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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *diwan- vb., *daujan- vb.; *dáuɵu-z; *daudá-; *dawa-n
Meaning: die
Gothic: *diwan st. `die'; dauɵ-s (a) `dead'; dauɵu-s m. (u) `death'; caus. *dauɵjan wk.
Old Norse: deyja (dō; dāinn) st. `sterben'; dauδ-r `tot'; dauδ-r m. `Tod', dauδ-r `tot', dauδar, dauδi `Tod'; dā n. `Ohnmacht', dān f. `Tod' (in Zs.)
Norwegian: döya vb.; daud sbs., adj.
Old Swedish: dāna(r)arver; Run. weladAude, welad(A)ud
Swedish: dö vb.; danɔrv; död sbs., adj.
Old Danish: danearv
Danish: dö vb.; död sbs., adj.
Old English: dēad `tot', dēaɵ `Tod'
English: die, dead, death
Old Frisian: dāth; dād
Old Saxon: dōian `sterben'; dōth; dōd
Middle Dutch: doot f., m.; doyen, douwen `sterven, wegkwijnen'; doot
Dutch: dood m.; dod
Old Franconian: dōt m.
Middle Low German: dōt
Old High German: touwen `sterben' (9.Jh.), tewen (10.Jh.); tōt (8.Jh.) `tot'; tōd (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: tōt adj. 'gestorben, tot, getötet'; töuwen, touwen wk. 'mit dem tode ringen, dahin sterben'; tōt (gen. tōdes) st. m. 'Tod, Sterben, Toter, Leichnam'
German: tot, Tod m.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *dhew-; *dhwey-
Meaning: to die
Armenian: di, gen. diog `Leiche, Leichnam'
Latin: fūnus, -eris n. `Leichenbegängnis, Bestattung; Leichnam; Tod, Untergang'
Celtic: *dunjo-, *dewenjo- 'Mensch' > OIr duine, pl. dōini; Cymr dyn, Corn, Bret den; *dwītu- > OIr dīth `detrimentum, Ende, Tod'
Russ. meaning: умирать
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-arm,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 411
Root: dheu-2, dhu̯-ēi-
English meaning: to vanish, faint, die
German meaning: `hinschwinden, bewußtlos werden, sterben'
Material: Got. diwans (*dhéu̯-ono-) `sterblich', ablaut. ahd. touwen, as. dōian `sterben', anord. deyja, dō (*dōw), dāinn `sterben'; got. dauþs `tot', auch af-dauiþs `geplagt', ahd. tōt, ags. dēad, anord. dauðr `tot', got. dauþus `Tod', ahd. tōd, ags. dēaþ, anord. dauð-r, -ar und dauðe `Tod'; air. duine (*dhu-n-i̯o-), Pl. dōini (*dheu̯en-i̯o-), cymr. dyn, corn. bret. den `Mensch'(`Sterblicher', Brugmann ZfceltPh. 3, 595 ff.); s. auch unter ĝhðem-;
vielleicht lat. fūnus (fōnus?) n. `Leichenbegängnis, Bestattung', falls aus *dheu̯(e)-nos `auf den Tod bezügliche Erweisung'; formell jedoch genau = air. n. s-Stamm dūn `Festung', wohl ursprüngl. `Burghügel' (s. unter dheu-4 S. 263);
nach Marstrander Prés. à nasale inf. 151 hierher air. -deda `schwindet dahin' aus *dhe-dhu̯-ā-t; vgl. auch oben unter dhē-3;
im Germ. auch die Bed. `fühllos, ohnmächtig werden', awnord. dā (*dawa) `Bewußtlosigkeit, Ohnmacht', Prät. dō auch `wurde gefühllos' (von Gliedern), aschwed. dāna `in Ohnmacht fallen', norw. daana `steif, lahm werden (von Gliedern), in Ohnmacht fallen' (Ableit. vom Partiz. dāinn), isl. doði `Gefühllosigkeit', doðna `gefühllos werden', got. usdauþs `im-piger, eifrig', ahd. tawalōn `hinschwinden, hinsterben', ndl. dauwel `träges Weib'; ferner anord. dā auch `Entzückung der Seele' (`*Betäubung'), dā (*dawēn) `bewundern'; anord. dān f. `Tod'.
Erweiterung dhu̯-ēi-: dhu̯-ī- in:
arm. di, Gen. dioy `Leiche, Leichnam', air. dīth (*dhu̯ītu-) `Ende, Tod'; ags. dwīnan (st. V.) `abnehmen, schwinden', neben dem nōn-Verb anord. duīna und duena ds.; ags. dwǣscan `auslöschen' (*dwaiskjan), lit. dvìsti `erlöschen' (Būga bei Endzelin KZ. 52, 123).
References: WP. I 835, WH. I 451, 568.
