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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1225
Root: mātér-
English meaning: mother
German meaning: `Mutter'
General comments: beruht auf dem Lallwort mā, s. dort.
Material: Ai. mātár- `Mutter', av. mātar-, arm. mair ds. (Gen. maur = gr. μητρός usw.); aphryg. Nom. Akk. ματαρ, ματεραν, Gen. ματερεζ; gr. μήτηρ, dor. μά̄τηρ (mit verschobenem Nominativakzent wie θυγάτηρ); dazu hom. Δημήτηρ, thess. Δαμμάτερι; alb. motrë `Schwester' (ursprüngl. `die ältere, Mutterstelle vertretende Schwester'); lat. māter, -tris `Mutter, Amme, Quelle', osk. maatreís, umbr. matrer `matris'; gall. (?) Ματρεβο `Matribus'; air. māthir `Mutter' (cymr. modrydaf `Bienenstock' mit bydaf `Nest wilder Bienen' als 2. Glied); ahd. muoter, ags. mōdor, aisl. mōðir `Mutter'; lit. mótė (Gen. alit. motės, lit. moter̃s) `Weib, Ehefrau' (mótyna `Mutter', motera `Frauenzimmer, Weib'), lett. mâte `Mutter', apr. mūti, mothe `Mutter' (pomatre `Stiefmutter'); aksl. mati (Gen. matere) `Mutter'; toch. A mācar, В mācer. An Ableitungen (z. B. mātruu̯iā) vgl.:
ai. mātr̥ka- `mütterlich', m. `Mutters Bruder', mātr̥kā `Mutter, Großmutter'; aber ncymr. modryb `Muttersschwester', acymr. modrep-ed Pl., abret. motrep, nbret. moereb ds. (*mātrokʷā, zu okʷ- `sehen', als `wie eine Mutter aussehend');
gr. μήτρα f. `Gebärmutter, Mark der Pflanzen', lat. mātrīx `Gebärmutter; Zuchttier', ahd. muodar `Bauch einer Schlange', andd. mōder, afries. mōther `Brustbinde der Frauen', mhd. müeder, nhd. Mieder;
arm. mauru, Gen. maurui `Stiefmutter' (*mātruu̯i̯ā =) gr. μητρυιά̄ `Stiefmutter', zum n-St. erweitert in ags. mōdrige, afries. mōdire, mnd. mödder `Mutters Schwester' (*mōdruu̯i̯ōn-, ahd.muotera ds. nach muoter umgebildet?), mit hochstuf. Formans *mātrō[ū]-: gr. μήτρως, -ω[]ος, dor. μά̄τρως `Oheim oder Großvater mütterlicherseits', μητρώιος `mütterlich' (Bed. nach μήτηρ verändert);
lat. mātrōna `Ehefrau'; mātertera `Mutters Schwester' (*mātro-terā); māteria, māteriēs `Schößlinge von Fruchtbäumen, Bauholz, Nutzholz, Material'; gall. FlN Mātrŏna `Marne' = cymr. GN Modron f.
slav. *mātero- in russ. materój `außerordentlich, groß, stark, fest', serb. mȁtor `alt, bes. von Tieren', abg. materьstvo `πρεσβει̃ον' (: lat. māteriēs).
References: WP. II 229 f., WH. II 49 ff., Berneker II 25, Trautmann 170 f.
Pages: 700-701
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *mā-t-er-
Meaning: mother
Tokharian: A mācar, B mācer (PT *mācer) 'mother' (Adams 447)
Old Indian: mātár- f. `mother'; mātr̥ka- `maternal', m. `maternal uncle', mātr̥kā f. `mother, grandmother'
Avestan: mātar- 'Mutter'
Armenian: mair, gen. maur `Mutter'; mauru, gen. maurui `Schwiegermutter'
Old Greek: mǟ́tēr, gen. mǟtrós, acc. mǟtéra f. `Mutter', a-mǟ́tōr `mutterlos; mǟ́trā f. `Gebärmutter, Mutterleib'; mǟ́trōs m. `männlicher Verwandter der Mutter, Oheim, Grossvater', mǟtrüi̯ǟ́ f. Stiefmutter, Schwiegermutter
Latin: māter, gen. -tris f. `Mutter; Amme'; mātrīx `Gebährmutter; Muttertier, Zuchttier; Stammutter'; mātrōna f. `ehrbare, verheiratete Frau'
Other Italic: Osk maatreís `mātrīs'; Umbr matrer `mātrīs'
Celtic: *māter- > OIr māthir `Mutter'; *mātrkʷā > Gaul Ματρεβο `Matribus'; OCymr pl. modrep-ed `Mattersschwester' NCymr modryb `Muttersschwester', OBret motrep, NB moedreb `Muttersschwester'
Albanian: motrε Schwester
Russ. meaning: мать
Comments: See the "short" form in 720 mā-, *māmā.
