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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *śow-
Russian meaning: быть мокpым
English meaning: to be wet
Georgian: sov-, ДГ sov-; svel-, ДГ sov-el- 'wet'
Megrel: šǝ-; šo-l- 'to wet'
Laz: šu(v)-, šo-l-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 174 (*śwel-), EWK 318. В МССHЯ 333 *śwel- сравнивается с ПИЕ *sulā 'сок, напиток', алт. *sula 'влажный', урал. *sula- 'таять, талый' (аналогичное картв.-ИЕ сближение в Бомхард 1996, 163); но если *-el - суффикс, вероятнее объединение с *św- 'пить' и сравнение с другим корнем (ПИЕ *seu-, алт. *suwV, см. МССHЯ 341).
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *swVlV
Meaning: wet
References: МССНЯ 333; ND 2055 *s[ü]wolV 'liquid, moisture'. nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *sūl-
Meaning: thick liquid
Old Indian: sū́ra- m. `Soma-juice', súrā f. `spirituous liquor, wine'
Avestan: hura- 'Trank'
Other Iranian: NPers hurā 'Kumys'
Old Greek: hǖ́lǟ `Bodensatz, Schleim, Kott, Schlamm, körperliches Sekret', acc. hǖ́lǟ-n осадок в вине или в воде (tò kathízdon) Phot.
Russ. meaning: густая жидкость
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *sul-ā̂ f., -iā̃ f.
Meaning: juice, whey
Lithuanian: sulà `Birkenwasser, -saft; fliessender Saft'
Lettish: sula, sule `eine sich absorbernde Flüssigkeit, wie Saft von Bäumen, Birkenwasser'
Old Prussian: sulo `Matte' (= geronnene Milch) V. 693.
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *sula-n, *sulwō, *sulwōn- vb., *saul(i)=, *saulian- vb.
Meaning: spot, mud
Gothic: *bi-sauljan wk. `spot', *bi-saulnan wk. `become spotted, unclean'
Norwegian: saula, söyla `Schlamm, Pfütze', söyla `beflecken'
Swedish: dial. saula `beschmutzen'
Old English: sol `dirty', sol, -es n., solu, -we/-e f. `miry, miry place'; solian (-ode) `make or bekome foul', { sylian }
East Frisian: Fris soal
Middle Dutch: sol m. `poel, vuil, drek', sole `geul, kuil'
Dutch: sol m. `met water en modder gevulde kuil in het morenelandschap'
Middle Low German: sȫle `Schlamm, Schmutz, Dreck'
Old High German: gi-sol (um 800), sol (9.Jh.) `Kotlache'; bi-sullen (12.Jh.)
Middle High German: sol, söl st. m. 'kotlache'; soln, suln wk. 'mit kot beschmutzen, im köte wälzen'
German: Suhle; suhlen
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-oengl,germet-eastfris,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1702
Root: seu-1, seʷǝ- : sū-
English meaning: juice; liquid
German meaning: `Saft, Feuchtes'; verbal: `Saft ausdrücken' und `regnen; rinnen', in Weiterbildungen `(Saft) schlürfen, saugen'
Derivatives: su-lā- `Saft'
Material: 1. Gr. ὕει `es regnet', ὕω `lasse regnen' (*sū-i̯ō), ὑετός `starker Regen' (*suu̯-etos, wie νῐφετός); alb. shi `Regen' (*sū-); toch. В swese `Regen', sū-, swās- `regnen'; zu ὕει vielleicht ὕθλος (ὕσθλος, ὕσλος Gramm.) m. `leeres Geschwätz' (gleichsam `eintönig tröpfelnd'); 2. Ai. sunṓti `preßt aus, keltert' = av. hunaoiti ds.; ai. sávana-m, savá- m. `Kelterung des Soma', sutá- `gekeltert', sṓma- = av. hauma- m. `Soma'; ahd. sou, ags. séaw `Saft', isl. söggr `feucht' (*sawwia-); air. suth `Saft, Milch' (*sŭ-tu-s); hierher wohl auch die FlN gall. Save, Savara, -ia und (illyr.) Savus (*Sou̯os).
3. seu-d- in ags. be-sūtian `beschmutzen', westfäl. sot `Dreck'; aisl. sut `Sorge', sȳta `trauern'.
4. Gutturalerw.: seuk-, sū̆k- und seug-, sū̆g-:
Lat. sūgō, -ere `saugen'; lat. sūcus `Saft', cymr. sugno, mbret. sunaff, nbret. suna ds., sun `Saft', cymr. sugnedydd `Pumpe' (*seuk-n-; cymr. g aus dem lat. Lw. sug `Saft'), acymr. dissuncgnetic `exanclata' (morphologisch schwierige Gruppe); ags. sūcan, ndl. zuiken `saugen'; ags. socian (*sukōn) `einweichen, aufsaugen', gesoc n. `das Saugen', aisl. sūga (sjūga) `saugen', sog n. `das Saugen', ags. as. ahd. sūgan `saugen', Kaus. norw. dial. søygja, mhd. söugen `säugen', mhd. suc, soc, g. soges und souc, -ges `Saft', ags. sogeða m. `Schluck'; lett. sùkt `saugen'; apr. suge f. `Regen'.
5. l-Formantien: gr. ὕλη `Kot, Schlamm', ὑλίζω `filtere, kläre'; ai. sūra- m. `berauschender Trank'; súrā `Branntwein', av. hurā `Kumys' (wogul. sara, syrj. sur aus dem Iranischen) = lit. lett. sulà `abfließender Baumsaft' (mit ū lett. sūlât `siepen'), apr. sulo `geronnene Milch'; ags. sol n. `Schlamm, Pfütze', ahd. mnd. sol ds., ags. sylian `beschmutzen', as. sulwian, ahd. sullen ds., nhd. sühlen, suhlen `sich im Kot wälzen'; got. bi-sauljan `beflecken', norw. søyla ds.
