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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *tijlǝ ~ *čijlǝ
Meaning (Rus.): крыло (без перьев ?)
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *tiʒlǝ " (~ *š-)
Meaning (Rus.): крыло
Chukchee: ril-ril ", relǝ́t=lǝŋǝn (ril-ti pl.) (+АБ)
Koryak: til-til "
Alutor: til-til ", tilǝ-t, til-ti du., til-uwwi, редко til-u pl.
Comments: На *-iʒlǝ указывают алюторские формы двойственного и множественного числа со вторым гласным tilǝ-t (а не "til-ti) и более частое tilu-wwi < "tilǝ+-w.
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-alu,chuket-comments,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *tel-xp EI
Meaning (Rus.): крыло
Itelmen meaning: крыло ощипанное, без перьев
South Itelmen: tida pl.
South Itelmen meaning (Latin): alae
South Itelmen meaning (Polish): skrzydɫa
Comments: По-видимому, вторая часть связана с *oxp (343) 'игла для сетей' или композит с аффиксом -p 'нечто торчащее'.
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-itemea,itelet-sit,itelet-sitmea,itelet-sitmep,itelet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *tVlV
Meaning: shoulder
Comments: If the Ur. form is *tuklV, it belongs rather to *ṭVwq̇V q.v.
References: МССНЯ 355; ND 2268 *taḷʡ[o] '(back of the) neck, shoulders' (+ dub. IE, SH). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-chuk,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *talo
Meaning: wing, shoulderblade
Russian meaning: крыло, лопатка
Comments: The Japanese word may belong here if it goes back to *tal(V)-gV ( = MKor. tằr'ái, but tone correspondence is irregular).
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *dalu, *dali
Meaning: 1 shoulderblade 2 wing
Russian meaning: 1 лопатка 2 крыло
Written Mongolian: dalu 1, dali 2
Middle Mongolian: ṭālum (IM) 1, dalu (MA) 1 Khalkha: dal 1, daĺ 2
Buriat: dala 1, dali 2
Kalmuck: dalǝ 1
Ordos: dalu 1
Dongxian: daleu, taleu, dale 1
Baoan: dali 1
Shary-Yoghur: dālǝ 1
Monguor: dālī (SM 42), dalu (Minghe) 1 Mogol: dōlu; ZM dɔ̄lū (2-7a) Comments: KW 73, MGCD 193. Mong. > Chag. dalu etc. (see ЭСТЯ 3, 131-132); > Evk. dalu (Poppe 1966, 195, 1974, 121). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *tằr'ái
Meaning: wing (of a saddle)
Russian meaning: крыло (седла)
Modern Korean: tarä
Middle Korean: tằr'ái
Comments: Nam 141, KED 382 (deriving the word from tắr- 'hang', which is dubious). koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *tà-i
Meaning: hand, arm
Russian meaning: рука
Old Japanese: te
Middle Japanese: tè
Tokyo: té
Kyoto: tḕ
Kagoshima: té
Nase: tɨ́
Shuri: tī́
Hateruma: šī̀
Yonakuni: tī̀
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-nas,japet-shu,japet-hat,japet-yon,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1089
Proto: *tulka
English meaning: feather, wing
German meaning: Feder, Flügel
Saam (Lapp): dǫl'ge -lg- (N) 'feather', tål'kē (L) 'Feder, Daune', toilke (T) 'Feder'
Mordovian: tolga (E M)
Udmurt (Votyak): ti̮li̮ (S), tǝ̑lǝ̑ (K), tị̑lị̑ (G)
Komi (Zyrian): ti̮l (Le.), ti̮v (P), tøl (PO) 'Feder, Schwung- od. Schwanzfeder' ( > Nen. tyly, t'ly)
Khanty (Ostyak): tŏɣǝl (V), tŏχǝt (DN), tŏχǝl (O) 'Feder, Flügel'
Mansi (Vogul): tōl (TJ), towl (KU P), towǝl (So.) 'Flügel'
Hungarian: toll (dial. tall, tollu, tolu, tolyu, toju, tulu, tú, tolv-) 'Feder'