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: мать,
Near etymology: род. п. ма́тери, диал. ма́ти, арханг. (Подв.), укр. ма́ти, мать, блр. маць, др.-русск., ст.-слав. мати, род. п. матере μήτηρ, болг. ма́ти, ма́тер, сербохорв. ма̏ти, род. п. ма̏тере, словен. máti, чеш. máti, слвц. mаt᾽, др.-польск. mać, в.-луж. mać, н.-луж. maś.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. mótė, род. п. móter̃s "женщина", лтш. mâte, др.-прусск. mūti, лит. mótinа "мать", др.-инд. mātā (mātár-), авест. mātar-, нов.-перс. mādar, арм. mair, греч. μήτηρ, дор. μά̄τηρ, алб. motrë "сестра" (Г. Майер, Alb. Wb. 287 и сл.), лат. māter, mātrīх "мать", ирл. māthir "мать", д.-в.-н. muoter, др.-исл. móðer, тохар. māсаr; см. Бернекер 2, 26 и сл.; Траутман, ВSW 170 и сл.; М.--Э. 2, 587; Хюбшман 472; Френкель, KZ 61, 271; Педерсен, Kelt. Gr. 1, 48. Отсюда с суф. сравн. степ. др.-русск. матерьша "мачеха" (из *-ьши); ср. лат. matertera "сестра матери, тетка", буквально "подобная матери"; см. Бернекер, там же. В основе лежит слово *mā- из детской речи. Новообразованием является ма́тика "самка зверя или птицы". арханг. (Подв.), олонецк. (Кулик.), ср. о́тик.
Pages: 2,583-584
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *mā̂tē̃ (-er-es) (1), *pā=matr-iā̃ f., *mā̂t-jā̂ f. (1)
Meaning: woman, mother
Lithuanian: mṓtē, gen. -ers, dial., alt -eres `Frau, Weib, Ehefrau, dial. Mutter', mṓteri, gen. -ies, pl. gen. mṓterų̄ `Frau'; pãmōtē `Stiefmutter'; mṓčia 'Mutter' {Lyberis: mṓtē (1) 'жена; мать'; mṓter-is [-ies (s), -ų] (1) 'женщина'; mṓtina (1) 'мать' - В. Ч.}
Lettish: mãte `Mutter; ehrende Bezeichnung für ältere Frau; Weibche bei manchern Tieren; eine Gottheit (in heidnischer Zeit)', pamãte `Stiefmutter'
Old Prussian: mūti Ench. 43:32, muti Grunau 69, mothe V. 170 `Mutter', pomatre `Stiefmutter' V. 180;
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *mōdḗr; *mṓɵri-z; *mōɵrikō
Meaning: mother
Old Norse: mōδir f. `Mutter'; pl. mȫδgin n. `Mother und Sohn'; pl. f. mȫδgur f. `Mutter und Tochter'
Norwegian: moder; dial. megga `Frau'
Old Swedish: Run. múɵkini; muɵrku
Swedish: moder
Old Danish: Run. mūɵrkin
Danish: moder
Old English: mōdor, gen. mōdor/mēder f. `mother (of human beings and animals)'
English: mother
Old Frisian: mōder `Mutter'; mōther `Brustbinde der Frauen'
Old Saxon: mōdar; mōdire `Mutters Schwester'
Middle Dutch: moeder f.
Dutch: moeder f.
