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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *kelǝ-
Meaning: to lift
Tokharian: B käl(t)s- 'to goad, drive', A, B käly- (PT *käly-) 'stand, stay, establish' (Adams 174 f)
Old Greek: *koléō: koleîn = eltheîn Hsch.
Latin: celsus, -a `hochragend, erhaben, hochmütig'; excellō, -ere, -lsus `herausragen, hervorragen', ante-, praecellō, -ere id.
Russ. meaning: поднимать
References: WP I 433 f
Comments: Germ. also to *kel- 'drive'.
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *kel̂- (1/2) vb. tr., *kil̂- vb. intr., *kil̂-t-i- (1) c., *kel̂-t-ā̂ (1) f., *kel̂-t-a- (1) c., *kel̂-t-uw-ā̂ f., -iā̃ f., -aw-ā̂ (1/2) f.
Meaning: lift, move
Lithuanian: kélti tr. `auf-, emporheben, bewegen, veranstalten, feiern', intr. 'sich erheben, aufstehen', oncoh. kìlti (kī̃la/kìlsta, kìlō) 'aufstehen, aufsteigen, sich erheben', kiltì-s, kìlti-s 'Abstammung, Herkunft, Stamm, Tribus', kilmē̃ 'Abstammung, Herkunft', kélta, kélta-s 'Fährschiff, Prahm', pl. kéltōs, kéltuva, keltuvà, kéltava 'Vieh', keltuvē̃ 'Handgriff, Stiel des Dreschflegels', pl. keltùvēs 'Wecken des jungen Ehepaares nach der Hochzeitszeremonie'
Lettish: cel̂t (cel̨u, cêlu) tr. 'heben; hebend setzen; hebend, den Hals reckend heilen; (hebend) aufrichten, bauen, stiften, gründen; hebend hervorbringen, erheben, bringen, veranlassen, verursachen; (hebend) zum Aufstehen veranlassen, wecken, aufscheuchen u. verfolgen; jem. erheben, wählen, machen; veranstalten, usw.'; cil̂t2 (-stu, -lu) 'sich erheben'; cil̂ts (gen. -s), *cilta 'Geschlecht, Stamm'; cęl̂tava, cęltuva 'Prahm, Fähre'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *xálɵan-/*xaldán- vb.; *xaldá-n; *xild=; *xaljan- vb., *xuljan-, *xalōn-
Meaning: hold, lift
Gothic: haldan st. `tend, feed, graze cattle'
Old Norse: halda red. `halten; hüten; sich beschäftigen'; hald n. `Halt, Griff; Macht, Schutz; Ansehen; Richtung'
Norwegian: halda vb.; hald `Halt, Griff'
Old Swedish: hald `Halt, Griff'
Swedish: hɔlla vb.
Danish: holde vb.
Old English: healdan `houden, standhouden; bewaren, bewaken, zorgen vor, besturen'; heald `Schutz'
Old Frisian: halia `herbeiholen, heimführen, nehmen'; hlda `houden, vasthouden, handhaven, bewaren, verhinderen'
Old Saxon: geholian; haldan `halten'; `zorgen voor, zich houden aan, houden van'
Middle Dutch: houden `behoeden, bewaren, houden, bezitten, besturen'; houd, holt
Dutch: houden
Middle Low German: hilde, hille `rasch, eifrig'; hōlden `einhelten, veranstalten, festhalten, stillhalten, sich verhalten'hüten, bewachsen, schützen, weiden'
Low German: halen `ziehen'
Old High German: haltan `festhalten; befolgen, (be)hüten'
Middle High German: halten, halden red. v. `festhalten, gefangenhalten, meinen, sich benehmen, an einem Punkt anhalten, stillhalten; hüten, weiden, bewahren, verehren'; halt st. m. 'halt, bestand; ort, aufenthalt, hinterhalt'
German: halten; Halt
Comments: Contamination of the roots `drive' (IE *kelǝ-) and `lift'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-lg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,germet-notes,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḲaLi
Meaning: to rise, raise
Comments: Cf. *ḳElV
References: МССНЯ 335, ОСНЯ 1, 334-335, ND 1046 *ḳal̄(h)i 'high, be high'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *kela ( ~ k`-, -o)
Meaning: to rise, jump up, soar
Russian meaning: подниматься, подпрыгивать, парить
Comments: KW 163, 176, 177, ОСНЯ 1, 335. A Turk.-Mong. isogloss; but a suffixed form *kel-k`a- may be discoverable in OJ kaker- 'to fly, soar' (see Miller-Street 1975, 73-75, Street 1985, 641). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Kạl(ɨ)-
Meaning: 1 to rise 2 jump up
Russian meaning: 1 подниматься 2 подпрыгивать
Old Turkic: qalɨ- (OUygh.) 1
Karakhanid: qalɨ- (MK, KB) 2 Turkish: kalk(ɨ)- 2, kal-dɨr- (caus.)
Tatar: qalq- 1,2
Uzbek: qalq- 1, qalqi- 1, 2
Azerbaidzhan: Galx- 1, Gal-dɨr- (caus.)
Turkmen: Galk- 1, Gal-dɨr- (caus.)
Khakassian: xalɨ- 1,2 (dial. Sag.)
Oyrat: qalɨ- 1,2
Yakut: kɨlɨj- 1,2
Tuva: xalɨ- 1,2
Kirghiz: qalqɨ- 1
Kazakh: qalqɨ- 1
Noghai: qalq- 1
Bashkir: qalq- 1
Karakalpak: qalqɨ- 1
Kumyk: qalq- 1
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *kali-
Meaning: to fly, soar
Russian meaning: парить
Written Mongolian: qali- (L 919) Khalkha: xali-
Buriat: xali-
Kalmuck: xäĺǝ-
Ordos: xali-
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳl-
Russian meaning: скала
English meaning: rock
Georgian: ḳlde
Megrel: ḳirde, ḳǝrde, ḳirda, ḳǝrda
Svan: ḳǝlde, ḳ(il)de-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 113, EWK 205. Если данная основа связана со сван. ḳǝltxi 'высокий', na-ḳlatx-i 'высота', то ср. ПИЕ *kelǝ- 'подниматься, вершина, гора', алт. *k(`)alV 'подниматься' (см. ОСНЯ 1, 334-335, ностр. *ḳaLi).
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVLV
Meaning : to rise, raise
Amerind (misc.) : *kali 'above' (R 6) [ + A] globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḳul-
Meaning: lift, rise
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1782
Proto-Semitic: *ḳVlVl-
Meaning: 'raise'
Arabic: qll
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,
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Berber etymology :
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Proto-Berber: *ḳul-
Meaning: 'rise'
Semlal: ɣ(u)li
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-sml,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *kul-
Meaning: 'lift'
Higi Futu: kǝli-tò [Kr N 358]
Higi Nkafa: kulu-tǝ̀ [Kr]
Higi Ghye: kulu-dɛ̀ [Kr]
Kapsiki=Higi Kamale: kɨɫ-tè {kr]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-hig,cchet-hnk,cchet-hgh,cchet-kap,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *kal-
Meaning: 'mount'
Lele: kal [WP] monter
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-lle,
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