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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *kʷerm-i-
Meaning: worm, caterpillar
Old Indian: kŕ̥mi- m. `worm, insect'
Avestan: {kǝrǝmi-}
Other Iranian: NPers kirm 'worm', Osset kalm `snake, worm'; Sogd budh. krm'yr- (греч. κερμι[ρ]- BSOS 6:946) `worm'
Celtic: OIr cruim `worm'; Cymr pryf `id.'
Albanian: krimb, pl. -a `worm'
Russ. meaning: жаба (червь, гусеница)
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: че́рмный
Near etymology: "красный", цслав., народн. черёмный "рыжеволосый", вятск., перм., сиб. (Даль; см. Шахматов, ИОРЯС 7, I, 305), черемнуха "краснуха, скарлатина", др.-русск. чьрмьнъ "красный, рыжий", ст.-слав. чрьмьнъ ἐρυθρός (Супр.), др.-сербск. чрман, сербохорв. название реки Цр́мница, словен. črmljèn "красный", črmlják, črmnják "яичный желток", чеш., слвц. čermák -- птица "малиновка", в.-луж. čоrk "яичный желток", н.-луж. сеnk -- то же, полаб. саrmаk -- то же, польск. czermień "название растения".
Further etymology: Производные от праслав. *čьrmь "червь", ср. словен. čr̂m "карбункул, червь", родственно лит. kirmìs "червь", kirmuõ -- то же, лтш. сḕrmе, cêrmis "глист", "средство против глистов", растение "Таnасеtum vulgare", др.-инд. kŕ̥miṣ "червь, личинка", авест. kǝrǝmi-, нов.-перс. kirm, алб. krimb, ирл. cruim, кимр. рrуf "червь"; см. Бернекер I, 169; Траутман, ВSW 134; Шпехт 45; М.--Э. I, 378; Зубатый, IF 6, 155 и сл.; Педерсен, Kelt. Gr. 1, 43; Г. Майер, Alb. Wb. 206; Френкель, Lit. Wb. 257. Ср. также червь.
Trubachev's comments: [См. еще Ерне, Diе slav. Farbenben., Упсала, 1954, стр. 33 и сл. -- Т.]
Pages: 4,344
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *kir̃m-i-, *kir̃m-ia- c., *kir̃m-ō̃ (-en-es), *kir̃m-iā̃ f., *ker̃m-a- c., ker̃m-ia- c.,*ker̃m-iā̃ f.
Meaning: worm
Lithuanian: kirmìs `Wurm, Schlange, Lindwurm', kirmuõ, acc. kir̃menį `id.'
Lettish: cirmis; cirmenis, cìrmęns, cirmene, cirmin̨š, cìrminis, cìrmulis2 `Wurm, Made, Milbe; Raupe', cḕrme, cêrmis2, cę̂rms2 `Rainfarn (Tanacetum vulgare); jedes die Spulwürmer abführende Mittel'
Old Prussian: girmis [l. wohl kirmis] `Made' V. 786
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1101
Root: kʷr̥mi-
English meaning: worm, grub
German meaning: `Wurm, Made'
Material: Ai. kŕ̥mi- `Wurm, Made'; np. kirm `Wurm'; alb. krimp (krim-bi), geg. krüm ds.;
air. cruim `Wurm', urir. kʷrimi-, cymr. pryf, corn. ds. `Wurm', bret. préñv ds.; gall. FlN *Primia > nhd. Pfrimm, Primantia > nhd. Prims;
apr. girmis (leg. kirmis) `Made'; lit. kirmìs m. f. usw. ds., lett. cirmins m. ds., lett. cḕrme f. `Spulwurm' Mühlenbach-Endzelin I 378 u. 386;
sloven. čr̂m `Karbunkel, Fingerwurm', poln. czerń (für *czerḿ? vgl. skr. cr̂n `robigo' für *cr̂m?) `Würmer im faulenden Fleisch', czermień `Schlangenkraut', czermiówka `Natternkraut';
dazu Adj.-Bildung sl. *čьrmьnъ `rot', abg. črъmьnъ `rot', črъmьnovati sę `feuerrot werden' usw.;
die e-Hochstufe scheint in lett. cèrme f. `Regenwurm', cer̂me `Wurm' vorzuliegen; neben sl.*čьrmь findet sich *čьrvь mit eigenartigem vi-Suffix: abg. črъvь `Wurm', russ. červь usw.; vgl. lit. *skirvis `Ameise'?
References: WP. I 523, Trautmann 134, Specht KZ. 65, 212 f., Idg. Dekl. 45, 181.