Old Franconian: muoder; OLG mōder `Brustbinde der Frauen'
Old High German: muoter `Mutter' (8.Jh.); muotera `Mutters Schwester'; muodar (11.Jh.) `Bauch, Mutter(leib), Haut, die Brust umschliessendes Kleidungsstück für Männer und Frauen, Leibchen'
Middle High German: muoter st. f. an. 'mutter (von menschen, tieren u. pflanzen)'; muoder st. n. 'bauch; rundlicher leib, leibesgestalt; oberfläche des körpers, haut; die brust umschliessendes kleidungsstück, leibchen, mieder; bauchige wölbung des bewegten meeres'
German: Mutter f.; [ Mieder с диал. фонетикой ]
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ʔVmV
Meaning: mother, woman
References: ND 39 *ʔemA, 1356 *mA(ʔ)a(-yV). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ĕ̀me
Meaning: woman, female
Russian meaning: женщина, самка
Comments: EAS 116, Цинциус 1972a, 20-27, Menges 1984, 265, АПиПЯЯ 89, 279. In Jpn. cf. also omo 'mother' (see Ozawa 61, Murayama 1962, 110, Miller 1985a, 82); in MKor. also ǝ́mí 'mother' (see Martin 236). Jpn. mia represents a relatively rare case of a loss of initial vowel in Japanese. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *eme
Meaning: 1 female 2 old woman
Russian meaning: 1 самка 2 старуха
Karakhanid: oma (MK "Tibetan") 1 (?) Turkish: dial. eme 2
Azerbaidzhan: dial. ämä 2
Chuvash: ama 1
Kirghiz: eme 2
Comments: VEWT 42, ЭСТЯ 220, Егоров 25, EDT 156 (a "nursery" word, spread also in other Altaic languages). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-azb,turcet-chv,turcet-krg,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *eme
Meaning: 1 woman 2 wife
Russian meaning: 1 женщина 2 жена
Written Mongolian: eme 1 (L 311) Middle Mongolian: eme 1, emege (HY 29), emegu'un 2 (HY 30, SH), emä (IM), imä̆ (MA) 1 Khalkha: em 1, emgen 2
Buriat: eme 1
Kalmuck: emǝ 1
Ordos: eme 1, emegen 'old woman'
Dongxian: eme 1
Baoan: eme 1
Dagur: emgun, emeg 1, 2 (Тод. Даг. 139), eme (MD, 143) 1,2 Shary-Yoghur: eme 1
Monguor: imu (: xara ~) 'nom que la jeune fille se donn devant ses parents le jour de son mariage' (SM 192), mugen 'femme âgée' (SM 245) monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *emV
Meaning: 1 mother-in-law 2 female 3 female deer, elk
Russian meaning: 1 теща, свекровь 2 самка 3 самка оленя, лося
Evenki: emugde, umigde 3
Even: ömiri 3
Negidal: umigde 3
Spoken Manchu: emǝxǝ 1 (926)
Literary Manchu: emile 2, emeke 1
Nanai: emxe 1
Comments: ТМС 2, 268, 451-452. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *ámh
Meaning: woman, wife, female
Russian meaning: женщина, жена, самка
Modern Korean: am
Middle Korean: ám (ámh-)
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *mía
Meaning: 1 woman 2 female
Russian meaning: 1 женщина 2 самка
Old Japanese: mje 1
Middle Japanese: mé 1
Tokyo: me-sú 2
Kyoto: mé-sù
Kagoshima: me-sú
Hateruma: mìdùmú 1
Yonakuni: mìnúNà 1
Comments: JLTT 474, 476. Although modern dialects point to *mià-sù, RJ has explicitly mé with a high tone. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-hat,japet-yon,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 136
Proto: *emä
English meaning: mother, female
German meaning: Mutter, Weib
Finnish: emä 'Weibchen; Mutter; Gebärmutter' ( > Saam. jì.èmie 'Gebärmutter'), emäntä 'Hausmutter, Wirtin', emäsika 'Sau'
Estonian: ema 'Mutter; Gebärmutter'
Saam (Lapp): ǣmest (N) 'von der Geburt an', ǣme-lii'ke 'die Haut des neugeborenen Kindes', iemē ~ ǟmē (L) 'von Anfang an, von Natur'
Hungarian: eme (emét) (dial.) 'Sau; (altung.) Weibchen', em-bēr 'Mensch; (dial.) Mann', em-se (dial.) 'Sau'
Nenets (Yurak): ńeb́e (O), ńeḿe (Nj.) 'Mutter'
Enets (Yen): ǟ (Ch.)
Nganasan (Tawgi): ńame
Selkup: ämä (TaU), awa (Ke.), äwä (Ty.), ē̮mi̮ (Tur.)
Janhunen's version: (110) *ä/emä
Sammalahti's version: *emä
Addenda: Koib. имада; Mot. ima-m (Px1Sg.); Taig. emme, ima-m (Px1Sg.)
