Pokorny's dictionary : List with all references

Number: 1695

Root: ser-1

English meaning: to flow

German meaning: `strömen, sich rasch und heftig bewegen'

Derivatives: sero-m `Flüssigkeit'; ser-mo- `Fluß'; sorā ds.

Material: Ai. sísarti, sárati `fließt, eilt, jagt wornach, verfolgt'; fut. sariṣyáti, Desiderativ sisīrṣati von einer schweren Basis *serǝ-, vgl. hom. ῥώομαι `bewege mich schnell, kräftig, stürme an, eile' aus *srō-i̯ō; ein Wurzelnomen *sr̥ǝ, dazu ai. *sī́r, *sĭráḥ, ist die Grundlage des ā-St. ai. sirā́ und sīrā́ `Rinnsal, Strom'; ai. sarít f. `Bach, Fluß', saraṇa- `laufend', sa-sr-á- `strömend', sá-sr-i- `laufend, eilend'; saráyu-, sarayū- m. `Name eines Flusses', ар. Haraiva-, av. (Akk.)Harōyūm, np. Harē `Fluß und Gegend von Herāt';

ai. sárma- m. `das Fließen', gr. ὁρμή `Anlauf, Angriff, Drang nach etwas', wovon ὁρμάω `treibe an, rege an', intr. `stürme daher, worauf los'; dazu ὅρμενον `Salbei' als `die Anreizende', s. Strömberg, Gr. Pflanzennamen 93; αἱρέω `ergreife' statt *αἵρω (*s_eri̯ō) durch Einfluß vonἀγρέω ds.;

ai. sará- `flüssig', sarā́ `Fluß, Bach', gr. ὀρός, lat. serum `der wässerige Teil der geronnenen Milch, Molke'; vielleicht alb. gjizë (*ser-di̯ā) `gelabte Milch, Käse';

thrak. ON Germi-sera `Warmwasser', FlN Σέρμιος; frz. la Sermane (*Sermanna), oberital. Sermenza (*Sermentia), ven. ON Sirmiō (*Sermiō), pannon. ON Sirmium, poln. (ven.) ON Śrem (*Sermo-); illyr. FlN Sarnus (Kampanien); gall. (ven.-illyr.) FlN Sara (*S_erā), Sarāvus `die Saar'; Sar- bildet viele FlN in der Lombardei, Schweiz und Frankreich, auch Appellativa (Mantua sariöl `Bach' usw.); cymr. FlN Sôr (*Sorā); sor- auch in den FlN apr. Sar-ape, lit.-poln. Szar-upa, lett. Sarija;

mir. sirid (*serīti) `durchwandert, sucht heim, plündert, verlangt', Verbalnomen siriud; cymr. herw (*ser-u̯o-) `Landstreicherei', mir. serb `Diebstahl';

lit. apsirti `umzingeln', lett. sirt `umherschwärmen, Raubzüge machen', sira (vgl. ai. sirā) `Umherstreifer, Bettler'.

References: WP. II 497 f., WH. II 525, Schwyzer Gr. Gr. 1, 727¹; dazu sreu- `fließen', nach E. Fraenkel Gl. 32, 33 hierher gr. ῥέθεα `Nasenlöcher, Nase', ῥόθος `Wogenschwall', sowie ῥίς, ῥῑνός `Nase' als `die Triefende'.

Pages: 909-910

PIE database: PIE database

Proto-IE: *ser-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to hurry, to flow, to attack

Old Indian: sísarti, sárati, fut. sariṣyáti, ptc. sr̥tá- `to run, flow, speed, glide, move'; sirā́ f. `stream, water', sarít f. `river, stream', sarirá- n. `heaving sea, flood', salilá- `flowing, surging, unsteady', sasrá- `flowing, streaming'; sárma- m. `going, running, flowing', sará- `fluid, liquid; going, moving'

Old Greek: hormǟ́ `Anlauf, Angriff, Ansturm, Aufbruch, Streben'

Baltic: *sir̂- (1) vb. tr./intr.

Celtic: *serw- > MIr serb `Raub, Frevel'; Cymr herw `Landstreicherei, Räuberei'

Russ. meaning: бежать, течь, нападать

References: WP II 497 f

Comments: [Probably two roots]

Proto-Baltic: *sir̂- (1) vb. tr./intr.

Meaning: clench

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: sìrti (sī̃ra, sìrō) 'umkreisen, umfassen, umgeben'

Lettish: sir̃t (sir̨u, sīru) `kriegerische Streif-, Raubzüge machen; verheeren; umherschwärmen; besuchen, schmarotzen', sir̨a 'Umherstreifender, Bettler'

Eurasiatic: *sVrV ( ~ c`-, š-)

Meaning: fight, booty

Indo-European: *ser- (2423?)

Altaic: *si̯ūra

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ū́ra

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: arrow; fight, battle, success in battle

Russian meaning: стрела; битва, удача в бою

Turkic: *sɨ̄r-

Mongolian: *sur

Tungus-Manchu: *sori

Korean: *sàră-

Japanese: *satu-i

Comments: The Korean reflex is somewhat dubious, being traditionally derived < *sār- 'to live' (sară-čap- = 'to take alive'). This, however, may be a secondary folk etymology, the original meaning of the compound being 'to take booty'.

Proto-Turkic: *sɨ̄r-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 arrow, tip of an arrow 2 sabre 3 fight

Russian meaning: 1 стрела, наконечник стрелы 2 сабля 3 битва

Turkmen: sɨ̄rma 2

Khakassian: sɨr 1

Chuvash: šъrъm 3

Yakut: ɨrba 1

Comments: VEWT 418 (Khak.)

Proto-Mongolian: *sur

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: competition in bow-shooting

Russian meaning: соревнование в стрельбе

Written Mongolian: surčin (L 738: sur 'archer's target', 739: surčin 'archer')

Buriat: hurša 'arrow'

Kalmuck: sur

Comments: KW 338. Mong. sur 'archer's target' is being confused with sur(an) 'leather belt, strap' (borrowed from Turkic, see ...) and sometimes glossed as 'archer's target made of leather straps' - most probably a result of folk etymology.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sori

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 fight, battle 2 victim 3 to shoot arrows into each other

Russian meaning: 1 драка, битва 2 жертва 3 стрелять друг в друга из лука

Literary Manchu: sori- 3, sori 2

Jurchen: sori (455) 1

Ulcha: sorị 1

Orok: sorị(n) ́

Nanai: sorị̃ 1

Oroch: sōri

Comments: ТМС 2, 113.

Proto-Korean: *sàră-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to capture

Russian meaning: брать в плен

Modern Korean: saro-čap-

Middle Korean: sàră-čàp- ("to take captive")

Comments: Nam 283, KED 872.

Proto-Japanese: *satu-i

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: success in hunting

Russian meaning: удача на охоте

Old Japanese: sati

Middle Japanese: sati

Tokyo: sáchi

Kyoto: sáchì

Kagoshima: sáchi

Comments: JLTT 519. Accent is not quite clear: Kyoto and Kagoshima point to *sátùi, but Tokyo is aberrant. For *-u- cf. OJ satu-ja 'hunting arrow'.

Pokorny's dictionary :

Indo-European etymology :

Baltic etymology :

Nostratic etymology :

Altaic etymology :

Turkic etymology :

Mongolian etymology :

Tungus etymology :

Korean etymology :

Japanese etymology :