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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *g'Ap- (-ph-), -b-
Meaning: mouth (of animal), crop
Avestan: zafarǝ, zafan- `Mund, Rachen'
Slavic: *zobātī, *zobljǭ; *zobъ
Celtic: OIr gop `Schnabel, Mund', Ir gob `Schnabel, Mund'
Russ. meaning: пасть, зоб
References: WP I 570 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-avest,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *dur̂- (-ja-) vb. tr., etc.
Meaning: stechen
Lithuanian: dùrti
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *kifjan-
Meaning: gnaw
Old High German: { kiffen 'глодать' }
Middle High German: kifelen, kifen, kifern wk. 'nagen, kauen'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḳVmbV
Meaning: tooth, sharp edge
Comments: For PIE cf. also PA *kĕ̀ma 'gnaw, bite' (759)?
References: МССНЯ 346; ND 987 *ḳäbʔV 'to bite' (part. also ND 644, see *kanVbV - a lot of confusion). Cf. PAA *g[a:]m 'molars'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-chuk,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *k`èmá
Meaning: sharp, sharp tool
Russian meaning: острый, острое орудие
Comments: A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xemer
Meaning: 1 sharp 2 easy going
Russian meaning: 1 острый 2 легкий, легко идущий
Evenki: emer
Even: emъr
Negidal: emejigdi
Ulcha: xomburu(n) 2
Orok: xemberu 1,2
Nanai: xemberũ 2
Oroch: xemberu 2
Udighe: emei 1, 2
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kàmá
Meaning: sickle
Russian meaning: серп
Old Japanese: kama
Middle Japanese: kàmá
Tokyo: káma
Kyoto: kàmá
Kagoshima: kamá
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳb-
Russian meaning: кусать
English meaning: to bite
Georgian: ḳb-; ḳb-il- 'tooth'
Megrel: ḳib-; ḳib-ir- 'tooth'
Laz: ḳib-; ḳib-ir- 'tooth'
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 106-107, EWK 186-187. Возможно *ḳmb-, ср. туш. ḳm-il- 'зуб'. Иллич-Свитыч (ОСНЯ 1, 314) выводит из ностр. *ḳaba / *ḳap`a 'хватать', что сомнительно; скорее ср. ПИЕ *ǵembh- 'протыкать; зуб', ПТМ *xember- 'острый край', драв. *kompu 'рог; клык'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *qĕphǝ-
Meaning (Rus.): зуб, пенек
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *qep[ʁ]uru (~ ạ)
Meaning (Rus.): пенек, оленний рог, спиленный под корень
Chukchee: qɛ́pʔuru, (АБ) qɛpʔuru-uttǝ-n
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *k'ǝp ", *pk'i-
Meaning (Rus.): зуб
Itelmen: kǝp-kǝp** 1, pk-'in poss. 2
Itelmen meaning: зуб 1, с зубами 2, зубной 3
West Itelmen: kip-kip (kp-in pl.) 1, 'ixp-kin 2
West Itelmen meaning: dens 1, dentatus 2
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): ząb 1, mający zęby 2
South Itelmen: kǝp-kǝp (kǝp-ǝd, kip-ud pl.)
South Itelmen meaning (Latin): dens
South Itelmen meaning (Polish): ząb
Number in Volodin 1976: 217
Volodin-Zhukova reference: 336
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-sit,itelet-sitmea,itelet-sitmep,itelet-vol,itelet-vzhu,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVMPV
Meaning : tooth, sharp edge
Sino-Caucasian : ST *q(r)ām 'jaw, cheek'; Bur. *qham 'palate, throat' ?
Austric : PAA *g[a:]m molars
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-austr,
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