Yukaghir parallels: emėi 'Mutter; mother'
References: FUV; SKES; Budenz MUSz. 783; EtSz.; MSzFgrE; TESz.; SzófSz.; Paas. Beitr. 12; Collinder JukUr. 76; Angere J. Die uralo-jukagirische Frage..., 128
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-janh,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,uralet-yuk,uralet-lit,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *áma-
Meaning : mother (hon.)
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *amma Notes : The most common, and most certainly, primary meaning of the stem is 'mother'; however, much like *ápa-, this is the "formal" root for this relative, and is in that function opposed to *aj- q. v. // Present in 5/6 branches. dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-bra,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *ammā ~ *ammai
Meaning : mother
Tamil : ammā, ammāḷ
Tamil meaning : mother, matron, lady
Tamil derivates : (also amma, ammamma) excl. of pity, surprise, joy; ammai mother, name of various goddesses, grandmother; amman_ai mother, lady; amman_ goddess; amman_ē excl. of surprise; ammācci, ammāttāḷ, ammāy maternal grandmother; ammān_ maternal uncle, wife's father, husband of father's sister; ammāmmi maternal uncle's wife, husband's mother; ammanti maternal uncle's wife; ammāñci son of a maternal uncle, fool; ammaŋkār, ammaŋkāḷ daughter of a maternal uncle, wife of a Vaiṣṇava priest; ammaṇi term of respect used in referring to or calling a woman
Malayalam : amma
Malayalam meaning : mother, goddess (esp. Kāḷi)
Malayalam derivates : interj. (also ammē, ammammā); ammamma mother's mother; ammān, ammāvan, ammāman, ammōn, ammōman maternal uncle; ammāyi, ammāvi maternal aunt, uncle's wife, mother-in-law; ammiṇi affectionate appellation esp. of infants, sometimes of mother and wife
Kannada : amma, ama
Kannada meaning : mother, respectable woman, grandmother, village goddess; interj. denoting pain or weariness, grief, surprise (also amama, ammamma)
Kannada derivates : amba, ambe mother
Kodagu : ammë
Kodagu meaning : Amma Coorg (a brahminized subcaste of Coorgs, said to be descended from a Coorg man and a Brahman girl [their amma or mother] whose customs they observe)
Kodagu derivates : fem. ammati
Tulu : amma
Tulu meaning : mother, lady
Tulu derivates : amme father; ammayya interj. of sorrow or pain; tammalè maternal uncle, father-in-law
Irula : amme
Irula meaning : father
Notes : The most common stem is the one ending in *-ā; *ammai is also reconstructible on the basis of Tam. ammai, Mal. amma, Iru. amme. Kannaḍa forms with -mb- seem to have been reborrowed from Indo-Aryan. The meaning 'mother' is common for almost all dialects, but in some of them the derivative form *ammai has assumed the meaning 'father' (cf. Tam. ammān_ 'maternal uncle, wife's father', i. e. 'he-of-mother').
Number in DED : 0183
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-iru,sdret-irumean,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *am-
Meaning : mother goddess of the Kota trinity
Kota : amn, amnōr, amnāc
Number in DED : 183
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *amma
Meaning : mother, matron; hon. title of woman; interj. expr. surprise
Telugu : amma
Dialectal forms (1) : ama
Additional forms : Also [1] ammāyi, [2] ammi girl
Number in DED : 183
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *amma
Meaning : mother; sister
Kolami : amma (pl. ammanev) "mother"
Naikri : amma "mother"
Naiki : amṛo "elder brother's wife"
Salur Gadba : ammi "younger sister"
Additional forms : Also Kolami avre tāk ammaner their parents (tāk father); Naiki amma tāk parents
Number in DED : 183
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-naiki,kogaet-salur,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *amma-
Meaning : female relative
Notes : The Gondi semantic shift to 'father' can be connected with the "extra" suffix -l.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *ammal
Meaning : father; grandmother
Maria Gondi : ammal (pl. -or) "father"
Seoni Gondi : ammal (pl. ammahku) "mother's mother"
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : amma "father"
Number in DED : 183
Number in CVOTGD : 67, 68
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_s,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : ama (pl. amek)
Meaning: grandmother; used in addressing wife in a folktale
Number in DED : 183
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ama
Meaning : father's sister
Pengo : ama
Manda : ama
Number in DED : 183
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *amma
Meaning : maternal relation
Kui : ama, amali, amadi "father's sister, maternal uncle's wife, lady"
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : amma "paternal aunt"
Kuwi (Schulze) : amma "aunt, mother-in-law"
Number in DED : 183
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-dednum,
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Brahui etymology :
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Brahui : ammā
Meaning : mother, grandmother; respectful term of address to any woman
Number in DED : 183
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *ǝma
Meaning: grand-mother, mother
Russian meaning: бабушка, мама
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 109
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *ǝma
Meaning: grand-mother
Russian Meaning: бабушка
Chaplino: ǝmmaj voc. 'mother!'