6. seup-, seub-: ai. sū́pa- m. `Brühe, Suppe'; aisl. sūpa, ags. sūpan, ahd. sūfan `schlürfen, trinken, saufen', sūf `Brühe, Suppe', mhd. suf, sof `Suppe', ags. sype m. `das Einsaugen', aisl.sopi m., ags. sopa `Schluck', vollstufig ahd. souf `Suppe', aisl. saup n. `Buttermilch'; ags. sopp f. `eingetunkte Bissen', mnd. (daraus mhd.) soppe, suppe', ahd. sopha, soffa `Brühe, auch mit eingeweichten Schnitten; Bodensatz'; got. supōn `würzen' = ahd. soffōn ds. (eig. `in Brühe eintunken'); mhd. sūft m., mnd. sucht `Seufzer', ahd. sūft(e)ōn, mhd. siuften, siufzen `seufzen'; aisl. ags. sufl n. `Zukost', as. suval, ahd. suvil(i), -a `sorbiuncula'; mnd. sūvel, ndl. zuivel `der Buttergehalt der Milch';
aksl. sъs-ǫ, -ati, Iter. sysati `saugen' wohl aus *sup-s-.
References: WP. II 468 f., WH. II 622 f., Trautmann 257, 291 f.
Pages: 912-913
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ši̯ṑlí
Meaning: juice, fluid
Russian meaning: сок, жидкость
Comments: EAS 155, Ozawa 111, Murayama 1962, 110, Мудрак Дисс. 41. The Turkic vocalism is quite irregular, probably due to contamination with *si̯ūli 'gall, pus' q. v. (a similar merger occurred in PJ). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *söl
Meaning: 1 juice in meat, lymph 2 soup, bouillon
Russian meaning: 1 мясной сок, лимфа 2 суп, бульон
Old Turkic: söl (OUygh.) 1
Turkish: söl (dial.) 1
Tatar: sül, sül-gɛn 1
Sary-Yughur: söl 'ram's blood'
Chuvash: šъl (dial.), шыл (XIX c., Bible) 2
Yakut: öl 2
Kirghiz: söl 1
Kazakh: söl 1
Noghai: söl 1
Bashkir: hül 1
Karakalpak: söl 1
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-sjg,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *silö
Meaning: soup
Russian meaning: суп
Written Mongolian: silü(n) (L 708), šülü Middle Mongolian: šulen (HY 24, SH), šīlɛ (IM), šilän (MA) Khalkha: šöl
Buriat: šülen
Kalmuck: šöln, šüln
Ordos: šölö
Dongxian: šulie 'soup; juice'
Baoan: šile 'soup; juice'
Dagur: šil 'soup; juice' (Тод. Даг. 183), šile (MD 216) Shary-Yoghur: šǝlen
Comments: KW 371, MGCD 723, 728. Mong. > Chag. sölän, silän, Man. sile etc. (see TMN 1, 369-370, Rozycki 181). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *šōla
Meaning: 1 soup 2 juice
Russian meaning: 1 суп 2 сок
Literary Manchu: šula 2
Ulcha: čōlo(n) 1
Nanai: čōlõ 1
Udighe: čolo 1
Comments: ТМС 2, 405, 429. Man. čola- / čōla- 'to roast, broil (in a kettle' is most probably a result of interdialectal borrowing. The TM languages reflect also *sile / *silu 'soup' (see ТМС 2, 85, 138) which is a loanword from Mong., see Poppe 1966, 198, Doerfer MT 26. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *sìrú
Meaning: juice; soup; pus
Russian meaning: сок; суп; гной
Old Japanese: siru
Middle Japanese: sìrú
Tokyo: shíru
Kyoto: shìrú
Kagoshima: shirú
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 925
Proto: *sula
English meaning: melted, to melt
German meaning: geschmolzen, aufgetaut; schmelzen, tauen
Finnish: sula 'ungefroren, weich, flüssig; lauter, bloß', sulaa- 'flüssig werden, schmelzen; flüssig machen'
Estonian: sula 'weich, locker; flüssig, fließend, tauend; rein, unvermischt', sula- 'schmelzen, tauen'
Saam (Lapp): (šǫl'gi- (N) 'to melt (tr.) - rejected by Redei)
Mordovian: sola (E M) 'ungefroren, geschmolzen', sola- (E M) 'auftauen, schmelzen'
Mari (Cheremis): šǝ̑le- (KB), šule- (U B)
Udmurt (Votyak): si̯l-si̯l 'мягкое состояние предмета (напр. при варке мяса)', (URS) si̮lmi̮- 'развариться (напр/ о картошке), растаять, раствориться'
Komi (Zyrian): si̮l (S), si̮v (P), søl (PO) 'ungefroren, geschmolzen', si̮l- (S), si̮v- (P), søl.- (PO) 'schmelzen, auftauen'
Khanty (Ostyak): lŏlǝ (V), jŏlǝ (Vj.) 'ungefroren', tătǝ (DN) 'aufgetaut, geschmolzen; ungefrorener Boden', lăl (O) 'mit weicher Schneide', lŏla- (V), jŏla- (Vj.), tăt- (DN), lăl- (O) 'schmelzen'
Mansi (Vogul): tal-vōj (LM) 'schmelzendes Fett', tal- (TJ), tālān- (LU) 'schmelzen', tål- (K N), tol- (So.)
Hungarian: olvad- 'schmelzen, tauen (intr.)', olvaszt- 'id. (tr.)'
Sammalahti's version: *sula
Yukaghir parallels: alaa- 'schmelzen (intr.)' [hardly here - SAS]
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-samm2,uralet-yuk,
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