Change viewing parameters
Select another database
Indo-European etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-IE: *nēy-
Meaning: to lead
Hittite: nai-, ne- (II) 'lenken, leiten, richten, schicken' (Friedrich 147-148)
Old Indian: náyati, ptc. nītá- `to lead, guide'; nétar- `leading', netár- m. `leader', netrá- n. `leading, guiding'
Avestan: nayeiti `führt'
Other Iranian: MPers nītan `führen, treiben'
Slavic: ? *nētī `нести' (only SrbCro - see etymology ESSJa q.v.)
Celtic: *neit- > OIr nīath, arch. nēth `Held', ogam. gen. nētas, MIr nē, nae `Held'
Russ. meaning: вести
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-slav,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
Search within this database
Pokorny's dictionary :
Search within this database
Number: 1361
Root: nei-1, neiǝ- : nī-
English meaning: to lead
German meaning: `führen'
Material: Ai. náyati (Partiz. nītá-), av. nayeiti `führt', mpers. nītan `führen, treiben', ai. nīthā f. `Führung, Weg', nītho, netā `Führer', nḗtar-, nētár- m. ds., nētrá- n. `Führung, Auge'; mir. nē, nīa `Krieger, Held' (*neit-s), Gen. Sg. urir. nētas, air. nīath (*nei-t-os; s. auch nei-2); hitt. nāi- `lenken, führen'.
References: WP. II 321, Pedersen Hitt. p. 77 f., 81, Frisk Suffixales -th- 5 f.
Pages: 760
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
Search within this database
Nostratic etymology :
Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *ŋāńi
Meaning: to approach, follow
References: ND 1643 *ŋańV 'take so. with oneself, lead'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
Search within this database
Altaic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *ŋā̀ńì
Meaning: to take smb. with (oneself)
Russian meaning: брать кого-л. с собой
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
Search within this database
Mongolian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Mongolian: *naji-
Meaning: 1 friendship 2 accord; feast 3 to be combined, unite
Russian meaning: 1 дружба 2 согласие; праздник, пир 3 объединяться
Written Mongolian: nai 1 (L 558), najir 2, najira- 3 (L 559) Middle Mongolian: naira-qui 'debt, justice, right' (HY 49) Khalkha: naj 1, najr 2, najra- 3
Buriat: najr 2, najral 'harmony'
Kalmuck: nǟ 1, nǟr 2, nǟr- 3
Ordos: nǟ 'marque d'amitié', nǟr 2, nǟra- 'be friends'
Dagur: ńara- 'to love, be attached' (Тод. Даг. 156) Comments: KW 273, 274. Mong. > Man. nara- 'to be attached'. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-reference,
Search within this database
Tungus etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ŋāni-
Meaning: to fetch, go to take smth. or smb.
Russian meaning: пойти, чтобы принести что-л.
Ulcha: ŋan-ǯụ-
Nanai: ŋānị-
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
Search within this database
Korean etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Korean: *nīń-
Meaning: to combine, continue
Russian meaning: соединять, продолжать
Modern Korean: īt- [is-]
Middle Korean: nīń-
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
Search within this database
Japanese etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Japanese: *ìmuà
Meaning: beloved, friend
Russian meaning: любимая, подруга
Old Japanese: imwo
Middle Japanese: ìmò
Tokyo: imōtó "younger sister", imo-se "consorts"
Kyoto: ímṓtó
Kagoshima: imōtó
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
Search within this database
Dravidian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Dravidian : *naṇ-
Meaning : to approach; to join; friend
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *NaN- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,
Search within this database
South Dravidian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-South Dravidian : *naṇ-[ṭ-]
Meaning : to approach; to unite; friend, friendship
Tamil : naṇṇu (naṇṇi-)
Tamil meaning : to draw near, approach, reach, be attached to, united with, adhere
Tamil derivates : naṇṇunar friends, adherents; naṇpu, naṭpu love, attachment, affection, amity, friendship, relationship; naṇpan_ friend, companion, associate; naṇmai, naṇi nearness, proximity; naṇiyān_ one who is near; naṇuŋku (naṇuŋki-), naṇuku (naṇuki-) to approach, draw nigh, arrive at, become attached to or united with; naḷ (naṭp-, naṭṭ-), naḷḷu (naḷḷi-) to approach, join, associate with, contract friendship, befriend, like, accept; naḷḷunar friends, adherents, associates; naṭṭār, naṭṭōr friends, relations
Malayalam : naṇṇuka, neṇṇuka
Malayalam meaning : to remember with love and gratitude
Kannada : naṇṭu, neṇṭu
Kannada meaning : relationship, friendship
Kannada derivates : naṇṭa, neṇṭa relative, kinsman, friend; naṇṭatana, neṇṭatana, naṇṭartana, naṇṭastike, naṇṭike relationship; naṇpu, neṇpu friendship, affection, love, favour, confidential relationship, familiarity, intimacy, relationship, delightfulness, charm, pleasantness, agreeability
Tulu : naṇṭụ, naṇṭu, naṇṭastigè, neṇṭastigè
Tulu meaning : kin, relationship
Tulu derivates : neṇṭe a relation
Notes : Tamil naḷ- is unclear; quite possibly contaminated with *naḷ- 'wide, thick, overcrowded'.