Naukan: ǝ́ma, ǝmáŋa
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: ǝma, ǝmāq
Central Alaskan Yupik: mauʁluq, maχɫuɣaq
CAY Dialects: UK ǝmacuŋaq
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 109
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-cay,yupet-cays,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *ạma-ama
Meaning: mother
Russian meaning: мать, мама
SPI Dialects: W amāma*
NAI Dialects: B, Ingl amāma*
Western Canadian Inupik: Cor amāma*
WCI Dialects: Net, Cop amāma
Greenlandic Inupik: amâma* [Jen.]
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 109
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spis,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVMV
Meaning : mother
African (misc.) : Bantu *-máá.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-afr,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔVma/*ma(y)
Meaning: mother
Notes: A nursery word? Rather to be separated from *ʔam- 'woman'. HSED 34: Sem. *ʔam- 'maid, girl', WCh *ʔam- 'woman', HECu *ʔam- 'mother, wife, woman', SCu. Cf. Iraqw Bur mamay, Dah ʔááma 'mother's brother' [Ehret SCP 282].
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-hec,afaset-scu,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1979
Proto-Semitic: *ʔu/imm-
Meaning: 'mother'
Akkadian: umm- 'Mutter' OB [AHw 1416]
Eblaitic: /ʔummum/ [Fronz EL 151] AMOR /ʔi/ummum [Gelb CAAA 14]
Amorite: /ʔi/ummum/ [Gelb CAAA 14]
Ugaritic: um 'madre', pl. umhthm [DLU 34]
Phoenician: [Tomb. 23]
Hebrew: ʔēm 'mother (also father's wife; grandmother; ancestress)' [KB 61], pl. suff. ʔimmōhēnū, ʔimmōhām
Judaic Aramaic: ʔīmmā 'mother' [Ja 50]
Syrian Aramaic: ʔem(m)-, pl. ʔemhāt-, ʔemh- 'mater; abbatissa'; ʔemhāy- 'maternus' (adj.) [Brock 23]
Arabic: ʔumm- 'mère', pl. ʔummāt-, ʔummahāt- ("нек-рые считают, что первая форма применяется к животным, вторая - к людям") [BK 1 50]; (dual) ʔummān- 'les père et mère' [BK 1 50]
Epigraphic South Arabian: SAB ʔmm 'mother' [SD 5] ʔm-t 'bondwoman, female vassal' [ibid.]
Geʕez (Ethiopian): ʔǝmm 'mother' [LGz 22]
Tigre: ʔǝm, pl. ʔǝmmat 'mother' [LH 353]
Harari: umma 'grandmother' [LHar 25]
Gurage: MAS GOG ǝmm, ENN END äm, SOD ǝmmit, GYE ämiyät 'female, mother' [LGur 42]; (all) ǝmmiyä 'big, large'
Mehri: ḥām, indef. (rare) ʔɛ̄m, hāmē, pl. ḥāmēt 'mother' [JM 5]
Jibbali: ʔum 'big'
Soqotri: ʔaʔam 'big'
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-ebl,semet-amo,semet-uga,semet-phn,semet-hbr,semet-jud,semet-syr,semet-ara,semet-sar,semet-gzz,semet-tgr,semet-hrr,semet-gur,semet-mhr,semet-jib,semet-soq,
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Berber etymology :
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Proto-Berber: *maH
Meaning: 'mother'
Ghadames: mā
Ayr: ma, pl. matt (maw)
Ahaggar (Tahaggart): ma, pl. matt (maw)
Tawllemmet: ma, pl. matt (maw)
Semlal: yǝmmi 'ma mère', māk 'ta m.'
