Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *'atx-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): белый

Itelmen: 'atx-lah 2, 1

Itelmen meaning: белый 1, светлый 2, белеть 3, седой (=белые волосы) 4

West Itelmen: 'atx-lax(-in), 'atɣ-ĺaɣ [atxa-la*] 1

West Itelmen meaning: albus

West Itelmen meaning (Polish): biaɫy

South Itelmen: 'atuɣa

South Itelmen meaning (Latin): albus

South Itelmen meaning (Polish): biaɫy

Number in Volodin 1976: 26

Comments: Этот корень активно взаимодействует с *'ătx " 'рассвет' (661).

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'ɨčɣъ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): белый, светлый

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ɨšɣъ "; *ɨšɣat

Proto-Itelmen: *'atx- "

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ɨšɣъ ", *ɨšɣ-at

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): свет (светила), светлый 1, завтра 2, быть заре 3

Chukchee: erɣǝ- 1, ʔǝrɣ-át(-ǝk), erɣat-ǝk (АБ), ʔǝrɣ-at-ʔǝló 2, ʔǝrɣǝ-ró- 3

Koryak: ecɣǝ-ej " (II) 1, ecɣa-at-, ecɣǝ-johǝ- 3

Palan: etɣǝ-etɣ, etɣ-het " (II) 1, etɣ-at- 3

Alutor: itɣǝ- 1, itɣ-at- 3

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ʔVǯV

Meaning: bright

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: ? Hitt. asara-, esara- white, bright

Altaic: ? Mong. aǯaj 'silvery' (of hair)

Uralic: *ačka

Dravidian: Kui-Kuwi *ōǯ- bright, beautiful

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'ɨčɣъ- белый, светлый

References: ND 160a; cf. also *ʔVCV.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 2

Proto: *ačka

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: white

German meaning: weiß

Finnish: ahka 'Eidergans', haahka, hahka id., hahkea, haahkea 'grau'

Estonian: ahka (gen. ahka) 'Eiderente', hahk (gen. haha) 'grau'

Mordovian: ašo (E), akša (M) 'weiß; rein'

Mari (Cheremis): ošǝ̑, oš (KB), ošo, oš (U B) 'weiß; blond; rein'

Khanty (Ostyak): aš (DN), ȧš (C) 'weißer Ton, Lehm; Kreide'

K. Redei's notes: Das finn. und est. anlautende h ist sekundär: vgl. finn. ieho, ehko, est. ohv ~ finn. hieho, hehko, est. ho~hv 'Färse, junge Kuh'. Der Vogelnahme finn. ahka, haahka, hahka, est. ahka 'Eidergans, -ente' kann mit der am ganzen Körper des Vogels dominierenden weißen Farbe erklärt werden (sein ganzer Rücken und die Flügeldecke sind weiß). Ostj. 'Lehm' ist ebenfalls eine mit der weißen Farbe zusammenhängende sekundäre Bedeutung. Das Lautverhältnis mord. e. š ~ m. kš ist unregelmäßig; die Lautform des anzunehmenden m. *aša wurde möglicherweise von türk.-tat. akča 'Münze, Geld', kirg. akša 'weißlich; Geld' usw. beeinflußt. Ostj. C ȧ weißt auf urostj. *ä hin; die Lautentsprechung DN a ~ C ȧ spricht dafür, daß das Wort wohl kaum zum uralten Wortschatz der ostj. Sprache gehört. Falls die ostseefinnischen Wörter wirklich hierher gehören, so ist das k-Element der ursprünglichen Lautverbindung -čk- im Mord., Tscher. und Ost. geschwunden (Réd.).

References: SKES; DEWO 5

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVCV

Meaning : bright

Eurasiatic : *ʔVǯV

Afroasiatic : *ʔaǯ- sun (in Cush. also 'white')

Sino-Caucasian : *=HV̄́ǯV̄ clear (of weather)

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔaǯ-

Meaning: sun

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Western Chadic: Bolewa ǯä-ǹǯa 'star'

Central Chadic: *ʔaǯ-

Low East Cushitic: *ʔaʒ- 'sun'

Dahalo (Sanye): ʔad_o 'sun'

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *ʔaǯ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'sun'

Buduma=Yedina: aaǯí [LBud]

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *ʔaʒ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'sun'

Oromo (Galla): aduu

Notes: Note LEC *-ʒ- < HS *-ǯ-

Dahalo etymology :

Dahalo: ʔad_o

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'sun'

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=HV̄́ǯV̄

Meaning: clear (of weather)

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *=Huǯ_V-n ( ~ -ʒ_́-)

Sino-Tibetan: *Ćǝ̄j (~ -l)

Yenisseian: *ʔēǯ-

Burushaski: *c̣āŋ, *c̣ān, *ʒ́āŋ

Basque: *soha-r̄

Comments and references : HGC 39, WFR 141.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=Huǯ_Vn

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to clear up (of weather)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=Vč̣:Vn- ( ~ -c̣:-)

Proto-Lezghian: *ʡoč̣:Vn-

Notes: Cf. also Hurr. χežmǝ 'clear, bright' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 33).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=Vč̣:Vn- ( ~ -c̣:-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to clear up (of weather)

Avar: r-oc̣:n-

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʡoč̣:Vn-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to clear up (of weather) 2 clear sky

Archi: oI=č̣in- 1

Udi: muč:ur 2

Comment: The Ud. form is a derivate (*w=onč̣:-Vr).

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Ćǝ̄j (~ -l)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: clear (of weather)

Chinese: 霽 *ćǝ̄js clearing sky.

Burmese: ćajh to stop, as raining or sound, to clear, as weather.

Chinese characters :

Character: 霽

Modern (Beijing) reading: jì

Preclassic Old Chinese: ćǝ̄js

Classic Old Chinese: cǝ̄jh

Western Han Chinese: cǝ̄jh

Eastern Han Chinese: cǝ̄ś

Early Postclassic Chinese: cǝ̄ś

Middle Postclassic Chinese: cǝ̄̀j

Late Postclassic Chinese: cǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: cìej

English meaning : to lift, disappear (of clouds); clearing sky

Russian meaning[s]: 1) проясниться (о небе после дождя); 2) успокоиться, улечься (о гневе); 3) 8-е число (в телеграммах)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 173

Four-angle index: 2720

Karlgren code: 0593 s

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔēǯ-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: clear, quiet (of weather)

Ket: ɛt⁴ / ɛŕ⁴ [W. 1, 250]

Yug: ɛ:^ht́

Comments: ССЕ 189-190. Werner 1, 250 <*eʔǝd'ǝ>. Cf. also (perhaps with initial reduction) *ǯin 'bright day' in Ket dīń id., qä-diń 'holiday', Yug χɛ́d́īn id. (Werner 1, 193 w.r.).

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *c̣āŋ, *c̣ān, *ʒ́aŋ

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: 1 clear (of sky) 2 half-clear (of sky) 3 to stop (of rain)

Yasin: ʒ́aŋ 3

Hunza: c̣aáŋ 1, c̣aán 2; ʒ́aáŋ 3

Nagar: c̣aáŋ 1, c̣aán 2; ʒ́aáŋ 3

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *soha-r̄

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 clear, serene 2 clear sky 3 to clear (sky, weather)

Low Navarrese: zohar-di 2

Zuberoan: zohar 1, zohar-di 2, zohar-tü 3

Comments: The Bsq-NC comparison requires metathesis such as *HúǯV ~ *ǯúHV = Bsq *soha-. Note similar rhotic suffixes in Bsq *soha-ṙ ~ Udi mu=č̉:u-r.

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