Pages: 260-261
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *dVwV
Meaning: to suffer
Uralic: FP *tVyV illness
References: ND 578 *dVw(V)yV 'to be ill/weak, die' (IE-Ur). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *debí ( ~ ǯ-)
Meaning: bad, to suffer
Russian meaning: плохой, страдать
Comments: Finch 1987, 17 (Jpn.-Mong.). One of the few exceptional cases of *ǯ- > *j- in Kor. (cf. *ǯa- 'eight'). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *jAb-
Meaning: 1 bad, coarse, wicked 2 to become bad, weak 3 heavy, difficult, severe 4 tasteless, insipid
Russian meaning: 1 плохой, грубый 2 ухудшаться, слабеть 3 тяжелый, трудный, суровый 4 пресный, безвкусный
Old Turkic: jabɨz 1 (Orkh.), javɨz 1 (OUygh.), javɣan 1 (OUygh.), jablaq (Orkh.) 3, javlaq (OUygh.) 3
Karakhanid: javrɨ- 2, javra- 'to become rough, coarse', javɨz 1, javɣan 1, javlaq 3 (MK) Turkish: javuz 1, javan 4
Tatar: jawɨz 1
Middle Turkic: javlaq (R) 'very' , javuz (Ettuhf., AH) 1 Uzbek: jɔwuz 1, jōɣan 4 (dial.)
Uighur: javuz 1
Sary-Yughur: jus 1
Azerbaidzhan: javan 4
Turkmen: jovuz 1, 3, juwan 4 (dial.)
Khakassian: čaɣban 4
Yakut: suos 3
Kirghiz: ǯūɣan 4
Kazakh: žawɨz 1
Bashkir: jawɨδ- 1
Gagauz: javan 4
Karakalpak: žawɨz 1
Comments: VEWT 176, EDT 879, 881-882, ЭСТЯ 4, 47-48, 51. Turk. > WMong. ǯabqai, ǯabaɣan (KW 468), whence again some Turkic forms (Kirgh. ǯabɨq etc., see ЭСТЯ 4, 9-10). One could perhaps also note Kaz. žawra-, Uzb. ǯɔwra- 'to suffer from cold, shiver' (ЭСТЯ 4, 20) which may be = Karakh. javra-, javrɨ- and thus should not be compared to Mong. daɣara- (despite KW 82). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *ǯib-
Meaning: aversion, disgust, indignation
Russian meaning: отвращение, негодование
Written Mongolian: ǯibegüü, ǯebegüü (L 1048) Khalkha: ǯivǖ(n), ʒevǖ(n)
Buriat: zebǖ(n) 'arrogant, proud'
Comments: Mong. > Ewn. ǯöbēnŋъ 'austere, serious' (ТМС 1, 266). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *jǝ̀búi-
Meaning: to get emaciated, haggard
Russian meaning: истощаться, становиться изможденным
Modern Korean: jǝwi-
Middle Korean: jǝ̀'úi-, jǝ̀'ói-
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *(d)impi-r-
Meaning: to oppress
Russian meaning: угнетать
Middle Japanese: ibir-
Tokyo: ibir-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-mjp,japet-tok,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *tav- (?)
Meaning : 1 to destroy 2 to die
Notes : SDR root.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *tav-/*tap-
Meaning : to perish
Tamil : tapu (? -pp-, -tt-)
Tamil meaning : to perish, come to an end, die
Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to destroy; taputi ruin, death; tappu (tappi-) to die; tava (-pp-, -nt-) to cease; tavar_u (tavar_i-) to die; tava (-pp-, -nt-) to cease; tavar_u (tavar_i-) to die; tavu (? -v-, -nt- or -pp-, -tt-) to shrink, be reduced, be ruined; taval diminishing, decreasing, failure, death, poverty; tavvu (tavvi-) to lessen, decrease, shrink, perish, decay, waste away; n. shrinking, perishing, decay; tāvu (tāvi-) to perish, decay (usually in neg. forms), be removed, disappear; n. ruin; tā decay, destruction, fault, blemish, defect, deficiency
Kannada : tavaḷisu
Kannada meaning : to destroy, cause to droop or fade
Kannada derivates : tavir, tavil want, poverty, trouble; tavisu to cause to decrease or be diminished, make an end of, destroy, remove; tavu to decrease, be diminished, waste away, come to an end, perish, diminish (tr.), destroy; n. decrease, destruction, ruin, drooping, depressed or humble state; tavuge decrease, end; tavuŋku = tavu vb.; tavuŋkal diminution, ruin; tave to decrease, wane, be insufficient; tagusi decrease, want, deficiency; (PBh.) tappudu it will be wasted, it will perish, wane, decrease, come to an end
Number in DED : 3068
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *tav-
Meaning : to die
Kota : tav- (tat-)
Toda : ? tōn "the deceased (e. g. tōn mox the dead boy, tōn wɨs_ēn the decreased Wɨs_ēn)"