Nenets (Yurak): to (O) 'Feder, Flügel'
Enets (Yen): tua 'Flügel'
Nganasan (Tawgi): t́ụ, t́ụa
Selkup: tuu (Ta. B), tú(U) (Ke.), tu (N) 'Flügel, Feder'
Janhunen's version: (85) *tuxli6
Sammalahti's version: *tuxli6
Addenda: Mot. tu 'Flügel, Feder'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-janh,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *tōḷ-
Meaning : shoulder, arm
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *tōḷ-
Meaning : shoulder, arm
Tamil : tōḷ
Tamil meaning : shoulder, arm
Malayalam : tōḷ
Malayalam meaning : shoulder
Kannada : tōḷ(u)
Kannada meaning : the arm
Tulu : tōḷụ
Tulu meaning : the arm
Tulu derivates : tōḷaŋgụ shaking of the arm
Number in DED : 3564
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *tōḷ
Meaning : upper arm
Kota : tōḷ "upper arm, elbow to shoulder"
Toda : twɨ̄ḷfody "bangle worn on upper arm by women"
Number in DED : 3564
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *taɫi- (-vɫ-/-ɫv- ?)
Meaning: arm, foreflipper
Russian meaning: рука, передний ласт
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 328
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-newcom,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *taɫi- (-qu-)
Meaning: arm 1, flipper 2
Russian Meaning: рука 1, плавник 2
Chaplino: taɫíq (t) 1, 2, taɫíquq (t) 2 (foreflipper)
Naukan: táɫíq (= táɫīq ?) 1, taɫíquq 2
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: taɫiq 1
Chugach (Birket-Smith): talịq 1
Central Alaskan Yupik: taɫiq 1, taɫiquq 2, 'foreleg of animal'
Nunivak (Peripheral): täɫiχ* 1
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 328
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-chgm,yupet-cay,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *tä(u)lị̈- (-qu-), *ta'lia-
Meaning: arm 1, foreflipper 2, to dance in sitting position gesturing with arms 3, to break arm 4
Russian meaning: рука 1, передний плавник 2, танцевать, сидя и двигая руками 3, сломать руку 4
Seward Peninsula Inupik: taliq 1, taliʁuq 2, taliq- 3
SPI Dialects: Imaq táûliq, táliq 1, talíʁuq 2, W tälẹq* (līk, ʎʎit) 1, KI täliq* 1
North Alaskan Inupik: taliq 1, taliʁuq 2, taliq- 3, talliaq- 4
NAI Dialects: B täliq* 1, Ingl tälik* du. 1
Western Canadian Inupik: taliq 1, taliquq 2
WCI Dialects: Cor, M täliq* 1
Eastern Canadian Inupik: taliq 1, taliʁuq 2, taliaq- 4,
Greenlandic Inupik: taliq (taleq*) 1, taliʁuq 2
GRI Dialects: EG tali- 'to shove with shoulder'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 328, 335
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-gris,inupet-ced,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : LVLV
Meaning : shoulder, arm
Amerind (misc.) : *tala 'shoulder' (R 625) [+ A] African (misc.) : Cf. Macro-Khoisan *ƛ[a]u "hand". globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-afr,globet-reference,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ƛ̣úlHV̆
Meaning: arm
Comments and references : +LV A12.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *Hluƛ̣_Ĕ
Meaning: arm
Notes: In PL and Khin. there occurred a secondary metathesis (we should expect a form like PL *Holƛ̣:) - probably to avoid a cluster of two laterals. Otherwise the correspondences are regular. PWC has a prefixed *b- (as in many other cases). See Abdokov 1983, 81 (where the root is mixed up with *rĕmƛ̣e 'cubit' q.v.)
