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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 2204
Root: u̯ī̆ro-s
English meaning: man; warrior
German meaning: `Mann', eigentlich `der Kräftige'
Material: Mit ī: ai. vīrá-, av. vīra- `Mann, Held', umbr. Akk. Pl. n. u(e)iro `mancipia', volsk. Abl. Sg. couehriu `*coviriō, contiōne', lit. výras, lett. wîrs, apr. wijrs `Mann'; skyth. οἰόρ `ἄνδρα' (Herod. 4, 110), richtiger οἰρο- = vīro-; ai. virapśá- aus *vīra-pśv-a- (: av. pasu vīra) `Menschen und Vieh', vgl. umbr. ueiro pequo ds. Mit ĭ: lat. vir `Mann', in der älteren Sprache auch das einzige Wort für `Gatte', wozu virāgō `mannhafte Jungfrau, Heldin', virtus `Mannhaftigkeit, Tüchtigkeit, Tugend', air. fer `Mann', cymr. usw. gwr, Pl. gwyr (zu welchem der Sg. gwr analogisch dazugebildet ist), got. waír, aisl. verr, ahd. as. ags. wer `Mann', toch. A wir `jung'; nhd. Werwolf; wahrscheinlich zu lat. vīs `Kraft' usw., *u̯ei- `auf etwas losgehen', s. d.
References: WP. I 314 f., WH. II 796 f., Trautmann 360, W. Schulze Kl. Schr. 398, Untermann, IF. 62, 127.
Pages: 1177-1178
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *wīr-o-
Meaning: man
Old Indian: vīrá- m. `man, hero'
Avestan: vīra- m. 'Mann, Held'
Latin: vir, gen. virī m. `Mann, Gatte', virtus, -ūs f. `Mannhaftigkeit, Tüchtigkeit, Tugend'
Other Italic: Umbr viro, veiro `virōs'
Celtic: OIr fer `Mann'; Cymr gwr, pl. gwyr `Mann'
Russ. meaning: мужчина
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *wī̂r-a- (2) m.
Meaning: man, husband
Lithuanian: vī́ras `Mann; Ehemann, Gatte'
Lettish: vîrs, vìris2 `Mann, Ehemann; Knecht, Arbeiter'
Old Prussian: wijrs; acc. wijrin `Mann'; pl. sallūbai-wīrins `Ehemänner'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *wirá-z
Meaning: man
Gothic: wɛr m. (a) `man'
Old Norse: ver-r m. `Mann, Ehemann'
Norwegian: verfader `Schwiegervater'
Swedish: värbror `Schwager'
Old Danish: värfader `Schwiegervater'
Old English: wer, -es m. `man, male person; man, male that has reached man's estate; being in the form of a man; married or betrothed man; male'
Old Frisian: wer
Old Saxon: wer
Old High German: wer
Middle High German: *wër st. m. 'mann' (in wergelt, werwolf, werlt)
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-oengl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *χwīre
Meaning: man, male
References: ОСНЯ 1, 247-248, МССНЯ 362; ND 817 *H/wurV 'male person/animal' (w/o IE); 2519 *wiχRV 'male, man' (Kartv.+IE+Perm. + some Cush.; some other Cush. can be found under 2530 *w[i]RʒV). nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *i̯òre
Meaning: male, young male
Russian meaning: самец, молодой самец
Comments: The Turkic forms should be kept apart from the reflexes of *ēr < *ā́ri q. v. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *ẹr-kek
Meaning: 1 man 2 husband 3 male
Russian meaning: 1 мужчина 2 муж 3 самец
Karakhanid: erkek 1 (MK, KB) Turkish: erkek 1
Tatar: irkɛk 3
Uzbek: erkak 1
Azerbaidzhan: erkäk 1
Turkmen: erkek 1
Oyrat: erkek 1, 2
Halaj: hịrkäk 1
Yakut: irgex 3
Dolgan: irgek 3
Tuva: irgek 3
Tofalar: i'rxek 3
Kirghiz: erkek 1
Kazakh: erkek 1
Noghai: erkek 1
Bashkir: irkäk 3
Balkar: erkek 1
Gagauz: erkek 1
Karaim: erkek 1
Karakalpak: erkek 1
Salar: ärkex 1
Kumyk: erkek 1
Comments: VEWT 46, TMN 2, 178-9, EDT 192, ЭСТЯ 1, 297-298, 321-322, Лексика 303, 561, Егоров 30, Stachowski 46, 128. We follow Clauson (EDT 223-4) in separating *ēr from *ẹr-kek. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-uzb,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *(h)üreɣe
Meaning: 3 to 5-year-old stallion
Russian meaning: жеребец от трех до пяти лет
Written Mongolian: ürege, ürije (L 1013) Khalkha: ürē
Ordos: ürē
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-kal,monget-ord,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ur
Meaning: 1 male 2 elk (2 y. old) 3 1-year-old deer
Russian meaning: 1 самец 2 лось (2-х лет) 3 олень-однолетка
Evenki: ur 1, urikčān 2
Negidal: ojčān 2
Literary Manchu: urgešen 3
Nanai: ojčã 2
Oroch: uriča 2
Comments: ТМС 2, 281, 284, 285. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *óràpí
Meaning: brother
Russian meaning: брат
Modern Korean: orabi
Middle Korean: óràpí
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *ǝ̀tǝ
Meaning: younger brother
Russian meaning: младший брат
Old Japanese: oto, otopji
Middle Japanese: òtòùtò
Tokyo: otṓto
Kyoto: ótṓtó
Kagoshima: otṓto
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1108
Proto: *urV
English meaning: man, male
German meaning: Mann, Männchen
Finnish: uros (gen. uroon, urhoon) 'erwachsener Mann, Held', uros (gen. uroksen) 'Männchen, zweijähriges männliches Rentier', urho 'Held, Kämpfer', urakka 'zweijähriges männliches Rentier' ?
Saam (Lapp): vârres -r'ras- ~ vâres -rras- 'male animal, a male', vârek 'two-years-old male reindeer' (N), årēs 'Männchen, männlich', årēk, varēk 'zweijähriges Rentier' (I), vi̊øires (T) 'zum männlichen Geschlechte gehörend', oires 'Männchen; männlich' (Kld.), vi̊øireg 'junger zweijähriger Rentierochs' (T) ?
Hungarian: úr (acc. urat) 'Herr; Mann, Gemahl; Fürst', orszag (altung. uruszág) 'Land, Reich, Staat' ? [if not < Turk. or Iran.]
Sammalahti's version: *ura
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-saa,uralet-ugr,uralet-samm2,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *xwir-
Russian meaning: самец, кобель
English meaning: male, male dog
Svan: xwir-
Notes and references: В МССHЯ 362 сравнивается с ПИЕ *wīro-, алт. *orV, урал. *[wɨ]ra.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-sva,kartet-notes,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *ōr-
Meaning : male jackal; to howl
Proto-South Dravidian: *ōr-i dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-koga,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *ōr-i
Meaning : male jackal; howler
Tamil : ōri
Tamil meaning : old jackal, male jackal; male lemur
Malayalam : ōri
Malayalam meaning : howler, jackal; howl, yell
Tulu : ōrige
Tulu meaning : howl
Number in DED : 1061
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ōr-g-
Meaning : to call
Kondekor Gadba : ōrg- (ōrug-)
Number in DED : 1061
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-s_3,kogaet-dednum,
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