusset' (attested in Tur., Gag., Az., see Дыбо 154). Most languages reflect *al-tɨ- (the simple form al is not attested, see the discussion in EDT 121), but the reality of the root *ăl is proved by a different derivative in Yakut. Cf. also Sib.-Tat. alaša 'low, low place' (КСТТ 100). Another possible old derivative in -čak may be PT *aĺ(č)ak (Karakh. ašaq, Turkm. ašāq etc., see ЭСТЯ 1, 214-215) 'below, bottom part; low, humble': its traditional derivation from *āĺ- 'to cross (a mountain)' is unsatisfactory both phonetically and semantically. A certain problem is the attribution of the adjective *al-čak (see ЭСТЯ 1, 143-144, EDT 129). Older occurrences of alčaq (MK, KB, Tefs., Rabg. etc.) present the meaning 'modest, humble'; cf. also Sib.-Tat. alcaq 'valetudinarian' (КСТТ 101), Turkm. alčak 'affable' and perhaps Tur. alčak 'mean, vile', alča- 'to offend, humiliate'. This group of forms may in fact reflect a different root, otherwise represented by PT *Alɨg, see under *ā̀le 'weak, tired'. Another group of forms - Chag. alčaq 'bas' (Pav. C.), Tur., Az., Crim.-Tat. (and Oghuz texts like Korkut) alčaq 'low, low place' probably represents an Oghuz innovative derivation in -čak from the root al- (which is why -lč- did not yield -š- here), perhaps influenced by Mong. alča-gar, alča-n 'stunted, undersized', derived from Mong. alčaji- 'to spread legs apart'.

turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-reference,

Search within this database

Korean etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Korean: *àrái

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: below, lower side

Russian meaning: низ, нижняя сторона

Modern Korean: arä

Middle Korean: àrái

Comments: Nam 336, KED 1069.

koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,

Search within this database

Japanese etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Japanese: *ǝ̀rǝ́-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to lower, go down

Russian meaning: опускаться

Old Japanese: oru-

Middle Japanese: òru-

Tokyo: orí-

Kyoto: òrì-

Kagoshima: òrì-

Comments: JLTT 742. For final *-ǝ- cf. the causative PJ *ǝ̀rǝ́-s-, OJ oros- 'to lower, drop'.

japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,

Search within this database

Uralic etymology :

Search within this database

Number: 7

Proto: *ala

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: space below smth., below

German meaning: Raum unter etw., Unter-, das Untere

Finnish: ala 'Platz, Gebiet, Bereich', alla (postp.) 'unter, unterhalb'

Estonian: ala 'Unterraum; Grund, Ursprung'. all (postp.) 'unten, unter, unterhalb'

Saam (Lapp): vuolle ~ vuollĕ -l- 'down; (in comp.) 'space or part under smth...' (N), -vuollē 'der Platz unten oder nahebei, Unterlage' (L), vī̊_ille (T) 'das Untere', vī̊_ilne, vī̊_iln (T), vū_iln (Kld.), vue_iln (Not.), vo_iln (Not.) (adv., postp.) 'unter, unten'

Mordovian: al (E M) 'das untere, unten befindliche', alo (E), ala (M) 'unten, unter'

Mari (Cheremis): ül- (KB, B), ülö-, ül- (U) 'das Untere, Unter-', ülnǝ (KB), ülnö (U, B) (adv. postp.) 'unten, unter'

Udmurt (Votyak): ul (S) 'Unterteil, Unterraum, Unteres', ulǝ̑n (K) 'unter, unten', ul (G) 'Unterraum, Unteres', ulị̑n (G) 'unter'

Komi (Zyrian): -ul (S), -i̮v (P) in ǯoǯ-ul, ǯe̮ǯ-i̮v 'Raum, Keller unter dem Fußboden', uli̮n (S), uvi̮n (P) 'unten, unter', ul (PO) 'das untere', ulø^.n (PO) 'niedrig, unten, unter'

Khanty (Ostyak): i̮l (V), it (DN), il (O) 'unterer, nieder', i̮lǝn (V), itǝn (DN), ilǝn (O) 'unten'

Mansi (Vogul): jalē̮^.k (TJ), jalχ (KU), jalk (P), jolik (So.) 'der Untere', jalǝ^,n (TJ), jɔ̄̈ln (KU), jalǝn (P), jolǝn (So.) 'unten', jil (TJ) 'hinab; hinunter'

Hungarian: al- 'Unter-; unterer Teil; Streu', alatt (adv. post.) 'unten, unter'

Nenets (Yurak): ŋilna (O) 'unter, unten', ŋilʔ 'hinunter, hinab'

Enets (Yen): iðo (Ch.), iro (B) 'Boden', iðone (Ch.) 'unter'

Nganasan (Tawgi): ŋilea 'das Untere'

Selkup: ȋȋl (Ta.), ȋl (Ke.), ȋl, ȋ^.l 'Boden, das Untere', ȋȋl (Ta.), illé (N) 'unterhin'

Kamass: jildǝ 'untenhin', jilgǝn 'unten'

Janhunen's version: (38) *i6la

Sammalahti's version: *i6la

Yukaghir parallels: -al 'unter; under'

References: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; MUSz. 728; MSzFgrE; TESz.; EtSz.; SzófSz.; Donn. VglWb. II, 116; Paas. Beitr. 38; ИВПЯ 212; Collinder JukUr. 75

uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-janh,uralet-samm2,uralet-yuk,uralet-lit,

Search within this database

Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-Dravidian : *el- (?)

Meaning : to go down (of sun)

Proto-North Dravidian : *elG-r-

dravet-meaning,dravet-ndr,

Search within this database

North Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database

Proto-North-Dravidian : *elG-r-

Meaning : to go down

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : elkhrnā "to go down (sun, moon, stars), be well past the meridian"

Malto : elqre "to descend (as the sun)"

Number in DED : 841

ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-dednum,

Search within this database

Long-range etymologies :

Search within this database

Borean (approx.) : HVLV

Meaning : below

Eurasiatic : *HalV

Sino-Caucasian : PEC *ƛ̣_i 'below, down'

Amerind (misc.) : Penut., Chibch. *ali 'below, deep' (under *ali 'long' R 443)

globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-amer,

Search within this database

Select another database
Change viewing parameters

Total pages generated	Pages generated by this script
375364	3999717

Help

StarLing database server	Powered by	CGI scripts
Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin		Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov