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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *c`VmrV
Meaning: to wink, eyelid
References: ND 342 *ć̣[i]mV 'eyelid, blink' (Kartv., Drav. + ?Sem, Cush). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *sarumV ( ~ z-, -ŕ-)
Meaning: eyelash, eyebrow
Russian meaning: ресница, бровь
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *sormu-
Meaning: eyelash
Russian meaning: ресница
Written Mongolian: sormu(u)su(n) (L 729) Middle Mongolian: sormue (HY 45), surimusun ('body hair') (SH), ṣormoṣu 'eyelid' (IM), surbisun (MA), sarmasūn (Lig.VMI) Khalkha: sormos(on), sormūs(an)
Buriat: hoŕmoho(n)
Kalmuck: sorṃsṇ
Ordos: sormūs, sormūsu
Dongxian: somosun
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sarimī-
Meaning: 1 to wink 2 eyelash, eyebrow
Russian meaning: 1 моргать 2 ресница, бровь
Evenki: sarimī- 1, sarimikta 2
Even: harъm- 1, harъmtъ 2
Negidal: sajịmta 2
Spoken Manchu: śulimin 2 (17)
Literary Manchu: solmin 2
Ulcha: sarumta 2
Orok: sịr(ụ)mụqta 2
Nanai: sarmaqta 2
Oroch: sāmikta 2
Udighe: sāmikta 2
Solon: sammikta, sarmilta, sarmitta 2
Comments: ТМС 2, 66. TM > Dag. sarmilta 'eyebrow' (Тод. Даг. 162). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *sǝ̀m
Meaning: eyebrow
Russian meaning: бровь
Middle Korean: nún-sǝ̀m
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *c̣am-
Russian meaning: миг, мгновение (*моргание); ресница
English meaning: moment, wink; eye-lash
Georgian: c̣am- 'moment', c̣amc̣am- 'eye-lash'
Megrel: c̣um-, c̣un-
Megrel meaning (Rus.): минута, секунда
Megrel meaning (Eng.): minute, second
Svan: c̣äm- 'moment', c̣amc̣am 'swift'
Laz: c̣un- 'moment', ḳamc̣am 'eye-lash'
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 242, EWK 496-497. Корень имеет несомненные СК параллели (ПВК *c̣ɦwĕme 'бровь', см. NCED 364), и возможно старое заимствование. С другой стороны, налицо интересные (хотя фонетически нерегулярные) ностратические параллели: алт. *sar(u)mV 'бровь, ресница'; драв. *sime- 'мигать; веко'; урал. *ŝilmä 'глаз'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-mgmean,kartet-emgmean,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *śim-
Meaning : to wink, eyelid
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *śim-
Meaning : to wink; eyelid
Tamil : imai (-pp-, -tt-)
Tamil meaning : to wink, glitter, twinkle, shine; n. eyelid, winking of the eye, time spent in winking
Tamil derivates : cimiẓ (-pp-, -tt-) to wink, blink; cimiṭṭu (cimiṭṭi-) id., to make a signal with the eyes; n. blinking of the eyes, significant wink; cimiḷi (-pp-, -tt-) to wink; cimiḷippu winking of the eyes; cimpuḷi (-pp-, -tt-) to close or shut the eyes as in joy, terror, etc.; nimai (-pp-, -tt-) to wink; n. eyelid
Malayalam : ima
Malayalam meaning : eyelash
Malayalam derivates : imekka to blink, twinkle; cima eyelash; cimpuka, cimmuka, cīmpuka to twinkle with the eyes; cīmpal twinkling of the eyes; cīṇṭuka to give a secret sign
Kannada : ime, eme, eve
Kannada meaning : eyelash, eyelid
Kannada derivates : (Hal.) kǝnjɛme (n, not ñ) eyelid; cimuṭu, civaṭu, civuṭu to twinkle or wink with the eyes
Kodagu : cimm-
Kodagu meaning : (Shanmugam) to twinkle
Kodagu derivates : cimm blinking of the eyes
Tulu : imè, simè, simmè
Tulu meaning : eyelash
Number in DED : 2545
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *cim-uṭ-
Meaning : to wink
Telugu : cimuṭu
Number in DED : 2545
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVMV
Meaning : eyebrow (> eyelid); hair of head
Amerind (misc.) : *cume 'hair' (R 339) [+ K]; cf. also *čom 'skin' (R 636) African (misc.) : ? Bantu *-cé(é)mbò 'horn'.