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ruƛ̣:V
Meaning: 1 arm 2 shoulder
Avar: ruƛ̣:
Chamalal: ʁažuƛ: wuƛ̣:
Tindi: ʁažuƛ:a ruƛ̣:a
Bagvalal: ʁažu-ruƛ̣:
Comments: Av. paradigm C (ruƛ̣:á-lzul, rúƛ̣:al). The Andian languages have a compound with *ʁažu 'arm' to avoid homonymy with *ruƛ̣:V 'yoke' q.v.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-bgv,aandet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *dul(V)ɣ
Meaning: elbow
Chiragh: duluɣ
Comments: Cf. also Kharb. dulaj-naqI 'elbow' (naqI 'arm, hand').
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ƛ̣:ol
Meaning: 1 shoulder-blade 2 foreleg (of animal) 3 arm 4 hip
Lezghian: ḳul 1
Tabasaran: k:ül 2
Agul: k:ul 2 (K.)
Rutul: gɨl 2
Tsakhur: gɨvɨ 2
Kryz: kɨl 3
Budukh: kɨl 3
Archi: ƛ̣:ol 1,2
Udi: q:ul 4
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. k:ɨl 'shoulder-blade', k:(ɨ)l-ar 'back'; Kryz. kel-kiǯ. 'armful', Bud. kǝlkiǯ 'under one's arm' (originally a subessive form). 4th class in all class-distinguishing languages. Obl. base *ƛ̣:ola- (cf. Lezg. ḳula-, Khl. k:la-, Tab. k:üli-); the Tsakh. reflex goes back to a suffixed *ƛ̣:olV-j.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: ḳɨl
North Caucasian etymology: 965
Meaning: arm
Khinalug form: ḳɨl
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *b(ǝ)Ĺa
Meaning: arm
Adyghe: ʡā-bL
Kabardian: bLa, ʡa-bLa
Comments: PAK *bLa (also in compound with *ʡa 'hand').
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ƛŭH / *ƛŭk (?)
Meaning: hand, arm, wing
Tibetan: śog wing, wing-feather.
Comments: [For Ch. perhaps better Tib. hlu 'limb']
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 手
Modern (Beijing) reading: shǒu
Preclassic Old Chinese: ƛhuʔ
Classic Old Chinese: ƛhú
Western Han Chinese: ƛhǝ́w
Eastern Han Chinese: shǝ́w
Early Postclassic Chinese: shíw
Middle Postclassic Chinese: shǝ́w
Late Postclassic Chinese: shǝ́w
Middle Chinese: śǝ́w
English meaning : hand
Russian meaning[s]: 1) рука; ручной; собственноручный; ручка, рукоятка; держать в руках; 2) ведение, контроль, компетенция; 3) мастер, мастак; дока; чемпион; суффикс профессий
Comments: For *ƛh- cf. Min forms: Xiamen chiu3, Chaozhou chiu3, Fuzhou chiu3.
Radical: 64
Four-angle index: 3262
Karlgren code: 1101 a-b
Jianchuan Bai: sɨ1
Dali Bai: sɨ1
Bijiang Bai: ši1
Shijing occurrences: 31.4_, 38.3, 41.1, 41.2, 41.3, 57.2
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 93
Character: 手
MC description : 流開三上有書
ZIHUI: 2087 1542
Beijing: ṣou 2
Jinan: ṣou 2
Xi'an: ṣou 2
Taiyuan: sou 2
Hankou: sou 2
Chengdu: sǝu 2
Yangzhou: sôɨ 2
Suzhou: söy 2
Wenzhou: śiu 21
Changsha: ṣôu 2
Shuangfeng: śiû 2
Nanchang: sǝu 2
Meixian: su 2
Guangzhou: šau 21
Xiamen: siu 2 (lit.); chiu 2
Chaozhou: chiu 21
Fuzhou: chieu 2
Shanghai: sôɨ 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: šiou 2
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *-ltáltar
Meaning: 1 front leg, animal shoulder; arm 2 breasts sticking out
Yasin: -ltáltariŋ 2
Hunza: -ltáltar 1
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,
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