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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *sVmV
Meaning: hear
Uralic: Os. *śim(-Vl-) 'to be heard'
References: (МССНЯ 366); ND 2069 (FU+Kartv + SH). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *sḕmi ( ~ z-)
Meaning: caution, attention
Russian meaning: осторожность, внимание
Comments: SKE 222-223. An Eastern isogloss; on Jpn. tone see note above. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sēme-
Meaning: 1 to get used 2 to accustom, habituate 3 to guess, be suspicious
Russian meaning: 1 привыкать 2 приучать 3 догадываться, подозревать
Evenki: sēme- 1
Even: hēmgi- 2
Literary Manchu: semki- 3
Comments: ТМС 2, 141, 142. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-man,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *sàm-
Meaning: to take care, use caution
Russian meaning: быть осторожным
Modern Korean: samga-
Middle Korean: sàm-ká-
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *símìas-
Meaning: to show
Russian meaning: показывать
Old Japanese: simjes-
Middle Japanese: símès-
Tokyo: shimés-, shìmes-
Kyoto: shímés-
Kagoshima: shimés-
Comments: JLTT 751. The accent in RJ and PJ is exceptional, showing that the word is treated as a compound *sí- 'make' + *mi-as- 'show, cause to see'. One may suppose that original *sìmà-s- (causative from the attested *sìmà-, OJ sìmà-, Tokyo shimé- "mark, mark out as one's territory") was restructured under the influence of *mì-as- 'show'. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *sem-
Russian meaning: слышать
English meaning: to hear
Georgian: sem-, sm-
Megrel: sim-, sǝm-
Svan: sǝm-, sim-, sm-
Laz: sim-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 164-165, EWK 296-297.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVMV
Meaning : hear
Amerind (misc.) : Penuti, Hoka *cVmV 'ear, hear' (under *c̣imak 'hole' R 376)
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *sim-
Meaning: ear
Notes: In Sem., *-ʕ versus no traces of it in Eg. looks a secondary triconsonantizer. Secondary lateral in CCh, probably influenced by a laryngeal.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-brb,afaset-egy,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 155
Proto-Semitic: *šVmaʕ-
Meaning: 'hear'
Akkadian: šemû
Ugaritic: šmʕ
Hebrew: šmʕ
Syrian Aramaic: šmʕ
Mandaic Aramaic: šma
Arabic: smʕ [-a-]
Epigraphic South Arabian: smʕ
Geʕez (Ethiopian): smʕ
Tigre: šämʕa
Tigrai (Tigriñña): sämʕe
Amharic: sämma
Argobba: sämma
Gafat: sämmä
Harari: säma'a
Gurage: säma
Mehri: hēma
Harsusi: hōma (mēšmēʔ 'ear')
Soqotri: hyemaʕ
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-uga,semet-hbr,semet-syr,semet-mnd,semet-ara,semet-sar,semet-gzz,semet-tgr,semet-tgy,semet-amh,semet-arg,semet-gaf,semet-hrr,semet-gur,semet-mhr,semet-hss,semet-soq,
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Berber etymology :
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Proto-Berber: *sim-
Meaning: 'ear'
Ghadames: a-sim
Notes: Cf. Brb *samw- 'cushion' (Rus подушка, lit 'under ear').
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-ghd,brbet-notes,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: smt (pyr.)
Meaning: 'hear'
Notes: sm.t 'ears' (n)
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,egyet-notes,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *ŝim-
Meaning: 'ear'
Tera: ẑim [NmT]
Bura: ŝîm ]Kr N 40]
Chibak: ŝɨmà [Kr]
Kilba: hímì [Kr]
Hildi=Margi Mbazuwa: ximi [Kr]
Mbara: ŝúmo [TMba]
Higi Baza: ŝɨmǝ [Kr]
Higi Nkafa: ŝɨmɛ [Kr]
Fali Kiria: ŝɨmu [Kr]
Fali Gili: ŝɨmwu [Kr]
Kapsiki=Higi Kamale: ŝɨmǝy [Kr]
Lamang: ŝ̃imun [CLR : 115]
Mandara=Wandala: ŝímà, símạ [CLR: 115]
Malgwa: ŝímè [CLR: 115]
Glavda: hyímìà [CLR: 115]
Guduf: x̂imʌ̀ [CLR: 115]
Mofu-Gudur: ŝùmày [CLR: 115]
Gisiga: ŝime-ḍ [LGis]
Mulwi: ŝúm [CLR]
Munjuk: ŝímáy [TrMnj], ŝǝma-ni luwuŋ 'leaf of a tree'
Daba: ẑìmi [CLR]
Gude: limi-n [CLR]
Gudu: ẑi̇m [CLR]
Logone: ŝim [LLog]
Kusseri: ŝmē [Lk]
Musgu: x̂imḗ , simme, sumo [Lk: 64]
Gidar: ẑum [CLR]
Notes: Cf. Mnj simi 'hear'. Secondary lateral.
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-ter,cchet-bur,cchet-chb,cchet-klb,cchet-hil,cchet-mba,cchet-hib,cchet-hnk,cchet-fki,cchet-fag,cchet-kap,cchet-lmn,cchet-mnd,cchet-zgh,cchet-glv,cchet-gdf,cchet-mof,cchet-gis,cchet-muk,cchet-mnj,cchet-dab,cchet-gde,cchet-gdu,cchet-log,cchet-kus,cchet-msg,cchet-gid,cchet-notes,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *sVm-
Meaning: 'ear'
Somrai: súmí [Jg]
Tumak: hīm [Cp] cf. āw-häma 'leaf'
Ndam: hâm [JgD]
Nanchere: sem-áng [Lk: 90]
Lele: sùmá [Grg]
Gabri: suma-in [Lk: 88]
Kabalai: sàmí [Cp]
Dormo: sumá-nu [Lk"91]
Kera: kó-sɔ́ŋ [Eb]
Mobu (dial. Kwang): sèm-dĩ [JgM]
Mubi: súmā́mù [Lk], śmā́mò [Jg]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-smr,echet-tum,echet-ndm,echet-nch,echet-lle,echet-gbr,echet-kbl,echet-dor,echet-ker,echet-mob,echet-mub,
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