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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *c̣wel-
Russian meaning: солома
English meaning: straw
Georgian: c̣vel-
Megrel: c̣u
Svan: c̣uw, c̣wi
Laz: c̣u (o-c̣val-e 'мякинник')
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 243, EWK 500. Ср. алт. *sule 'растения (зеленые), травы'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *c`UlV
Meaning: grass, twigs
Dravidian: *Cuḷ-i 'twigs, branches' (2303)
References: ND 338 *ć̣UḷV 'stalk, stick' (Kartv.-Drav.); cf. *CVlV. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *sùjli
Meaning: green plants, edible plants
Russian meaning: зелень, съедобные растения
Comments: Medial *-j- should be reconstructed to explain loss of *-l- in Kor. The root seems to be a Wanderwort (see Аб. 3, 194-195, Cтеблин-Каменский 1972, 31, NCED 965), but may be reconstructable for PA.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *suli / *süli
Meaning: oats
Russian meaning: овес
Tatar: solɨ
Middle Turkic: suvlu 'spelt' (CCum.) Uzbek: suli
Uighur: sulu
Turkmen: süle
Khakassian: sula, sulu
Oyrat: sula
Chuvash: sǝʷlǝʷ
Tuva: sula
Kirghiz: sulu
Kazakh: sulɨ, süli
Noghai: sulɨ
Bashkir: holo
Karaim: sülü
Karakalpak: sulɨ
Kumyk: sulu
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *söl
Meaning: grass having preserved its green colour
Russian meaning: трава, сохранившая до осени зеленый цвет
Written Mongolian: söl, sölü (L 731) Khalkha: söl
Kalmuck: söl
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-kal,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sol-gi
Meaning: 1 vegetables 2 sprouts (from a root)
Russian meaning: 1 зелень, овощи 2 отпрыски (от корня)
Spoken Manchu: š́ogǝ, śogi 'greens, leafy vegetables' (303)
Literary Manchu: sogi 1, solo 2
Jurchen: sol-ŋi (524) 1
Ulcha: solǯị 1
Nanai: solgị 1
Oroch: soggixa 1
Udighe: sogühö 1
Comments: ТМС 2, 103, 108. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *súi
Meaning: crops
Russian meaning: урожай, хлеб на корню
Middle Korean: súi
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVLV
Meaning : twig, branch
Afroasiatic : Sem. *c̣Vll-/*sVll- 'thorn'; Berb. *-ẓily- / *-ẓuly- 'branch'
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *c̣ǝ̆́ɫV
Meaning: tree, wood
Comments and references : NSC 64 *c̣(w)VɫV, WFR 43, MCGD 5; the Bur. form can also be compared with PNC *c̣wɨ̄ɫɦV̆. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *c̣_ǝ̆ɫV ( ~ -ŏ-)
Meaning: branch; tree
Notes: The etymology seems plausible both phonetically and semantically (cf. also *c̣_ēlēc̣ĭ). Cf. HU: Hurr. c̣arr- (spelled sar-me) 'wood', also c̣arc̣arr- ( > Akkad. lexical gloss ṣarṣaru 'wood, grove'), Urart. c̣arǝ 'orchard' (perhaps > Arm. caṛ 'tree'; see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 44). NC origin is probable for Osset. c̣ɨlɨn / c̣ilin 'besom, broom' (see Abayev 1958, 339).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *c̣:ilV
Meaning: 1 rod 2 whip
Avar: c̣:al 2
Chadakolob: c̣al 2
Tindi: c:ela 1
Godoberi: c:eli 1
Comments: Av. paradigm C (c̣:alá-l, c̣:ála-l; Chad. c̣oló-l, c̣ál-dal - but also c̣alá-l). In Av. one would rather expect *c̣:el - perhaps we deal with vowel levelling by analogy with the obl. stem.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-tnd,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *c̣al
Meaning: 1 branch, shoot 2 (pot-herb) leaves
Agul: c̣al 2 (Bursh.)
Kryz: c̣ili 1
Budukh: c̣ile 1
Comment: 4th class in Shakhdagh. The Kryz. and Bud. forms go back to a suffixed form *c̣alV-j.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-agu,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *c̣ǝla
Meaning: tree
Abkhaz: á-c̣la
Abaza: c̣la
Comments: PAT *c̣ǝla (cf. also Bz. á-c̣la). Abdokov (1983, 133) proposes a connection with a-c̣íā 'vegetation', thus suggesting a root *c̣ǝ-; however, accentology speaks against this analysis.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Cǝ̄l
Meaning: wood
Tibetan: chal wood, grove.
Burmese: ćijh thicket; cf. also ćin forest.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 萋
Modern (Beijing) reading: qī
Preclassic Old Chinese: shǝ̄j
Classic Old Chinese: shǝ̄j
Western Han Chinese: shǝ̄j
Eastern Han Chinese: shǝ̄j
Early Postclassic Chinese: shǝ̄j
Middle Postclassic Chinese: shǝ̄j
Late Postclassic Chinese: shǝ̄j
Middle Chinese: chiej
English meaning : be densely covering, luxuriant.
Russian meaning[s]: 1) густой, разросшийся; 2) цветущий; обильный; внушительный
Shuowen gloss: 草盛.從草.妻聲.詩曰.菶菶萋萋.
Radical: 140
Four-angle index: 8805
Karlgren code: 0592 g-h
Shijing occurrences: 2.1_
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-shijing,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *śulú
Meaning: driftwood
Yasin: śulú
Hunza: śuú
Nagar: śuú
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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