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-ghd,brbet-ayr,brbet-ahg,brbet-twl,brbet-sml,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: mw.t (pyr)
Meaning: 'mother'
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *maH-
Meaning: 'mother'
Warji: maɣay [SkNb]
Kariya: māh ǝ
Siri: mā
Mburku: māxǝ
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-wrj,wchet-kry,wchet-sir,wchet-mbu,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *ʔama
Meaning: 'mother'
Kilba: āmà [Kr N 29]
Wamdiu: umà [Kr]
Hildi=Margi Mbazuwa: amà [Kr]
Malgwa: ǝ́mma, ū́ma [Lr]
Ngweshe: ū́ma [Lr] weiblich, Mutter' (may originate < *muma as well)
Mada: ammá [BMad]
Mafa=Matakam: amiy [TMnj]
Notes: cp. ZB ʔám 'to marry' [Sa]. Cp. a variant *ma(ma) in CCh, for ex.: Mlg ma, mama
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-klb,cchet-wmd,cchet-hil,cchet-zgh,cchet-gvo,cchet-bld,cchet-mtk,cchet-notes,
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High East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-High East Cushitic: *ʔam-
Meaning: 'mother' 1, 'wife, woman' 2
Sidamo: ama 1
Darasa (Gedeo): ama 1
Burji (Bambala, Dashe): aama 1, 2
Kambatta: ama-ta 1
hecet-prnum,hecet-meaning,hecet-sid,hecet-dar,hecet-bmb,hecet-kmb,
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South Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-South Cushitic: *ʔam-
Meaning: 'grandmother' 1, 'sister' 2, 'mother' 3, 'girl' 4
Iraqw (Mbulu): ama 1
Burunge (Mbulungi): ama 2
Asa-Aramanic: ʔama-ʔeto 4, ʔama- ma 1
Qwadza (Ngomvia): ama 3
scuet-prnum,scuet-meaning,scuet-irq,scuet-bur,scuet-asa,scuet-kwz,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *HV̆mV̄́
Meaning: mother
Comments and references : A universal root; nevertheless, quite plausibly reconstructable for PSC.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *mǝ̄H
Meaning: mother; woman
Tibetan: ma mother (cf. also rmo grandmother).
Burmese: (?) maj mother, LB *ma (Ben.) (cf. Burm. -ma female suffix), ǝ-maʔ female, woman.
Lepcha: mo, a-mo mother
Comments: PG *ama mother; BG: Garo ama, Bodo má mother, bi-ma female; Kham -ma the female of a species; Kanauri ama; Lepcha amo; Bahing ǝmo (but wǝma my mother), Vayu umu; Digaro na-ma, Dhimal ama; Chepang ma. Ben. 148.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 母
Modern (Beijing) reading: mǔ
Preclassic Old Chinese: mǝ̄ʔ
Classic Old Chinese: mǝ̄́
Western Han Chinese: mǝ̄́
Eastern Han Chinese: mǝ̄́
Early Postclassic Chinese: mṓw
Middle Postclassic Chinese: mǝ̄́w
Late Postclassic Chinese: mǝ̄́w
Middle Chinese: mʌ́w
English meaning : mother
Russian meaning[s]: 1) мать, матушка, мамаша; пожилая женщина; самка; единоутробный, от одной матери; материнское (производящее) начало; 2) основная часть; капитал; 3) общее (в противоположность частному); 4) знаменатель (дроби); 5) фонетик (иероглифа); 6) Му (фамилия)
Shuowen gloss: 牧也.從女.象懷子形.一曰象乳子也.
Comments: For initial *m- cf. Min forms: Xiamen bo3, Chaozhou bo3, Fuzhou, Jianou mu3.
Radical: 80
Four-angle index: 4758
Karlgren code: 0947 a-e
Vietnamese reading: mẫu
Jianchuan Bai: -mo1
Dali Bai: -mo1
Bijiang Bai: -mo1
Shijing occurrences: 2.3_, 29.4, 32.1, 32.2, 32.3, 32.4, 39.2, 45.1, 45.2, 51.1, 51.2_
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 185
Character: 母
MC description : 流開一上厚明
ZIHUI: 3018 0753
Beijing: mu 2
Jinan: mu 2
Xi'an: mu 2
Taiyuan: mu 2
Hankou: moŋ 2
Chengdu: mu 2
Yangzhou: mo 2
Suzhou: mo 11
Wenzhou: mo 22
Changsha: mo 2
Shuangfeng: mû 2
Nanchang: mu 2
Meixian: mu 11
Guangzhou: mou 22
Xiamen: bu 2 (lit.); bo 2
Chaozhou: bo 21
Fuzhou: mu 2
Shanghai: mu 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: mu 2
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *mä́, *mä́m
Meaning: mother
Tulung: mam mother, (Toba) mim 'grandmother'
Kaling: 'mäm
Comments: Toba 90 *mim 'grandmother', 93 *'mäm 'mother'.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,kiret-notes,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: ma, -mma
Grammar: n.
