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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *Ḳarbi
Meaning: belly, stomach
Comments: Perhaps two (or more) roots, cf. also PA *kera 'belly, body'; PD *koṛv- 'fat'; PU *kurV 'Körper'. References: МССНЯ 334, ОСНЯ 1, 338-340; ND 1166 *[ḳ]arb/p[i] 'belly, inside' (with some differences); 1202 *Ḳ[o]yaŕ(w)i ~ *ḲE[w]aŕ(w)i 'fat' (Alt.- Drav. *koṛv- + Arab.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *kʷrep-
Meaning: body, belly
Old Indian: instr. kr̥pā́ f. `beautiful appearance'
Avestan: kǝrǝfš, gen. kǝhrpō 'Gestalt, Leib'
Other Iranian: MPers kerp 'Körper'
Old Greek: pl. prapídes, dat. -ísin, ep. -ídessi f. (Hom.+) 'midgriff, diaphragm; understanding, mind'
Latin: corpus, gen. corporis n. `Leib'
Celtic: MIr crī `Leib'
Russ. meaning: тело, живот
Comments: Tischler (with ?) compares Hitt karpessar n. (r/n) 'Gesamtheit' (Tischler 515)
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *xrífa-z; *xrífiz-
Meaning: belly, womb
Old English: hrif (rif), -es n. `womb, belly'
Old Frisian: href, hrif `Bauch'
Old High German: (h)ref m. `Leib, Unterleib, Mutterleib'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-oengl,germet-ofris,germet-ohg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1032
Root: krep-1, kr̥p-
English meaning: body
German meaning: `Leib, Gestalt'
General comments: (oder kʷerp-? s. unten)
Material: Ai. kr̥pā́ Instr. Sg. `Gestalt, Schönheit', av. kǝrǝfš, kǝhrpǝm `Gestalt, Leib', mpers. karp `Кörper' (av. xrafstra- n. `Raubtier' aus *krep + *[e]d-tro- zu ed- `essen'?); vielleicht (?) alb. sh-krep, sh-kep `gleiche ein wenig' (sh = idg. sem, som, sm̥-, vgl. zur Bed. ahd. gi-līh `gleich': līh `Leib');
lat. corpus, -oris n. `Leib, Körper';
mir. crī f. `Leib' (*kr̥pes);
ahd. (h)rëf m. `Leib, Unterleib, Mutterleib', afries. href, hrif `Bauch', ags. hrif n. `Mutterleib, Bauch' (*hrefiz- = *krepes-), ags. mid(h)rif, afries. midref `Zwerchfell' (`*in der Mitte der Leibeshöhle').
Gr. πραπίς, meist Pl. -ίδες `Zwerchfell', das den Anlaut als kʷ erwiese, ist in seinerZugehörigkeit fraglich, da die entsprechende Bedeutung von ags. mid(h)rif wohl auf dem 1. Gliede des Kompositums beruht; es müßte denn πραπίς eine Kurzform zu einer ähnlichen Zusammensetzung sein; nach Vendryes RC 44, 313 ff., Specht KZ. 68, 193 ff. wäre idg. *kʷerp- tabuistische Metathese zu *perkʷ- `Leben, Welt, Eiche' (got. faírƕus `Welt').
References: WP. I 486 f., WH. I 277 f.
Pages: 620
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯ắŕme
Meaning: fat
Russian meaning: жир
Comments: KW 178, Poppe 17, 96 (Turk.-Mong.; but it should be noted that the TM forms (Evk. kalbiŋ etc., see ТМС 1, 365) < Mong. (cf. Doerfer MT 100), while the Kor. kalbi 'rib' does not belong here at all (see under *kéra), АПиПЯЯ 296, Дыбо 6, Мудрак Дисс. 193. In OJ koma ( < *kǝma) would be expected; the diphthong (OJ kwoma) is perhaps due to the influence of the medial cluster. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Kiaŕɨ
Meaning: inner fat
Russian meaning: брюшной жир
Tatar: dial. qazɨ
Uzbek: qɛzi
Uighur: qezi
Khakassian: xazɨ
Oyrat: qazɨ
Chuvash: jor-var 'скоромная пища'
Yakut: qaha
Tuva: qazɨ
Tofalar: qazɨ
Kirghiz: qazɨ
Kazakh: qazɨ
Noghai: qazɨ
Bashkir: qaδɨ
Karakalpak: qazɨ
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-tat,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *karbin
Meaning: 1 inner fat 2 placenta
Russian meaning: 1 брюшной жир 2 плацента
Written Mongolian: qarbin 1; qarbi-su(n) 2 (L 935) Middle Mongolian: qarbi-su 2 (SH) Khalkha: xarvin 1
Buriat: dial. arb́ъŋ 1
Kalmuck: xärwṇ, ärwn. 1
Ordos: xarwiŋ 'inner fat; groin'
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ximū-ŋkse
Meaning: fat
Russian meaning: жир, сало, масло
Evenki: imūkse
Even: imrъn, imdъn
Negidal: imukse
Literary Manchu: imeŋgi
Jurchen: ji-miuŋ-ŋu (526)