Additional forms : Also Kota tavīr (< tav-ayr-; tavrc-< tav-arc-) to kill; tāv death, corpse, funeral; tā pay, tā vay, tā vī house where there is a death; tā nāṛ place where corpse is cremated
Number in DED : 3068
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : TVWV
Meaning : to suffer, die
Sino-Caucasian : ST *dhǝw (~-e-) 'stick into, hurt'; PWC *dV 'die, grow numb'
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *diwaʔ-
Meaning: be ill; sick; disease
Notes: Cf. (?) Eg. dꜣ 'get pregnant' (MK)
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,afaset-lec,afaset-scu,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 914
Proto-Semitic: *dwy/ʔ (-a-) 1, *diʔ- 2
Meaning: 'to be ill, sick' 1, 'grave disease' 2
Akkadian: diʔu 'a grave desease characterized by a headache' OB on [CAD d 165], [AHw 174]; dāwûm 'Taumelnder' OB [AHw 166]. Cf. damû 'to suffer from convulsions' SB [AHw 166], [CAD d 80], dimītu 'a disease (paralysis, dizziness (?), poisoning of the flesh)' [ibid. 143]; though *VwV > VmV is normal for this period, these forms may as well go back to the root *dmw/y (see *dwm, No. )
Ugaritic: dwy 'ponerse malo, enfermar' [DLU 138]; dw 'enfermo' [ibid.], mdw 'Krankheit' [Aist 76]
Hebrew: dāwā 'to menstruate' [KB 216]; dāwǟ 'faint, sick; menstruating' [ibid.]
Judaic Aramaic: dǝwā 'to mourn, (itpe) 'to feel pain, groan'' [Ja 284]
Syrian Aramaic: dǝwī, dǝwā 'debilis, miser fuit' [Brock 143]
Mandaic Aramaic: DWA 'to be wretched, miserable' [DM 103]; (?) HRT dywn 'verrückt werden' [JHert 209]
Arabic: dwy (a) 'être malade' [BK 1 755]; dwʔ do. [ibid. 746], dawāʔ- 'remède, médicament', daw-an, dāʔ- 'maladie'
Geʕez (Ethiopian): dawaya, dawya 'to be sick, ill' [LGz 145]
Tigrai (Tigriñña): däwäya 'ammalarsi' [Bass 792]
Amharic: däwwäyä 'to be sick, to have leprosy' [K 1822]. According to [LGz 145], from GEZ, which has to be proved
Notes: Note that TGR däwa 'medicine' [LH 536] and EAST: SEL WOL däwi, ZWY dawä 'medicament, remedy' [LGur 223] are from ARB dawāʔ-. Also likely of Arabic origin are MHR adōwi 'to give medicine' [JM 76] and other similar MSA forms; JIB dít 'medicine' [JJ 43] is less certainly so, since there seems to be no derived form in -t in ARB. [Fr 39]: *dawiy- 'sofferente' (GEZ, ARB, HBR, SYR, UGR, AKK; [DRS 231]: HBR, UGR, ARM, ARB, ETH, AKK, MSA; [KB 216]: HBR, UGR, ARM, ARB, ETH, AKK; [LGz 145]: ETH, HBR, UGR, ARM, ARB
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-uga,semet-hbr,semet-jud,semet-syr,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-gzz,semet-tgy,semet-amh,semet-notes,
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Berber etymology :
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Proto-Berber: *dVH-
Meaning: 'perspiration'
Izayan: tidi
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-izy,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *ḍaw- < *daHaw-
Meaning: 'fever'
Higi Futu: ḍàwa [Kr N 255]
Higi Nkafa: ḍǝ̀wa [Kr]
Kapsiki=Higi Kamale: ḍàwa [Kr]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-hig,cchet-hnk,cchet-kap,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *daw- (?)
Meaning: 'weak'
Kera: dèwé [Eb]
Notes: An Arabism? Cf. Mubi dáwà 'medicine' [Lk] < Arb.
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-ker,echet-notes,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *dayaʔ-
Meaning: 'be hurt badly'
Oromo (Galla): dayyaʔa
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-oro,
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South Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-South Cushitic: *diʔ-
Meaning: 'sick person'
Qwadza (Ngomvia): diʔ-ako
Notes: Ehr HRSC 221
scuet-prnum,scuet-meaning,scuet-kwz,scuet-notes,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *taj ( ~ *ʔt-)
Meaning: die
Miao-Yao parallels: *dajB
Proto-Austronesian: *mataj
Proto-Thai: *-tāj
References: Ben 269, Peiros 1998, 92, 97.
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-myao,austr-an,austr-tai,austr-bibl,
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