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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *bhrew-er/n-
Meaning: spring (of water)
Armenian: aɫbiur, aɫbeur, gen. aɫber `Quelle'
Old Greek: phréār, -ātos n. `Brunnen'
Russ. meaning: источник, родник
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *brunnō(n), *brunnēn, *brunna-z, *brunnian- vb.
Meaning: fount, source
Gothic: brunna m. (n) `fount, source'
Old Norse: brunn-r m. `Quel, Brunnen', brünna wk. `das Vie zur Tränke führten'
Norwegian: brunn, brünn
Swedish: brunn
Danish: brönd
Old English: burn, -e f., burne, -an f., burna, -an m. `bybbling or running water, bourn'
English: bourn
Old Frisian: burna
Old Saxon: brunno
Middle Dutch: borne, borre
Dutch: bron f. (под влиянием нем., говорят)
Old Franconian: brunno
Middle Low German: born(e)
Low German: börnen `das Vie zur Tränke führen'
Old High German: brunno m. (9.Jh.) `Quelwasser, Quelle'
Middle High German: brunne wk. m. 'quell, quellwasser, brunnen; harn'; burn(e), born wk./wk. m. 'dass.'
German: Brunnen m.; Born
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-mlg,germet-lg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 244
Root: bh(e)reu- : bh(e)rū̆-
English meaning: to boil, to be wild
German meaning: `sich heftig bewegen, wallen, bes. vom Aufbrausen beim Gären, Brauen, Kochen usw.'
General comments: Erw. von bher-2.
Material: A. Ablautstufen bheru- (bheru-), bhrū̆-: Ai. bhurváṇi-ḥ `unruhig, wild', bhurván- `unruhige Bewegung des Wassers'.
Arm. bark `scharf, sauer, grausam' (barkanam `ich werde zornig'), das sehr vieldeutig ist, wird von Dumézil BSL. 40, 52 als *bhr̥-u̯- hierhergestellt, desgleichen berkrim `ich freue mich' als *bher-u̯-; sehr unsicher!
Gr. φαρυμός τολμηρός, θρασύς Hes. (*bher-u-) und φορυτός `Gemisch, Kehricht, Spreu, Mist', φορύ̄νω, φορύσσω `knete durcheinander, vermische, beflecke, besudle', wahrscheinlich auch φρυ-άσσομαι `gebärde mich ungeduldig (bes. von feurigen Pferden); bin übermütig'.
Thrak. βρυ̃τος (s. u.).
Alb. brum m., brumë f. `Sauerteig', mbruj, mbrünj `knete'.
Lat. ferveō, -ēre, fervō, -ĕre `sieden, wallen' (über fermentum s. bher-2); dēfrū̆tum `eingekochter Most, Mostsaft' (: thrak. βρυ̃τος, βρυ̃τον, βρου̃τος `eine Art Gerstenbier'; aus thrak. *brūti̯ā (gr. βρύτια), stammt illyr. brīsa `Weintrester', urverw. alb. bërsí ds., woraus serb. bersa, bîrsa, bîrza Schimmel auf dem Wein; lat. brīsa aus dem Venet. oder Messap.).
Mir. berbaim `koche, siede', cymr. berwi, bret. birvi `sieden, wallen', bero, berv `gekocht', gall. GN Borvo (bei Heilquellen), vgl. mit anderem Suffix Bormō oben S. 133; vielleicht auch frz. bourbe `Schlamm' aus gall. *borvā `Sprudel'; air. bruth `Glut, Wut', mir. bruith `kochen', enbruithe `Fleischbrühe' (zu en- `Wasser', s. unter pen-2), acymr. brut `animus', ncymr. brwd `heiß' (cymmrwd `Mörtel' aus *kom-bru-to-, vgl. mir. combruith `sieden'), brydio `fervere', acorn. bredion `coctio' (Umlaut), abret. brot `zelotypiae', nbret. broud `heiß, gärend'.
Über germ. bru-Formen s. unter B.
B. Ablautstufen bhrē̆u- und (teilweise wieder) bhrū̆-:
Zunächst in Worten für `Quelle' = `Hervorsprudelndes' (r/n-St., etwa bhrēu̯r̥, bhrēu̯n-, bhrun-); arm. aɫbiur, aɫbeur (Gen. aɫber) `Quelle' (aus *bhrēw(a)r =) gr. φρέαρ, -ᾱτος `Brunnen' (*φρη̃αρ-, -ατος, hom. φρήατα, überliefert φρείατα); mir. tipra f. `Quelle' (vielleicht aus air. *tiprar < *to-ek̂s-bhrēu̯r̥), Gen. tiprat (*to-ek̂s-bhrēu̯n̥tos); air. -tiprai `strömt gegen...' (*to-ek̂s-bhrēu̯-īt?); vom St. bhrun- der Kasus obliqui aus als en-St. urgerm.*brunō, *brun(e)n-, got. brunna, ahd. brunno, ags. brunna, burna `Вrunnen' (aisl. brunn), mit Metathese nhd. (ndd.) Born.
