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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *lendh-
Meaning: uncultivated land
Celtic: OIr land `freier Platz', dat. ith-laind area (ith- `Getreide'); OCymr it-lann, NCymr ydlan `area', MCymr lan `area', Corn lan `Heide, Steppe', Bret lann `Heide, Steppe'; Gall *landa > Fr lande
Russ. meaning: чисто поле
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: ляда́
Near etymology: "поле, поросшее молодым лесом, новь", укр. ля́до "место в лесу, заросшее сосной", блр. ля́до "новь", др.-русск. лядина "пустошь, сорняки, густой кустарник", ляде́ть "зарастать (молодой порослью)", болг. ле́да, ледина́ "новь, (горный) луг", сербохорв. лѐдина, ледѝна "пустошь, новь, целина", словен. ledína, чеш. lada мн. "необработанные поля", lado "пустошь, пар", слвц. lado -- то же, польск. ląd "суша, материк, континент", в.-луж. lado "земля под паром", н.-луж. lědo.
Further etymology: Праслав. *lędо родственно др.-прусск. lindan "долина" -- форма вин. ед.; с другой ступенью чередования: шв. lindа "пар", гот. land "земля", ирл. land, lann ж. "свободное место"; см. Стокс 239; Бернекер 1, 705; Траутман, ВSW 157; Арr. Sprd. 370; Торп 362. Связь с др -исл. lundr "роща" (см. Лиден, РВВ 15, 521 и сл.; Бернекер, там же; Френкель, ВSрr. 63 и сл.; Мух, Z.f.d.Alt 42, 170 и сл.) не ясна. Нельзя говорить о кельт. происхождении *lędo, вопреки Шахматову (AfslPh 33, 90 и сл.; см. Фасмер, RS 6, 191), поскольку тогда ожидалось бы *lǫdo.
Trubachev's comments: [Рудницкий (ВРТJ, 15, 1956, стр. 135) считает и.-е. *lendh- "пустошь, степь" словом доиндоевроп. происхождения. -- Т.]
Pages: 2,549
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *lind-a- n.
Meaning: valley
Old Prussian: lindan 'Tal'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *landa-n; *landiōn; *lunda-z; *lindiōn
Meaning: land
Gothic: land n. (a) `land, region'
Old Norse: land n. `Land'; lund-r m. `Hain, Baum'; lenda f. `Landbesitz'
Norwegian: land; lund
Swedish: land; linda `Brachfeld, Saatfeld', lund `Hain, Wald'
Danish: land; lund
Old English: land, -es n. `land (as opposed to water or air), earth; land, country, region, district; land, landed properly, estate, cultivated land, country (as opposed to town)'
Old Frisian: lond
Old Saxon: land `Land'
Middle Dutch: lant
Dutch: land n.
Middle Low German: lant
Old High German: lant `Land' (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: lant (-d-) st. n. 'land, erde, gebiet, heimat; einwohnerschaft eines landes'
German: Land n.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1164
Root: lendh-3
English meaning: free land, heath, steppe
German meaning: `freies Land, Heide, Steppe'
Material: Air. land `freier Platz' (Dat. ith-laind `area', mit ith `Getreide'), gall.-rom. *landā `Heide', mcymr. llan `area' (acymr. it-lann, ncymr. ydlan `area'), corn. lan, bret. lann `Heide, Steppe' (kelt. -an- wie im Typus lat. frangō : brechen, d. i. en?); schwed. dial. linda `Brachfeld' (*lendhi̯ā), got. aisl. as. ags. land, ahd. lant `Land'; dazu mit Tiefstufe aisl. lundr `Hain';
apr. Akk. Sg. lindan `Tal'; russ. ljádá `mit jungem Holz bewachsenes Feld; Neubruch, Rodeland; niedriger, nasser und schlechter Boden', čech. lada, lado `Brache'.
References: WP. II 438 f., Trautmann 157; nach E. Lewy PBB. 32, 138 zu lendh-2.
Pages: 675
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *lamdV
Meaning: low, lowland
References: МССНЯ 351, ND 1303 *l̄am(V)d[i] 'low' ( + err. Mong.). [? Cf. PAA *ladd- ~ *lVʔVd- 'plot of land'; PSC *lhĕmŁ_wĭ 'land' - suggested by V. Glumov]. nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-ura,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 461
Proto: *lamte
English meaning: low, lowland
German meaning: niedrig, tief; Tiefland
Finnish: lansi (gen. lannen) 'niedrig, Tiefland', lantea 'niedrig', lansea id., lansa 'tiefe Stelle im Meere', lantu- 'niederfallen, niedersinken', lanto 'Tiefland, Tal' ( > Saam. N laddo 'pond, tarn', L sladdō, slattōi 'kleiner Waldteich')
Estonian: laas (gen. laane) 'dichter Laubwald auf feuchtem Boden', dial. land (gen. landu) 'stehende Lache'
Saam (Lapp): luow'de- -wd- (N) 'to lie down flat, lie down on one's knees and elbows or hands', (L) luob'tē ~ luog'tē- 'sich mit eingeknickten Beinen auf den Leib legen' ?
Mordovian: land́a- (E M) 'присесть на корточки, сесть' ?
Mari (Cheremis): landaka (KB) 'kleine Niederung, niedrige Stelle bes. im Walde'
Udmurt (Votyak): lud (S K G M) 'Feld, Ackerfeld'
Komi (Zyrian): lud (Peč.), vud (P) 'Waldweide, Wiese', lud (PO) 'kleines Feld'
Nenets (Yurak): lamtū (ō) 'niedrig; kurzgewachsen'
Enets (Yen): loddu (Ch.), luddu (B) 'niedrig'
Selkup: lamdukka (NP), lămdek (N)
Sammalahti's version: (Fi Ud Ko) *le"nsi
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-slk,uralet-samm2,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'ivtǝ-l (~ *ĺivtǝ-l)
Meaning (Rus.): низкий
Comments: Сюда же ПК *'i(ʷ)tǝl-m-ǝn 'нижний, ительмен' (1015).
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,kamet-comments,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *(c)iftǝ-(ɫ)
Meaning (Rus.): низ, внизу 1, нижний, низкий 2, ниже 3
Chukchee: (c)íwtǝl 1, (c)iwtǝ- 2, éuca (< eutca) adv. 3
Koryak: iwtǝɫ 1, iwtǝ- 2
Palan: (h)iwtǝl, ewtǝ-la-ŋ-qal 1, íwtǝ-, (h)iwtǝl-kin 2
Alutor: iwtǝl, 1, iwtǝ- 2, iwtǝl-kin* adj. 2
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *t-nŭ-m
Meaning (Rus.): нижний, южный
Itelmen: tnŭm 1
Itelmen meaning: нижний, южный 1, юг 2, внизу (вниз, снизу) 3
West Itelmen: tɨnum-nɨn poss. 1, tɨnum-k loc. (tnom-ke adr., tɨnom-x/kal abl.) 2
West Itelmen meaning: imus 1, subter, infra (in humum, de orsum, ab imo) 2
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): dolny, niski 1, na doɫu (na ziemię, na dóɫ, z doɫu) 2
South Itelmen: 'uteĺman
South Itelmen meaning (Latin): inferior
South Itelmen meaning (Polish): dolny
Number in Volodin 1976: 339, 148
Comments: См. *'i(ʷ)tǝl-m-ǝn 'ительмен, нижний' (1015)
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-sit,itelet-sitmea,itelet-sitmep,itelet-vol,itelet-comments,
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