Reference : ND 342, 2070 (with confusion); GE 12 *tsuma (+ Khois., NS) globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-afr,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *sVʔVm-
Meaning: hair
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-scu,afaset-omo,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: smꜣ (pyr)
Meaning: 'hair'
Coptic: *smaw
Coptic meaning: 'temple'
Dial. of Middle Egypt: smau
Bohairic: smau
Sahidic: sma(a)u
Notes: Metathesis
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,egyet-cpt,egyet-cptmean,egyet-ooo,egyet-bbb,egyet-sss,egyet-notes,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *sum-
Meaning: 'hair' 1, 'growth of hair' 2
Hausa: sū̀mā 2
Ngamo: sɔ̂m 1 [Kr N 36]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,wchet-ngm,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: (?) *sim-ti/ki
Meaning: 'hair-her'
Higi Futu: čin-ši [Kr N 36]
Higi Baza: šin-ti [Kr N 36]
Higi Nkafa: šìn-ti, šìn-tɛ-ɣɨ̀y 'hair', ɣɨ̀y 'head' [Kr N 36, 34]
Higi Ghye: šin-ǯi [Kr N 36]
Fali Kiria: šin-či [Kr N 36]
Kapsiki=Higi Kamale: šin-ti [Kr N 36]
Gude: šín-kínǝ (reg.poss., cf. ki -pron. 'she') [Hs]
Fali Jilvu: sɨm-čin [Kr N 36]
Fali Muchella: šim-ki [Kr N 36]
Fali Bwagira: šim-kin [Kr N 36]
Notes: The word 'hair' belongs to an 'inalienable'type (can not be used without a pronoun). The 3rd sg. fem. in higi group is ti, in bata gr. -ki (cf. Gude). Assim. of -m- in contact and palatalization.
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-hig,cchet-hib,cchet-hnk,cchet-hgh,cchet-fki,cchet-kap,cchet-gde,cchet-faj,cchet-fam,cchet-fbw,cchet-notes,
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South Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-South Cushitic: *saʔam-
Meaning: 'hair' 1, 'body and limb hair' 2, 'feathers' 3
Iraqw (Mbulu): sɛʔɛɛmi 1
Asa-Aramanic: seʔem-uk 1, 3
Qwadza (Ngomvia): saʔamayo 2
Notes: Ehr HRSC 350
scuet-prnum,scuet-meaning,scuet-irq,scuet-asa,scuet-kwz,scuet-notes,
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Omotic etymology :
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Proto-Omotic: *sVmm-
Meaning: 'hair'
Janjero (Yamma, Yemsa): somme
Notes: Contraction
omoet-prnum,omoet-meaning,omoet-yam,omoet-notes,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *c̣ɦwä̆mḗ
Meaning: hair
Comments and references : HGC 19, WFR 87, MCGD 4. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *c̣ɦwĕme (~-ä-,-i)
Meaning: eyebrow
Notes: This EC root is not attested separately, but only in compounds *c̣ĭlV-c̣ɦwĕme (q.v.) or *ʡwĭlʡi-c̣ɦwĕme ("eyelash-eyebrow" or "eye-eyebrow"). Interlingual borrowings: Arch. darc̣an < Lak. it:a-c̣ani.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *c̣a-c̣ʡVm
Meaning: eyebrow
Chechen: c̣oc̣q̇am
Ingush: c̣ac̣q̇am
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: c̣ani
Meaning: eyebrow
Lak form: it:a-c̣ani
Comments: A compound with it:a- 'eye' (see ja).
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *c̣ʷem
Meaning: eyebrow
Lezghian: rc̣am
Tabasaran: ulč̣̌im / ulč̣̌am
Rutul: uli-zen (Shin.)
Kryz: ʕül-c̣äm
Comment: PL has only compounds *hʷil(i)-c̣ʷem (cf. also Lezg. Khl. gɨlc̣am, Tab. Düb. urč̣̌um / urč̣̌im; Rut. -zen also belongs here, but is irregular phonetically) and *c̣il(V)-c̣ʷem (see *c̣ĭlV).
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-rut,lezget-krz,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *chām
Meaning: hair of head
Tibetan: ʔag-chom beard.
Burmese: ćham hair, LB *cham.
Kachin: sam3-ban4 hair of the head, (H) sam id.
Lushai: sam hair of the head; KC *sam.