Pages: 649
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḲorV
Meaning: worm
Comments: [Other similar forms: PA *k`i̯ā̀re; PK *grc̣q̇il- 'flea'; PD *girŋgil 'cricket' (1569); cf. *ḳVrV]
References: МССНЯ 338, ОСНЯ 1, 358; ND 942 *kuʔrVt/dV 'worm, parasytic insect' (Turk. + PKoGa); 1140 *ḲuR[E] 'worm, maggot'; 1177 *ḳ[u]R[ʕV]dV 'stinging insect'; 1180 *ḳirKV 'stinging insect' (Kartv. *ḳrḳil- + TM + some SH); 1183 *ḲuRmV 'worm, insect'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ṓro
Meaning: worm; gad-fly
Russian meaning: червь; овод
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Kūrt
Meaning: worm
Russian meaning: червь
Old Turkic: qurt (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: qurt (MK, KB) Turkish: kurt
Tatar: qort
Uzbek: qurt
Uighur: qurut
Azerbaidzhan: Gurd
Turkmen: Gūrt
Khakassian: xurt
Chuvash: xort
Yakut: kurǯaɣa 'small parasites'
Dolgan: kurǯaga
Tuva: qu'rt
Tofalar: qu'rt
Kirghiz: qurt
Kazakh: qu_rt
Balkar: qurt
Gagauz: qurt
Karaim: qurt
Karakalpak: qurt
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *koro-kai
Meaning: worm, insect
Russian meaning: червь, насекомое
Written Mongolian: qoroqai (L 970: qoruqai) Middle Mongolian: qoroxai (HY 12), qorɣi (IM), qoraɣaj (MA) Khalkha: xorxoj
Buriat: xorxoj
Kalmuck: xorxǟ
Ordos: xoroxȫ
Dongxian: Guɣi
Baoan: GorGei, GorGi
Dagur: xorgō (Тод. Даг. 177), xorog, xorugu, horehe (MD 164) Shary-Yoghur: xoroxGui
Monguor: xorGwī (SM 173), xorGui, xurGoi Comments: KW 188, MGCD 302, 367. Cf. also Kalm. xor 'die Maden der Viehbremse (im Vieh)' (KW 187). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xirga-
Meaning: gad-fly
Russian meaning: овод
Evenki: irgakta
Even: ịrgъ̣t
Negidal: ịjgakta
Spoken Manchu: iǯā (2262)
Literary Manchu: iǯa
Ulcha: sịǯaqta
Orok: sịǯịqta
Nanai: sịGaqta
Udighe: iga
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1288
Proto: *karmV (*karpV, *karwV)
English meaning: fly
German meaning: Fliege
Finnish: kärpänen, (SKES dial.) kärvänen 'Fliege' ( > lapp. Ko. gœrp, I keärpȧǯ)' [cf. also käärme 'snake' - SAS]
Estonian: kärbane (gen. kärbase), kärbes (gen. kärbse), kärmes (gen. kärmse)
Mordovian: karvo (E) (Wied., ERS), karu (M) (Ahlqv., MoRS)
Mari (Cheremis): karme (U B)
K. Redei's notes: Finn. nen und est. ne, s sind Ableitungssuffixe. Ostseefinn. ä der ersten Silbe anstelle des zu erwartenden a dürfte mit dem onomat. Charakter des Wortes zusammenhängen. Die inlautende Konsonantenverbindung kann nicht bestimmt werden. Ihre Vielfalt (rp, rv, rb, rm) läßt sich auf den onomat. Charakter des Wortes zurückführen. Durch den onomat. Charakter des Wortes ist auch tscher. O a statt o zu erklären. Onomat. Äimä (MSFOu. 45:66-7) stellt ostj. (Ahlqv.) käpši, käpšäi 'Fliege' zu der obengenannßten Wortfamilie, was jedoch wegen der abweichenden inlautenden Konsonantenverbinßdung des ostj. Wortes nicht akzeptabel ist.
Addenda: Liv. (Kett.) kär̄mi
References: Lindström: Suomi 1852:52; Ahlqvist, MMdGr. 155; VglWb. 150; Anderson, Stud. 265; Genetz: Suomi 1897/3/13:27; Setälä: FUFA 12:7; Toivonen: FUF 17:281, 18:188; Wichmann: Vir. 1913:132, 1915:113, FUF 15:20, TscherT 57; Sauvageot' Rech. 88; Räsänen: Vir. 1947:166; SKES.