Number in DED : 3588
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
Search within this database
Nilgiri etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Nilgiri : *naṇ-
Meaning : gratitude
Kota : naṇy "gratitude for help given by another (or perhaps 'friendly help')"
Toda : noṭ "friendship"
Notes : Toda noṭ < *naṇ-t-.
Number in DED : 3588
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
Search within this database
Telugu etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Telugu : *naṇ-[ṭ-]
Meaning : friendship, a friend
Telugu : naṇṭu
Telugu (Krishnamurti) : nanucu "to like, love, be fond of"
Additional forms : Also naṇṭukā̃ḍu friend, companion; fem. naṇṭukatte; [1] nanupu, [2] nanpu amiability, agreeability; (K) nanuvu agreeableness
Number in DED : 3588
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_kr,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
Search within this database
Kolami-Gadba etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *NaN-
Meaning : to enter
Ollari Gadba : nan-
Salur Gadba : nann-
Number in DED : 3588
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-salur,kogaet-dednum,
Search within this database
Long-range etymologies :
Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : NVNV
Meaning : to go, come
Amerind (misc.) : *nani 'come' (R 141) [+ A K] (for PST cf. perhaps rather *wan 'go' R 315 [+ A K]); some forms see under *nama 'road' (R 573); *niyani 'road' (R 575) [+ K] globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,
Search within this database
Afroasiatic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *nan-
Meaning: go, walk
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-brb,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-lec,
Search within this database
Berber etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Berber: *nVn-
Meaning: 'go across'
Izayan: ennu
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-izy,
Search within this database
Egyptian etymology :
Search within this database
Old Egyptian: nny (pyr)
Meaning: 'go'
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,
Search within this database
West Chadic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-WChadic: *nan-
Meaning: come'
Kifri=Giwo: non- [St]
Notes: Cp. Geruma naya 'come' [CLR: 82] and Nfizim nii 'coming' [CLR: 82]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-krf,wchet-notes,
Search within this database
Central Chadic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-CChadic: *nan-
Meaning: 'go'
Masa: nàná [CLR: 163]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-mas,
Search within this database
Low East Cushitic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Low East Cushitic: *nan-
Meaning: 'go round' 1, 'walk' 2
Oromo (Galla): naannaʷa 1
Arbore: nanni-ete 2
Notes: Reduplication?
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-oro,lecet-arb,lecet-notes,
Search within this database
Sino-Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=VʔwV́ŋ
Meaning: to go, travel
Comments and references : HGC 23, LDC 30, BCD 30. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
Search within this database
North Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *=VʔwVn
Meaning: to go
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. One of the verbal roots with the basic laryngeal consonant. The vowels are rather hard to reconstruct in most of these roots (because of contractions). Cf. also HU: Hurr. un-, Urart. nun- 'to come' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 32).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-comment,
Search within this database
Nakh etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Nakh: *ʡo-
Meaning: go
Batsbi: ʕo- (pres.)
