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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *perǝ-, *pro-, *prey-, *perǝm-, *perǝw-, *prom-, etc.
Meaning: fore, first, etc.
Hittite: para 'vorwärts, hervor, hinaus' (Friedrich 159), piran 'vorn, voran' (170)
Tokharian: A ana-pär, B ene-pre (PT *ene-pre) 'before, in front of' (Adams 84); A pärne, B parna 'outside' (PT *päränā-i) (359); A pärwat, B parwe 'earlier, first' (PT *pärwe) (360)
Old Indian: pára- 'far, distant, remote; previous, former', paráḥ prp. 'beyond, further, off, away', párā `away, off etc.'; pū́rva- `first'; prā-tár `at dawn'
Avestan: pairi adv. 'vorne; zuvor, früher'; prp. 'um-herum, "dē"; über--hin; in, bei; von--her, von--weg; ex (aliqua re cognoscere)'; para- 'ulterior, der andere spätere, künftige'; parō prp.
Other Iranian: OPers pariy adv. 'vorne; zuvor, früher'; para- 'ulterior'
Old Greek: ion. próka adv. 'sofort', prómo- 'vordester', prómo-s 'Vorsteher, Vorkämpfer, Führer'; pérǟ(n) 'darüber hinaus, jenseits', parái̯ usw. (prámo-s = prómos dub. on Ar. Th.30); prṓǟn, prṓi̯ǟn `kürzlich, vorgestern'; prōí, att. prō̂i̯, prṓ́ï̯, prō̂i `früh, morgens'
Latin: per prf., bei Adj. verstärkend, prp., prīmus; ? prandium 'Frühmahlzeit' (*prām-ediom); prae; prīvus 'für sich bestehend, einzeln, eigentümlich, eine Sache beraubt'; reci-procus, pl. gen. procum 'procerum', pl. proceres 'die Vornehmster; die aus der Wand herausragenden Balkenköpfe'; procul
Other Italic: Osk per- (peremust 'peremerit'), Osk perum prp. 'sine'; Osk, Umbr pert 'trans, ultra', prf., prp. 'trans'; Umbr promom adv.'primum'
Celtic: *eri-, *ero-: OIrl er, ir 'vor, für', air, ar, Gall are- prf., prp.; OCymr, Corn yr, er 'wegen, für'; OIr ire (*peri̯os) 'ulterior'
Albanian: pɛr prp. 'für, um, über, wegen; von--ehr', pej, pe prp. 'von, aus, über, nach, gegen'; parɛ 'primus'
Russ. meaning: передний, первый и т. д.
References: WP II 29 ff
Comments: + *pres, *pros, *pr̥-, *p(e)ra, *prō̆, *proti, *pru, *porsō(d)
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: пе́рвый,
Near etymology: диал., нареч. пе́рво "сначала", пе́рва, перва́ -- то же (Даль), укр. пе́рвий, др.-русск. пьрвъ, ст.-слав. прьвъ, прьвыи πρῶτος (Клоц., Супр.), болг. пъ́рви, сербохорв. пр̑вӣ, словен. pȓvi, чеш., слвц. prvý, польск. pierwszy, др.-польск. pirwo, рiеrwу, в.-луж. рjеrwу, н.-луж. р́еrwу.
Further etymology: Родственно др.-инд. pū́rvas, pūrvyás "передний, прежний, первый", авест. раurvа-, раоuruуа-, раоirуа- "первый", др.-перс. раruvа-, алб. раrё "первый" (Педерсен, KZ 33, 544; Иокль, IF 36, 129; WuS 12, 68), тохар. А рärvаt "старейший", В pärweṣṣe "первый" (Френкель, IF 50, 7), др.-англ. forwost "первый, предводитель, главарь" (Хольтхаузен, Aengl. Wb. 113), далее лит. pìrmas, др.-прусск. pirmas "первый", лтш. pìrmais; см. Мейе, Ét. 362; Бартоломэ 870 и сл.; IF 22, 107; Траутман, ВSW 220; Арr. Sprd. 399; М.--Э. 3, 225; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 173. В цслав. сложениях перво- соответствует нередко греч. ἀρχι-: первоа́нгел "архангел": греч. ἀρχάγγελος и т. п. Ср. также тепе́рь.
Pages: 3,235
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *pir̂-m-a- adj., *prei(-), *per̂-n-a- adj. (1), *prī-k=
Meaning: first, etc.
Lithuanian: pìrma- 'erster'; priẽ prp. 'bei, an, in Gegenwart von, zu', proklit. prì; pérnai(s), pérnōt, pérniai 'vorjährig'
Lettish: pę̃rn 'vor einem Jahr, im vorigen Jahre', pę̃rns 'vorjährig, firn'
Old Prussian: pirmas 'erster'; prīki(n) 'gegen, wider'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *firna-; *frō-
Meaning: last year, recent
Gothic: { fɛrns 'vorjährig', af (fram) fɛrnin jēra 'apò pérüsi', fɛrnīs 'palaiós'; fǝrra adv. }
Old Norse: { ferri, fjarri adv. }
Swedish: fjär adv.
Old English: feor(r) adv.