Mit ähnlicher Bed. russ. brujá `Strömung', bruítь `stark reißend strömen, dahinfließen', wruss. brújić `harnen' (diese Bed. auch in mhd. brunnen und in nhd. dial. brunzen, bair. brunnlen `harnen' von Brunnen), formal nächstens zu lit. br(i)áujs, br(i)áutis `sich mit roher Gewalt vordrängen' (*bhrēu-), lett. braulîgs `geil'; auch apr. brewingi `förderlich'?
bhre-n-u- (Präsens mit Nasalinfix, vgl. nhd. brennen) mit Beziehung auf züngelnde Flammen liegt vor in got. ahd. as. brinnan, ais. brinna, ags. beornan, birnan `brennen', Kaus. got. brannjan, aisl. brenna, ahd. brennan, ags. bærnan `brennen', wozu u. a. ahd. brant `Brand', brunst `Brennen, Brand', aisl. bruni, ags. bryne `Brand', ahd. bronado, ags. brunaþa `Jucken, Hitze am Кörper', schwed. brånad `Brunst';
bhréu̯- : bhruu̯- in: ahd. briuwan, ags. brēowan `brauen', aschwed. bryggja (aus *bryggwa) ds.; germ. *bruđa- in: aisl. ags. brođ, ahd. prođ `Brühe' (: defrūtum, air. bruth, thrak. βρυ̃τος; mhd. brodelen, nhd. brodeln); germ. *brauđa- in: aisl. brauđ, ags. brēad, ahd. brōt `Brot' (von dem Gärstoff); über ahd. wintes prūt `Windsbraut' s. Kluge11 692.
References: WP. II 167 f., WH. I 333 f., 487.
Pages: 143-145
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *bira (*bujra)
Meaning: spring, flow
Uralic: BF *pur- 'brook'
References: (МССНЯ 369. ); ND 225 *boʔr[E] 'dig, pit, well', 253 *b[ü]Xŕa 'watercourse, river' (undistinguishable outside SH). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *bi̯ujri
Meaning: well, spring
Russian meaning: колодец, источник
Comments: Whitman 1985, 139, 245 (Kor.-Jpn.). Loss of final resonant in Kor. makes us reconstruct the medial -j-, which also explains several other phenomena: *-i-vowel in PTM (-u- would be expected after a labial); *b- in PJ (*p- would be expected before i). Korean has also lost the initial *b-, as in some other cases; cf. in this respect the interesting Old Koguryo and Silla forms: Old Koguryo *wöl, Silla *ŏl (see Miller 1979, 9). Jpn. *bì < *bi̯ujr(i)-gV. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *bürü-dü
Meaning: 1 swamp (with a spring) in a river bed 2 well
Russian meaning: 1 болото (с источником) в русле реки 2 криница
Written Mongolian: bürüdü 1
Khalkha: bürd 2
Kalmuck: bürdǝ 1
Ordos: bürdü 1
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *bira
Meaning: 1 river 2 spring
Russian meaning: 1 река 2 ручей, ключ
Evenki: bira 1, biraja 1,2
Even: bịra 1, bịraqčan 2
Negidal: bịja 1, 2, bịjaxān 2
Spoken Manchu: birā 1 (2087)
Literary Manchu: bira 1, biraGa, birGan, birχa 2
Jurchen: bira (40) 1
Ulcha: bịra 2
Nanai: bịrā̃ 2
Oroch: biaka 2
Udighe: bǟ`sa 1 (Корм. 212) Solon: bira 1, 2
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *ù-
Meaning: well
Russian meaning: колодец
Modern Korean: umul
Middle Korean: ù-mɨ́r
Comments: Nam 389, KED 1239 (-mɨr 'water'). koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *bì ( ~ *bùi, *bǝ̀i)
Meaning: well
Russian meaning: колодец
Old Japanese: wi
Middle Japanese: wì
Tokyo: i
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-comments,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *vaẓ-
Meaning : to flow
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-gnd,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *vaẓ-i-
Meaning : to flow
Tamil : vaẓi (-v-, -nt-)
Tamil meaning : to overflow, flow
Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to shed, let flow; vaẓiyal that which overflows or drains off
Malayalam : vaẓiyuka
Malayalam meaning : to flow, overflow
Malayalam derivates : vaẓiccal overflowing; vaẓikka to cause to overflow
Kannada : baḷi
Kannada meaning : (Hav.) to flow out completely (as oil from an inverted pot)
Number in DED : 5296
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *vaṛ-
Meaning : to leak, drip
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *vaṛ-
Meaning : to leak, drip
Betul Gondi : waṛānā
Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : vaṛānā
Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : varānā
Muria Gondi : vaṛ-
Maria Gondi : vaṛ-
Koya Gondi : vaṛ-
Chindwara Gondi : vaṛ-
Number in DED : 5296
Number in CVOTGD : 3193
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_w,gonet-gondi_ph,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_ch,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : vaṛ- (-t-)
Meaning: to drip down (as through filter)
Konda (Burrow/Bhattacharya) : vaṛiŋ "(pl.) in: pūs vaṛiŋ saliva"
Additional forms : Also Konda pūsa vali saliva
Number in DED : 5296
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-konda_bb,konet-addition,konet-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVRV
Meaning : spring, flow
Sino-Caucasian : ? PST *[Pŭ]r gush forth, jet
Reference : МССНЯ 369, ND 225, 253. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *bVʔr-
Meaning: pit, well
Notes: ND 225 adds some Berb. and Chad. forms
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1918
Proto-Semitic: *buʔr-
Meaning: 'pit, well, hole'
Akkadian: būr-
Phoenician: bʔr
Hebrew: bōr
Arabic: buʔr-at-
Epigraphic South Arabian: bʔr
Gurage: bʷǝr
Notes: Moab br *-u- < HS *-a- after a labial
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-phn,semet-hbr,semet-ara,semet-sar,semet-gur,semet-notes,
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