Comments: An isolated Bacb. root (used only in the present tense), but probably archaic.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
Search within this database
Avar-Andian etymology :
Search within this database
Protoform: *=VʔVn-
Meaning: to go
Akhvakh: =un-
Chamalal: =ūn-
Karata: =oʔan-
Comments: The root vowel is hard to establish because of contractions which had taken place in all languages.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,
Search within this database
Tsezian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Tsezian: *=ǝ̃ʔ-
Meaning: come
Gunzib: nǝʔ-
Comments: Isolated in Gunz. (initial n- points to root nasalisation), but having probable parallels in Andian languages and elsewhere.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
Search within this database
Lak etymology :
Search within this database
Lak root: na-
Meaning: to go, walk (dur.)
Lak form: na-n
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
Search within this database
Sino-Tibetan etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ʔʷă (s-, -ŋ)
Meaning: go
Tibetan: ʔoŋ come, soŋ pf. and imp. of ãgro "to go".
Burmese: swah go, waŋ enter, go or come in.
Kachin: wa2 return.
Lushai: KC *waŋ go (cf. also Lush. vāk, vaʔ go, walk).
Comments: PG *wàŋ ~ *khòŋ enter; Chepang, Magari hwa to go; Newari wa to go; Dhimal waŋ enter; Bunan hwaŋs ~ hoaŋ come out. Sh. 64; Ben. 50, 105.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
Search within this database
Chinese characters :
Search within this database
Character: 于
Modern (Beijing) reading: yú [yū, xū]
Preclassic Old Chinese: wa
Classic Old Chinese: wa
Western Han Chinese: wa
Eastern Han Chinese: wa
Early Postclassic Chinese: wo
Middle Postclassic Chinese: wo
Late Postclassic Chinese: wo
Middle Chinese: ɦü
Fanqie: 雲劬
Rhyme class: 虞 [魚]
English meaning : to go; be in, to; to enlarge
Russian meaning[s]: 1) предлог, вводящий косвенное дополнение, см. 於; 2) идти, отправляться; 3) древн. как?, каким образом?, вм. 何; 4) я; 5) большой; широкий; далекий; 6) Юй (фамилия); [xū̄] см. 吁
Shuowen gloss: 於也. 象氣之舒于. 從丂. 從一. 一者. 其氣平也. 凡于之屬皆從于.
Comments: Min dialects have not preserved the word, but the clearly related 往 *waŋʔ 'to go' has Min reflexes: Xiamen ɔŋ3, Chaozhou uaŋ3, Fuzhou uoŋ3, allowing to reconstruct *w- (not *wh-) [the reconstruction in RDFS p. 158 is incorrect - as well as the observation on the previous page that only OC *wh- can go back to ST *ʔʷ - the problem needs further investigation]. Also used as an interjection (especially in the combination 于嗟 *wa-ciaj).
Radical: 7
Four-angle index: 3234
Karlgren code: 0097 a-g
Go-on: u
Kan-on: u
Japanese reading: u;aa;koko;ni;yori;yuku
Shijing occurrences: 2.1, 6.1, 7.2, 7.3, 9.2, 9.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 13.1, 13.2, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 25.1, 25.2, 26.4, 28.1, 28.2, 28.3, 31.3, 31.5, 33.1, 33.2, 35.5, 39.1, 39.2, 39.3, 50.1, 50.2, 50.3, 51.2, 54.1, 54.4, 57.3, 58.1, 58.2, 58.5
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-fanqie,bigchina-rhyme,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jap,bigchina-shijing,
Search within this database
Chinese Dialects :
Search within this database
Number: 26
Character: 于
MC description : 遇合三平虞云
ZIHUI: 0060 1005
Beijing: y 12
Jinan: y 12
Xi'an: y 12
Taiyuan: y 1
Hankou: y 12
Chengdu: y 12
Yangzhou: y 12
Suzhou: y 12
Wenzhou: ɦu 12
Changsha: y 12
Shuangfeng: y 12
Nanchang: y 31
Meixian: ji 12
Guangzhou: jy 12
Xiamen: u 12
Chaozhou: i 11
Fuzhou: y 11
Shanghai: y 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: iu 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
Search within this database
Kiranti etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Kiranti: *wòŋ
Meaning: enter
Sunwar: ō-ca
Tulung: hu(ŋ)- (AS wamu)
Kaling: wonä (woŋɔ)
Comments: Toba 89 *woŋ-.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,kiret-notes,
Search within this database
Dumi dictionary :
Search within this database
Entry: oNnɨ
Grammar: vi-3 uN-oN
Meaning: enter
Nepali: pasnu.