Lepcha: ăcom
Comments: Tsangla tśam; PG *chàm; Garo mik-sam eyebrow; Magari tśham; Bahing tsam ; Kham cèm; Kanauri tsam wool; Trung nǝ3-tshum1. Sh. 72, 411; Ben. 29, 70.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: �
Modern (Beijing) reading: shān
Preclassic Old Chinese: srām
Classic Old Chinese: srām
Western Han Chinese: ṣām
Eastern Han Chinese: ṣām
Early Postclassic Chinese: ṣạ̄m
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṣạ̄m
Late Postclassic Chinese: ṣạ̄m
Middle Chinese: ṣạm
English meaning : hair
Radical: 0
Four-angle index: 0
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *sǝ̀m
Meaning: hair
Sunwar: cā̃ hair, fur (c- is unclear; cf. also gir-sowā body hair)
Tulung: sem hair, söm fur, animal's hair, hair on human skin, skin (of potato), pod
Kaling: sɔm hair, fur, feather
Comments: Toba 91 *sem.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-notes,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: miksaN
Grammar: n.
Meaning: eyelashes
Derivation: [< mik eye]
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-dercomm,limet-comments,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: sǝm
Grammar: n.
Meaning: body hair; feathers, plumage, scales
Nepali: rãũ
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,dumet-comments,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: tɔ:sǝm
Grammar: n.
Meaning: hair of the head
Nepali: kapāl.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *cǝŋe
Meaning: hair
Ket: tъ̄ŋǝ
Yug: čъ̄ŋ
Kottish: heŋai
Arin: q́agaŋ
Pumpokol: xɨŋa
Comments: ССЕ 213-214. Werner 2, 304 makes an attempt to regard the word as a compound *cɨʔG- 'head' + iʔŋ 'skin' and reconstructs <*t'ǝŋǝ> (Kompositum). There is, however, a number of objections: 1) tonal characteristics of *cǝŋe are strongly against a compound of *cɨʔG+iʔŋ (two glottal stops must have had disappeared!); 2) *iʔŋ 'skin' is probably an unexisting form: Werner himself analyzes iʔŋ as "plural of ī 'skin'" (see 1, 373); 3) this ī 'skin' goes back to PY *ʔik (q.v.) (which Werner himself - 1, 392 - reconstructs as <*igǝ>. The "compound" etymology of *cǝŋe is thus completely untenable. Werner also doubts that Kott. heŋai belongs to this root - but in fact it is a completely regular reflex, see КС 151 (analogously cf. PY *cēse 'boot' > Kott. hēči, PY *cV(n)t- 'husband' > Kott. hat-).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *śe[m]
Meaning: wool
Yasin: śe
Hunza: śe, pl. śémiŋ
Nagar: śe, pl. śémiŋ
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *sama-r̄
Meaning: 1 fleece, shorn wool 2 zamarra (animal hide used as raincoat) 3 mane 4 (men's) jacket or vest 5 blouse 6 apron worn by reapers
Bizkaian: txamarra 6
Gipuzkoan: txamarra 6
Low Navarrese: xamar 5, (Amikuse, Hazparren) zamar 1, 2, (Baigorri) txamarra 5
Salazarese: zamar 2, txamarra 6
Lapurdian: xamar 5, (Ainhoa) txamar 5
Baztanese: zamar 1, 2, xamar 4
Zuberoan: zã́mãr 2, 3, xã́mãr 5
Roncalese: zamar 2, txamarra 6
Comments: *čamar̄(a) is a diminutive/expressive form of *samar̄, and the source of Sp. chamarra 'wool or sheepskin jacket', etc.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *CVm
Meaning: hair
Austroasiatic meaning: hair
Miao-Yao parallels: Yao *syaam
Proto-Thai: sam
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-myao,austr-tai,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: cVm
Meaning: hair
Proto-Bahnaric: JEH sɔ:m.T
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kat,aaet-bah,
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Katuic etymology :
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Proto-Katuic: *suam
Meaning: body hair
Presyllable: pǝ- / #
References: P-952
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-bibref,
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West Katuic etymology :
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Proto-West Katuic:
Meaning: body hair
Kui: su:m.N
Kui meaning: pubic hair
Kuay: suǝ̂m.N
Kuay meaning: pubic hair
Ngeu: suǝm.N
Ngeu meaning: pubic hair
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-kui,wkatet-kuime,wkatet-kuay,wkatet-kuayme,wkatet-ngeu,wkatet-nyeume,
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East Katuic etymology :
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Proto-East Katuic: *so:m / *suam
Meaning: body hair
Presyllable: pǝ- / #
Pakoh: pǝsɔ:m V?
Pakoh meaning: body hair
Taojh: paso:m.T
Taojh meaning: body hair (VL)
Lao Katu: suam-suam
Lao Katu meaning: to have body hair
Ngeq: tuam suam
Ngeq meaning: hair
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-pak,ekatet-pakme,ekatet-tao,ekatet-taome,ekatet-lka,ekatet-lkame,ekatet-nge,ekatet-ngeme,
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