Meaning: mother, (also familiarly: mother-in-law).
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: mama
Grammar: n.
Meaning: mother.
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: ma
Grammar: n.
Meaning: mother
Nepali: āmā.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: ma
Grammar: bound morph.
Meaning: mother
Comments: kaŋma my mother.
yamet-prnum,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-comments,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔama
Meaning: mother
Ket: ām, pl. amǝŋ6
Yug: am, pl. amɨŋ5,6 / ame:ŋ3
Kottish: āma, g. āmi, pl. āman, (Бол.) ama; асс. áma (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл.)
Arin: amä (Стр.); b́aḿa (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл., Ф.); (Лоск.) ajame
Pumpokol: am (Сл., Срсл., Кл.)
Comments: ССЕ 181. Werner 1, 95.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *-́mi
Meaning: mother
Yasin: -́mi
Hunza: -́mi
Nagar: -́mi
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *eme / *ema-, *ama
Meaning: 1 female 2 woman 3 woman (married or widow) 4 woman (married) 5 mother 6 girl
Bizkaian: eme 1, emakume, emakuma 2, emazte 4, ama 5
Gipuzkoan: eme 1, emakume 2, emazte 4, ama 5
High Navarrese: eme 1, emazte 4, ama 5
Low Navarrese: emazte 4, ama 5, (Baigorri) emakume 6
Salazarese: emazte 2, emakume 6
Lapurdian: emakume 2, emazte 4, ama 5
Baztanese: emakume 2
Aezkoan: emazte 2
Zuberoan: emazte 3, ama 5
Roncalese: emakume 2, emazte 4, ama 5
Comments: For *ema-ste see *-ste. Trask (1995) mentions the supposed derivation from Romance (Occitan heme 'female'), but *eme seems to be deeply imbedded in Bsq and is thus of a much older origin (PSC *HV̆mV́).
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-azk,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *mVʔ
Meaning: mother
Austroasiatic meaning: mother
Proto-Thai: mɛ:.B mother; relative; mia.A wife
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-tai,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *meʔ / *ma(ʔ)
Meaning: mother
Thai: mɛ:.B mother; relative; mia.A wife
Proto-Khmu: *maʔ
Khasi: kymie
References: Kh 714, VHL 80, S-292
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kat,aaet-bah,aaet-kmr,aaet-mon,aaet-pawa,aaet-kmu,aaet-khasi,aaet-bib,
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Katuic etymology :
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Proto-Katuic: *meʔ / *me:ʔ
Meaning: mother
Presyllable: ʔǝ-
References: P-463
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-bibref,
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West Katuic etymology :
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Proto-West Katuic:
Meaning: mother
Kui: ʔǝmɛʔ.N
Kui meaning: mother
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-kui,wkatet-kuime,
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East Katuic etymology :
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Proto-East Katuic:
Meaning: mother
Katu dialects (1): ʔǝme:ʔ
Katu dialects (2): ʔǝme:ʔ
Katu dialects (3): ame:ʔ
Katu meaning: mother
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-and,ekatet-hka,ekatet-hkv,ekatet-katme,
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Bahnar etymology :
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Proto-Bahnaric: *meʔ
Meaning: mother
Presyllable: #
Bahnar: meʔ
Bahnar meaning: mother
Proto-South Bahnaric: *me Proto-West Bahnaric: *meʔ References: JS-316, TB7.40, TB7.41
banet-meaning,banet-prpr,banet-prnum,banet-bah,banet-bahme,banet-nob,banet-sob,banet-web,banet-refer,
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North Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-North-Bahnaric: *miʔ.T
Meaning: mother
Rengao form: miʔ.T
Rengao meaning: mother
Sedang form: mie.L V?