English: far
Old Saxon: ferr adv.; { fernun gêre 'im vorigem Jahre' }
Middle Dutch: vroe adv.; vroech, vrouch adj.
Dutch: vroeg
Old Franconian: fruo
Middle Low German: vrō adv.; vrōch adj.
Old High German: { firni 'vetustus' }; fruo adv. `in der Frühe'; fruoi adj. (um 800); ferro '(von) vern, weit (weg), weitab, weithin, hoch, viel, sehr', fer 'fern, weit' (8.Jh.), fer 'fern, entfernt; ausgedehnt (temp.)' (9.Jh.), ferrana 'von fern, von weitem, weitab' adv., adj. (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: vruo adv.; vrüeje adj. `früh'; vër(r), vërre adv.; vërre 'fern, entfernt, weit, auswärtig, fremd'; vërren(e), vërn(e) adv., adj.
German: früh; fern
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-swed,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *pVltV
Meaning: a k. of bird, dove
References: CF. also ND 1830 *ṗEṭV 'to fly; bird': Georg. ṗeṭ- 'bird', Drav. *piṭ- 'small bird': the relationship to *ṗeṭV 'fall, fly' has to be figured out. nostret-meaning,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *pi̯ŏ́ltorV (/-ld-)
Meaning: a k. of small bird
Russian meaning: вид небольшой птицы
Comments: Martin 228, Лексика 174. An expressive root with not quite precise correspondences (like in many bird names). Vocalism is rather hard to reconstruct: in PT we have to assume a secondary delabialization (*buldɨr- > *bɨldur-). Note velar suffixation in several Turkic and Mongolian forms; the PJ form also may go back to *pi̯oltor-ga > *pi̯oltoɣa > *patua. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *bɨldur- (*buldɨr-)
Meaning: a bird smaller than a grey partridge, quail
Russian meaning: рыжая куропатка, степной рябчик
Turkish: bɨldɨrǯɨn
Uzbek: bulduriq 'Steppenhuhn'
Azerbaidzhan: bɨldɨrčɨn (dial.)
Chuvash: pъʷldъʷrǯan (dial.)
Yakut: bɨlǯɨrɨt, bɨllɨrɨt 'snipe'
Kirghiz: bulduruq
Kazakh: buldɨrɨq
Karakalpak: buldɨrɨq
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-azb,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *bolǯir- / *boldur-
Meaning: lark
Russian meaning: жаворонок
Written Mongolian: bulduraɣun, (L 119) bolǯimar, bolǯimur Middle Mongolian: bildu'ur, bilǯi'ur 'lark' (SH) Khalkha: bolǯmor, boǯrogo
Buriat: bulžamar, bulžamūr; bolžūxaj, bulžūxaj 'young of a bird'
Kalmuck: bolǯūxǟ 'young of a bird', buldǝrūn
Ordos: bilǯūxǟ 'little bird'
Comments: KW 50, 59. Mong. > Manchu baldargan 'a k. of bird'. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pilti-
Meaning: a k. of wild duck
Russian meaning: утка-свиязь
Evenki: hiltiwir, hiltiɣir
Comments: ТМС 2, 324. Attested only in Evk., with probable external parallels. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *pìtùrí
Meaning: pigeon
Russian meaning: голубь
Modern Korean: pidulgi
Middle Korean: pìtùrí, pitărki, pitori, pituroki
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *pàtuâ
Meaning: pigeon
Russian meaning: голубь
Old Japanese: patwo
Middle Japanese: fato
Tokyo: háto
Kyoto: hàtô
Kagoshima: ható
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *pud_-
Meaning : dove
Proto-North Dravidian : *pur-ā dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *pUr_-a-
Meaning : pigeon
Tamil : pur_ā, pur_a, pur_avam, pur_avu
Tamil meaning : dove, pigeon
Malayalam : pir_āvu, prāvu
Malayalam meaning : dove, pigeon
Kannada : hor_asu
Kannada meaning : a kind of pigeon
Kannada derivates : (PBh.) por_asu pigeon
Tulu : puda
Tulu meaning : dove, pigeon
Number in DED : 4334
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *bur_-
Meaning : a sort of pigeon
Telugu : bur_r_a-piṭṭe
Number in DED : 4334
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *pur_- (*-r-)
Meaning : dove
Poya Gadba : purus tīte
Number in DED : 4334
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-poya,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *pUd_-
Meaning : pigeon
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *puRaṛ
Meaning : pigeon, dove
Betul Gondi : purār, puṛāṛ "the small speckled ground-dove"
Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : purrāj "dove"
Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : purrāj "dove"
Muria Gondi : purrār (pl. purrask) "pigeon"
Maria Gondi : pur̨aṛ, por̨aṛ(i) "pigeon"
Maria Gondi (Lind) : pogaṛ pitte "pigeon"
Chindwara Gondi : purral (pl. -or) "dove"
Additional forms : Also Gondi_Tr paorish blue rock-dove
Number in DED : 4334
Number in CVOTGD : 2306, 2067
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_w,gonet-gondi_ph,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_l,gonet-gondi_ch,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : por_oz
Meaning: dove (BB)
Number in DED : 4334
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *pur-ā
Meaning : dove
Kurukh : purrā
Malto : pure
Number in DED : 4334
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-dednum,
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