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,
Search within this database
Kulung dictionary :
Search within this database
Entry: wɔ:ma
Grammar: vi-3 [1: wɔN- 2: wɔ:-]
Meaning: enter
Nepali: pasnu.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,
Search within this database
Yamphu dictionary :
Search within this database
Entry: oŋma I
Stem: <oks- ; oŋ->
Grammar: v.intr. & v.tr.
Meaning: 1) to come up, to pop up, to be sent up, to be uprooted; oŋghäʔma (of trees and long things) to fall over, to be uprooted; 2) to bring up, to cause to go up, to lift up with a lever, e.g. the rice-husker; oŋdima to lift up and place on top; oŋnema to kill, to finish off by uprooting
Comments: saraŋ.beʔ ra:p.nuŋ oŋ.häks.u. (foot.LOC sei:e.SOC fell.INEF.о3) He seized him by his feet and threw him down.
Nepali: jarādheki jānu, ḍhalnu
yamet-prnum,yamet-stem,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-comments,yamet-nepali,
Search within this database
Yenisseian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Yenisseian: *hejVŋ
Meaning: to go
Ket: ējeŋ1 / ɛjeŋ5
Yug: ejiŋ1
Kottish: hejaŋ "to go" (cf. also ijaŋ "go away", praet. uijaŋ, imp. anu; асс. ujáha (Сл., Кл., М.) "ride on horse", pulán-ujáha (М., Сл.), pulan-ajáha (Кл.) "to walk" (puláŋ "feet")
Comments: ССЕ 231. Werner 1, 265-266 (where hejaŋ is compared to ējeŋ) - but 1, 472, where it is treated completely differently (see *gaj).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
Search within this database
Burushaski etymology :
Search within this database
Common Burushaski: *ne-
Meaning: walk (go)
Yasin: né-
Hunza: ní-
Nagar: ní-
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
Search within this database
Basque etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Basque: *e=oHa-n
Meaning: to go
Bizkaian: joan, juan, fuan, fan
Gipuzkoan: joan, fan
High Navarrese: joan, goan, gan
Low Navarrese: juan
Salazarese: fan
Lapurdian: goan, gan
Baztanese: gan
Aezkoan: fan
Zuberoan: joan, juan, jun [žũn]
Roncalese: [xwan], fan, [šwan]
Comments: There are many localized developments of joan > [xwan] > [fan], etc. See Michelena (1961: 173). As pointed out by Jacobsen (1995) some northern dialects have forms with -h-: noha 'I am going', etc. Comparison with PNC *=iχ_wV 'to go, come, enter' is also possible.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-azk,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
Search within this database
Austric etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Austric: *jVŋ
Meaning: to go, walk
Austroasiatic meaning: go, walk
Miao-Yao parallels: Yao jaŋ.3 to walk
Proto-Thai: ja:ŋ.B to go, to step
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-myao,austr-tai,
Search within this database
Austro-Asiatic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Austro-Asiatic: jVŋ
Meaning: go, walk
Thai: ja:ŋ.B to go, to step
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-pawa,
Search within this database
Palaung-Wa etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Palaung-Wa:
Meaning: walk
pawaet-meaning,pawaet-prnum,pawaet-pran,
Search within this database
Angku etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Angku: *jaŋ or *ja:[k]
Meaning: walk
Pangpin: jak.55 go, walk
Gantang: jiak.55 run
Mang'an: jak.55
References: WW-483, WW-484
pranet-meaning,pranet-prnum,pranet-phu,pranet-ph2,pranet-mnn,pranet-bib,
Search within this database
Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generated | Pages generated by this script | 389040 | 3196705 |
| Help
|
StarLing database server | Powered by | CGI scripts | Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin | ![](/images/harbour-button.gif) | Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov |
|