Ulcha: simse
Orok: simure
Nanai: śimukse
Oroch: imukse
Udighe: imoho
Solon: imukče, imučče
Comments: ТМС 1, 313-314. Formally - derived from PTM *ximū- 'to smear (with fat); to melt'. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *kìrɨ́m
Meaning: fat
Russian meaning: жир
Modern Korean: kirɨm
Middle Korean: kìrɨ́m
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kuama
Meaning: fat, greasy
Russian meaning: жирный
Old Japanese: kwoma
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *karb-
Russian meaning: живот
English meaning: belly
Megrel: kora, Zugdid. kvara
Laz: korba
Notes and references: Данная занская основа в ОСHЯ 1, 339 сопоставляется с ПИЕ *Krep- 'живот, тело', алт. *kera 'живот, тело', драв. *karV 'утроба'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-meg,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *karaḷ-
Meaning : intestines
Notes : A good SDR root.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *karVḷ
Meaning : entrails, intestines
Malayalam : karaḷ, karuḷ
Malayalam meaning : lungs and heart, liver, bowels; heart, mind
Malayalam derivates : kariḷ heart
Kannada : karuḷ, karaḷu, karḷu, kaḷḷu
Kannada meaning : an entrail, the bowels; love
Kodagu : karɨ
Kodagu meaning : intestines
Tulu : karaḷụ, karlụ
Tulu meaning : the bowels, the liver
Number in DED : 1274
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *karǝl
Meaning : heart; friendship
Kota : karl "heart, mind, desire"
Toda : kōɫ̣ "friend (e gōɫ̣ my friend, tan gōɫ̣ his friend)"
Additional forms : Also Kota ? kavīr stomach (internal organ; for -vīr see 5259)
Number in DED : 1274
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVRPV
Meaning : belly, stomach
Notes : Perhaps two roots, cf. also Alt. *kera 'belly, body' (147).
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-notes,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḳVrVb-
Meaning: interior, inner parts
Notes: Eg. -ꜣ- may reflect *-r- or *-l-. Cf. *garab- 'stomach, belly; body'.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-egy,afaset-cch,afaset-wrz,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 125
Proto-Semitic: *ḳVrb-
Meaning: inner part, middle (of the body)
Akkadian: ḳerbu 'intestines, insides' (in the pl.), 'mind, heart' OB on [CAD ḳ 216], [AHw 914-915]
Ugaritic: ḳrb 'Körpermitte' [Aist 282]
Hebrew: ḳäräb 'entrails, inward parts' [KB 1135]
Arabic: ḳurb- (u < *a assimilated to b ?) 'flancs, à partir des hanches jusqu'au bas-ventre' [BK 2 704]
Notes: Note a derived meaning 'inside, (in the) middle': AKK ḳerbu 'inside, inner part, middle' (the first and main meaning in AKK) OA on [CAD ḳ 216], [AHw 914-915]; UGR ḳrb (prep.) 'inmitten, in, an' [Aist 282]; MOAB b-ḳrb 'in the midst' [Segert 266]. Cf. SOQ di-ríkob (di-ríḳab) 'boyau' [LS 400]; see also QALAN-V d-ī́rǝḳɔb 'estomac de chèvre' et al. [SSL 4 100]; metathetic of *ḳVrb-?
Cf. *ḳalb- 'heart, middle, center' (No. ).
[Holma 61]: AKK, ARB, HBR; [KB 1135]: HBR, MOAB, UGR, AKK, ARB
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-uga,semet-hbr,semet-ara,semet-notes,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: ḳꜣb
Meaning: (med) 'intestine, gut'
Coptic: *ʔekibi
Coptic meaning: 'breast'
Fayumic: kibi
Akhmimic: kīb-e
Bohairic: kifi
Sahidic: ekibe, kibe
Notes: Metathesis. Copt *k may reflect Eg *ḳ; -ꜣ- may reflect *-r- or *-l-
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,egyet-cpt,egyet-cptmean,egyet-fff,egyet-aaa,egyet-bbb,egyet-sss,egyet-notes,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *kirVb-
Meaning: 'lungs'
Buduma=Yedina: kirbobo [Lk]
Notes: Cf. Tera kuḅar farà 'heart' (farà 'blood') [Kr].
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-bud,cchet-notes,
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Warazi etymology :
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Proto-Warazi: *kVr(V)p- (?)