Sedang meaning: parent's younger sibling
Didra: meʔ.T
References: GS-159
nobet-meaning,nobet-prnum,nobet-ren,nobet-renme,nobet-sed,nobet-sedme,nobet-didr,nobet-refer,
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South Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-South Bahnaric: *me
Meaning: mother
Chrau form: mɛ:
Chrau meaning: mother
Stieng form: mej
Stieng meaning: uncles, aunts, mother
References: SBS-329
sobet-meaning,sobet-prnum,sobet-chr,sobet-chrme,sobet-sti,sobet-stime,sobet-refer,
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West Bahnaric etymology :
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Proto-West- Bahnaric: *meʔ
Meaning: mother
Jaru form: mǝ: E?
Lavi: me:ʔ
Juk: be:ʔ.B I?
Nhaheung form: meʔ
Nhaheung meaning: mother
References: JS-316
webet-meaning,webet-prnum,webet-jr,webet-lve,webet-jk,webet-nha,webet-nhame,webet-refer,
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Khmer etymology :
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Khmer: mǝ:
Old Khmer: me, ʔǝme
Old Khmer Meaning: mother
References: P377
kmret-prnum,kmret-okh,kmret-okmean,kmret-ref,
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Viet-Muong etymology :
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Proto-Viet-Muong: *meʔ
Meaning: mother
Vietnamese: mẹ
Vietnamese meaning: mother
Muong dialect: me.5 T??
Proto-Ruc: *mɛ.4
Ruc (Russian field rec.): meɛ.4
Ruc (Lo'i's rec.): meɛ.4
Ruc (Ferlus' rec.): meɛ.4
Ruc meaning: mother
Thavung-So: bǝ:.C.1
Thavung-So meaning: mother
Thavung: mǝ:.4
Notes: F-97: *me:ʔ
References: NTF65, NVL150; TC39
vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,vimet-viet,vimet-vietme,vimet-anng,vimet-prru,vimet-rucr,vimet-rucl,vimet-rntf,vimet-rucme,vimet-so,vimet-some,vimet-tha,vimet-note,vimet-bib,
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Monic etymology :
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Proto-Monic: *m[ɛ/e]:ʔ
Meaning: mother
Presyllable: #
Modern Mon: mi
Middle Mon: mi
Nyakur meaning: mother
Nyakur (dial.): TP mɛ:ʔ.B
References: N157; S-292
monet-meaning,monet-prpr,monet-prnum,monet-word,monet-mm,monet-tcme,monet-onya,monet-bib,
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Palaung-Wa etymology :
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Proto-Palaung-Wa: *maʔ
Meaning: mother
Riang: mâʔ.2
Riang meaning: mother
pawaet-meaning,pawaet-prnum,pawaet-prwa,pawaet-prpl,pawaet-prde,pawaet-riang,pawaet-rimeam,
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Wa etymology :
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Proto-Wa:
Meaning: mother
Paraok: mɛʔ.B
Paraok meaning: mother
Wa: maʔ, baʔ
Wa meaning: mother
Ava: maʔ, mǝʔ
Lawa: maʔ
Lawa meaning: mother
Um: maʔ
Wa (dial.): maʔ.2
Wa (dial.) meaning: mother
References: D-105: *maʔ
prwaet-meaning,prwaet-prnum,prwaet-praok,prwaet-praokme,prwaet-meng,prwaet-mengme,prwaet-mas,prwaet-lawa,prwaet-lawame,prwaet-um,prwaet-gs,prwaet-gsme,prwaet-bib,
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Plang etymology :
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Proto-Plang: *maʔ
Meaning: mother
Bulang: maʔ.2
Bulang meaning: mother
Konto: maʔ.2
Konto meaning: mother
Samtao (Paulsen): maʔ.2
Samtao (Paulsen) meaning: mother
Samtao (Diffloth): maʔ.2
Samtao (Diffloth) meaning: mother
References: P-194: *maʔ.2
prplet-meaning,prplet-prnum,prplet-mane,prplet-manme,prplet-kont,prplet-kontme,prplet-sap,prplet-sapme,prplet-sad,prplet-sadme,prplet-bib,
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De'ang etymology :
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Proto-De'ang: *meʔ
Meaning: mother
De'ang: me:
De'ang-1: ma:
De'ang-2: ma:.1
prdeet-meaning,prdeet-prnum,prdeet-dea,prdeet-dea1,prdeet-dea3,
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Angku etymology :
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Proto-Angku: *gau
Meaning: hear
Pangpin: kau.51
Shuangdiang: ʒ́iak.31 kau.33
Mang'an: kau.51
pranet-meaning,pranet-prnum,pranet-phu,pranet-shj,pranet-mnn,
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