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-redei,uralet-add,uralet-lit,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳrḳil-
Russian meaning: моль
English meaning: moth
Georgian: rḳil-, dial. ḳirḳil-; cf. also ḳril- 'to gnaw, make holes (of woodworms)'
Megrel: ḳirḳil-, ḳiḳil-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 116, EWK 209. Редуплицированная основа, которую можно сравнить с алт. *k`iūrV (также с редупликацией *k`iūrVk`V 'червь; овод'), ПИЕ *kʷr-mi 'червь' (ср. ОСНЯ 1, 358, без картв. форм).
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-notes,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *kur[V]m-
Meaning : spider
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-gnd,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kurm-
Meaning : spider
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *gurm-
Meaning : spider
Manda : gurma
Number in DED : 1800
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-manda,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kurm-a
Meaning : spider
Kui : kurma, gurma
Dongriya Kuwi : kurma
Notes : In Kui probably a voiced variant, assimilated to two resonants.
Number in DED : 1800
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_d,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *qura-
Meaning: pinworms, eel
Russian meaning: глисты, угорь
Comments: The stem with meaning 'eel' is easily linked to 'worm' on semantic grounds, but certainly cannot be compared with the stem 'to split with wedge' as has been done in CED.
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 312
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-newcom,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *qu[r]a-ʁta-, *qu[r]a-Гut-na-
Meaning: pinworms, anal itch 1, eel 2
Russian Meaning: глисты, зуд в заднице 1, угорь 2
Chaplino: //quɣaχtaq 1, 'type of small fish'
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: quaχtaq 1
Chugach (AAY): KP quɣūtn_aq 2
Central Alaskan Yupik: quaχta 1, quaχūk 'stickleback'
Chevak (Peripheral): quɣautn_aq NI 'wolf fish'
Nunivak (Peripheral): quɣautn_aq 'wolf fish'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 312
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-chap,yupet-aay,yupet-chug,yupet-cay,yupet-chev,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *quaqta, *qurrau'na- (~ -'r-)
Meaning: pinworms, anal itch 1, eel 2
Russian meaning: глисты, зуд в заднице 1, угорь 2
Seward Peninsula Inupik: quaqta 1
SPI Dialects: ~ Imaq quwánaq 'sheat-fish'
North Alaskan Inupik: quaqta 1
Western Canadian Inupik: quaqta(q) 1
WCI Dialects: Car, EP quɣjauknaq [Ow.] 2
Eastern Canadian Inupik: quaqtaq 1
ECI Dialects: Iti qujjaunaq 'fish like an eel'
Greenlandic Inupik: quaʁtaq 1, quššānnaq 'butterfish, gunnel'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 312
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-ecis,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVRV
Meaning : worm
Afroasiatic : *kVwr- (Berb., Chad.)
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ḳắrā
Meaning: mosquito
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ḳ_ărā ( ~ -ǝ̄)
Meaning: mosquito; gadfly
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. In PTs we would rather expect *-r-; this must be a rare case of *r/l variation in PGB (this feature is much more common in PTsKh). However, despite this, it seems impossible to separate the PTs form from the PA and PN.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *garu
Meaning: gadfly
Chechen: gora
Ingush: gor
Comments: 6th class in both languages.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ḳ:ara
Meaning: 1 mosquito 2 gadfly 3 ant, bug
Avar: ḳ:ará 1
Chadakolob: ḳará 1
Andian language: ḳ:ara 1
Akhvakh: ḳ:ara 3
Chamalal: c̣:ara 2 (Gig.)
Tindi: ḱ:ara 1
Karata: ḳ:ara 2
Bagvalal: č̣:ara 1
Godoberi: ḱ:ara 1,2
Comments: Av. paradigm B (ḳ:ará-dul; Chad. ḳirí-l, ḳará-l). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg., Tlan. ḳ:ara 'mosquito'. Cham. U.-Gakv. ḳ:ara (as well as Gig. - in a MSU recording - ḳ:ara) is a recent loan from Avar. Old Cham. or Tind. > Khvarsh. (Ram.) ,Inkh. ḳara 'mosquito'. Av. > Arch. ḳara id.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *kelɔ
Meaning: mosquito
Bezhta: kälä
Gunzib: kelo
Comments: PGB *kelɔ (cf. also Bezht. Tlad. kelä).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *k(h)r[ā]ŋ
Meaning: mosquito
Burmese: khraŋ mosquito, LB *s-kraŋ.
Kachin: ǯiʔ2-groŋ2 a mosquito.
Lushai: KC *krāŋ (?).
Comments: Mikir tim-kraŋ; Rawang mǝ-gaŋ; Trung kǝ3-raŋ2 fire-fly. Sh. 405; Ben. 71; Mat. 165. Cf. perhaps Serdukpen graŋ-bi 'worm'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *kharú
Meaning: louse
Yasin: kharú
Hunza: kharū́
Nagar: kharū́
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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