Meaning: 'breast'
Gawwada (Gawata): kerpe
Notes: *-b > -p influenced by k-?
wrzet-prnum,wrzet-meaning,wrzet-gaw,wrzet-notes,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *kī́rV (~-ē-)
Meaning: space between, inside
Comments and references : WFR 3.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *kīrV (~-ē-)
Meaning: chest; belly, entrails
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level (with a sporadic metathesis in Av.-And.-Tsez.). Abdokov (1983, 93) lists also Darg. =akʷ 'middle' (which we were unable to identify) and Ud. bukun 'belly' (a misspelling of buq:un which goes back to quite another root, PEC *bɦĕrƛ̣_V q.v.). He compares this set of EC forms with PWC *kʷǝ 'middle'. Since the only reliable EC data point clearly to *kīrV or *kērV, this etymology is to be rejected.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *kēre
Meaning: belly, entrails
Chechen: kīra
Ingush: ker
Comments: Cf. also Chech. Pharch. kīr, Cheb. kjēri. 5th class in Chech., 6th class in Ing.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *kirV / *rikV
Meaning: 1 chest 2 belly
Avar: kerén 1
Chadakolob: kerén 1
Akhvakh: reka 2
Botlikh: reka 2
Godoberi: reḱa 2
Comments: Av. paradigm C (karán-zul, kúrmu-l; Chad. gen. karán-dul).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-akv,aandet-btl,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *rɨku (~l-)
Meaning: entrails
Tsezi: aχʷa-reku
Khvarshi: aχa-reke-se (Radzhibov)
Comments: PTsKh *ʔaχʷa-rɨku. A compound with aχʷa- 'belly, stomach'.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-khv,cezet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kēr
Meaning: interval, distance
Lushai: kār the distance between, the space between.
Comments: Cf. also Burm. khja middle, centre, ǝkrah between, interval (Luce 1), khjan through; Jnp. kri1 heart-wood, khron2 be through, (H) kren pass through; Serdukpen khar-bu 'belly'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 間
Modern (Beijing) reading: jiān
Preclassic Old Chinese: krēn
Classic Old Chinese: krēn
Western Han Chinese: krjān
Eastern Han Chinese: kriān
Early Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄n
Middle Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄n
Late Postclassic Chinese: kiẹ̄n
Middle Chinese: kạ̈n
English meaning : be in the middle, inserted
Russian meaning[s]: 1) промежуток, щель; интервал; часть помещения, сруб; отсек; отделение; купе; цех; счетный суффикс для комнат; 2) послелог в обстоятельствах времени и места (часто с 在 в начале оборота) в значениях а) в течение; за (напр. истекший год); б) в, между, в промежутке; [jiàn] 1) разлучать, разделять, разобщать, разъединять; 2) смешиваться; переплетаться (напр. о растениях); 3) разведывать, шпионить; 4) пропустить; через; 5) Цзянь (фамилия)
Comments: Also read *krēn-s, MC kạ̈̀n (FQ 古莧), Pek. jiàn 'to put in between, insert, alternate, supersede'; during LZ also *ghrēn, MC ɣạ̈n, Pek. xián "leisure; peace" (written usually as 閒, which is the original form of the character, while 間 is a later corruption; the same word during EZ was written as 閑 q.v.; for *gh- cf. Xiamen an2, iŋ2, Chaozhou õĩ2, Fuzhou eŋ2, Jianou aiŋ9).
Radical: 169
Four-angle index: 3386
Karlgren code: 0191 a-c
Go-on: ken
Kan-on: kan
Japanese reading: kan;ken;aida;ma
Vietnamese reading: gian
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jap,bigchina-viet,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1555
Character: 間
MC description : A: 山開二平山見; B: 山開二去襉見
ZIHUI: A: 7035 1826; B: 7035 1845
Beijing: A: ćian 11; B: ćian 3
Jinan: A: ćiã 11; B: ćiã 3
Xi'an: A: ćiã 11; B: ćiã 3
Taiyuan: A: ćiɛ 1; B: ćiɛ 3
Hankou: A: kan 11; ćian 11 (lit.); B: ćian 3
Chengdu: A: ćian 11; B: ćian 3
Yangzhou: A: ćiɛ̃ 11 (lit.); kɛ̃ 11; B: ćiɛ̃ 3
Suzhou: A: ćî 11 (lit.); ke_ 11; B: ćî 2
Wenzhou: A: ka 11; B: ka 31
Changsha: A: kan 11; B: kan 31
Shuangfeng: A: kã 11; B: ćî̃ 31
Nanchang: A: kan 11; B: kan 31
Meixian: A: kian 11; B: kian 2
Guangzhou: A: kān 11; B: kān 31
Xiamen: A: kan 11 (lit.); kîŋ 11; B: kan 31
Chaozhou: A: kaŋ 11; B: choĩ XH
Fuzhou: A: kaŋ 11; B: kaŋ 31
Shanghai: A: ćî 1; B: ćî 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: A: kiǝn 1; B: kian 3
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *e=r̄ai
Meaning: 1 entrail(s) 2 lung(s) 3 pluck
Bizkaian: errai 1, errai-ki 3, gibel-errai 3
Gipuzkoan: errai, arrai 1, gibel-arrai 3
High Navarrese: errai 1, gibel-errai 3
Low Navarrese: errai 1, gibel-errai 3
Lapurdian: errai, arrai 1, gibel-arrai 3, gibel-errai 3
Zuberoan: errái 1, gibel-errái 2
Roncalese: errai 1, gibel-errai 3
Comments: Gibel-errai most widely refers to 'pluck' (major organs of an animal: heart, lungs, liver, spleen, used as food). Not to be confused with a similar word *er̄ain 'kidneys, loin, back' that is from a Romance reflex of Latin rēn- 'kidney' (Michelena 1961: 144).
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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