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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṭVŋV
Meaning: wave, lake
nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *twen-
Meaning: to rise (water, waves)
Celtic: OIr tonn `Welle', Bret tonn `Welle'
Russ. meaning: подниматься (о воде, волнах)
References: WP I 706 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *twin̂- vb. intr., *twen-ā̂- vb., *twan-ō̂- vb., *twan-ē̂- (*twan-a-) vb., *twan-a- (1) c., -ā̂ f., *twan-u- adj.
Meaning: overflow, raise dust
Lithuanian: tvìnti (tvį́sta, tvìnō) `anschwellen (vom Fluss), höher steigen (vom Wasserstand); überschwemmen, -fliessen, -strömen; über das Ufer treten', dial. tvenōti 'dunstig werden, ersticken'; tvãna-s (pl. tvãnai/tvanaĩ) `Ergiessung, Überschwemmung, Hochwasser', tvanù- `was sich ergiesst, flutend, angeschwollen'
Lettish: tvanuôt 'dunsten, Kohlendunst erzeugen'; tvanêt (-u/-ẽju, -ẽju) 'dunstig, zu Dunst werden, ersticken'; tvans, tvana `Dampf, Dunst'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *ɵūn=, *ɵun=
Meaning: rise (about waves)
Old English: ɵūnian `sich erheben'
Middle Low German: dūn(e) `geschwollen, dick, dicht'
Low German: dūnen `schwellen (auch vom Wasser)'; düning, dünnung `Wellen gegen die Windrichtung'
Middle High German: tunne wk. f. 'sturzsee'; { EaHG tünne `Woge' }
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-oengl,germet-mlg,germet-lg,germet-mhg,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *t`i̯oŋe
Meaning: {cavity, hollow}
Russian meaning: {полость, углубление}
Comments: Doerfer (TMN 3, 207) considers the Kalm. form to be the source of TM, which is hardly plausible. Cf. *t`ḕŋà 'lowland'. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *töŋk-
Meaning: 1 to hollow out 2 hollow, groove 3 deep valley
Russian meaning: 1 опустошать, выковыривать 2 полость 3 ложбина, впадина
Written Mongolian: töŋki- 1, töŋkilge 2 (L 835) Khalkha: tönxö-, töngö- 1, tönxlög 2
Buriat: tünxi- 1
Kalmuck: töŋgǝ 3
Ordos: töŋχȫ- 'piquer ou crever à coup de bec'
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tuŋ-
Meaning: 1 lake 2 backwater
Russian meaning: 1 озеро 2 заводь
Evenki: tuŋer 1, tuŋuke 2
Even: töŋēr 1
Negidal: töŋēr 1
Literary Manchu: tuŋgu 'abyss, deep place'
Udighe: toŋi, tuŋi 1
Comments: ТМС 2, 215, 217. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *taŋh / *tǝŋh
Meaning: hollow, empty
Russian meaning: полый, пустой
Modern Korean: thaŋ, thǝŋ
Comments: KED 1694, 1704. koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-reference,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *tōnḍ-
Meaning : to bale out, draw (water); to dig
Notes : I still can't decide if *tōnṭ- 'garden' belongs here or not (derivative?)
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *tōnḍ-
Meaning : to dig, draw water
Tamil : tōṇṭu (tōṇṭi-)
Tamil meaning : to dig, hollow, excavate, scoop out, bore, draw or fetch water from a well, draw out details of, unload (as a ship)
Tamil derivates : tōṇṭi pot of earth or metal used for drawing water; tōṭṭam garden, orchard, plantation; tōṭṭakkāran_ gardener, husbandman, owner of plantation; toṭu (toṭuv-, toṭṭ-) to dig, scoop out, excavate, pierce through; n. field, garden; tuṭavai garden, cultivated field
Malayalam : tōṇṭuka
Malayalam meaning : to burrow, scoop out, remove (ear-wax), clean out (a well), dig
Malayalam derivates : tōṇṭi small earthen vessel for drawing water; tōṭṭam garden; tōṭṭakkāran gardener; toṭi garden
Kannada : tōḍu
Kannada meaning : to take water out of a large vessel with a small one, bail out water, put rice from one vessel into another one or another place, wind thread from one spool upon another one, remove as ear-wax, etc., dig, excavate a hole, burrow, bury (as an arrow in a victim), penetrate (as the breast)
Kannada derivates : tōṭa, tōṇṭa garden; tōṭagār_a, tōṭiga, tōṇṭiga gardener
Kodagu : tōḍ- (tōḍi-)
Kodagu meaning : to dig (a well)
Kodagu derivates : tōṭa garden
Tulu : tōḍuni
Tulu meaning : to dig, burrow, mine
Tulu derivates : tōḍaŋgelụ scooped, burrowed; tuḍa bored, scooped out; tōṭa garden, orchard, plantation; tōṭige a class of brahmans working in plantations
Notes : The derivative *tōṭ- 'garden' has to be reconstructed for the PSDR level.
Number in DED : 3549
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *tō[ṇ]ḍ-
Meaning : to dig
Kota : tōḍ- (tōj-) "to dig a deep hole"
Toda : twɨ̄ṛ- (twɨ̄ṛy-) "to dig with fingers"
Additional forms : Also Kota tōṭm (obl. tōṭt-) fenced field; Toda twɨ̄ṭm (twɨ̄ḍt-) garden; tōṭ = twɨ̄ṭm (in song unit: tōṭɨṣ ɵōr_ man on an estate, i. e. European)
Notes : Kota seems to point to an old nasal cluster, while Toda has an old simple consonant. Complicated situation.
Number in DED : 3549
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *tōnḍ-
Meaning : to draw up, scoop or scoop out, ladle out, dip out
Telugu : tō̃ḍu
Additional forms : Also tō̃ṭa garden, grove, tope; [1] tō̃ṭavā̃ḍu, [2] tō̃ṭī̃ḍu gardener
Number in DED : 3549
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tōnḍ-
Meaning : to draw water
Parji : ṭō̃ḍ- "(S) to draw water from well"
Salur Gadba : tōnḍ- "to bale out (water)"
Poya Gadba : tōnḍ-
Additional forms : Also Salur tōnṭa garden
Number in DED : 3549
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-parji,kogaet-salur,kogaet-poya,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,
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