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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *dekO
Meaning: to burn
References: МССНЯ 337; ND 511 *d[A]k[o] (or -g-) 'to burn' (+ very dubious SH). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *dhegʷh-
Meaning: to burn
Tokharian: A, B tsäk- 'burn up', tsāk- 'illuminate' (PT *tsäk-, *tsāk-) (Adams 730 f)
Old Indian: dáhati, ptc. dagdhá-; dāha- m. `burning, combustion', ni-dāghá- m. `heat, warmth, summer'
Avestan: dažaiti `brennt'; daxša- m. `Brand'
Other Iranian: NPers dāɣ `Brandmal'
Old Greek: théptanos = haptómenos Hsch., téphrǟ `Asche'
Baltic: *deg- (*deg-a-) vb. tr./intr., *dē̃g-ia- c., *deg-es-ia- c., *dag-a- c., *dag-ia- c., *dag-u- adj., *dag-l-ā̂ f., *dag-l-ia- c., *dag-l-u- c., *deg-l-a-, *dag-l-a- adj., *dag-[a]- m., *deg-ut-a- c., *deg-ō-t-a- c. Latin: foveō, -ēre, fōvī, fōtum `warm machen, (er)wärmen; hegen, pflegen', fōtus, -ūs m. `Wärmen, Bahen'; fōculum, -ī n. `Wärmemittel, Feuerpfanne', fōmentum n. `wärmender Umschlag'; fōmes, -itis m. `Zündstoff, Zunder', favilla (~ -ī-) `Asche, glühende Asche, Flugasche'; favōnius, -ī m. `der laue Westwind'; febris, gen. -is, acc. -im, abl. -ī f. `Fieber'
Celtic: MIr daig, gen. dega `Feuer'
Albanian: djek `verbrenne, brenne an', δez, ndez `zünde an'
Russ. meaning: жечь, гореть
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: жгу,
Near etymology: жечь, диал. инф. жечи́, жегчи́, укр. жгу, жечи́, жегчи́, жегти́, ст.-слав. жешти, жегѫ κατακαίειν, болг. жега́, жежа́ "жгу" (Младенов 165), сербохорв. жѐħи, жѐже̑м, др.-чеш. žéci, žehu, польск. żec, żgę, в.-луж. žec, žhu; праслав. *žegǫ из *gegǫ; с др. ступенью вокализма: изга́га. Относительно ь в ст.-слав., др.-русск. жьгѫ (Савв., Супр.) ср. Ляпунов 108 и сл.; Мейе -- Вайан 217.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. degù, dègti "жечь", лтш. degu, degt "гореть", др.-инд. dáhati "горит, сжигает", авест. dažaiti, алб. djek "сжигаю", аор. dogja (Г. Майер, Alb. Wb. 69), бретон. devi "сжигать" (Педерсен, Kelt. Gr. I, 108; 2, 508), греч. τέφρᾱ "зола", θεπτανός ̇ ἁπτόμενος (Гесихий), лат. favilla "горячая зола, тлеющие уголья", febris "лихорадка", ср.-ирл. daig "огонь", сюда же лит. dãgas "жар, зной, жатва", dagà "жатва", гот. dags "день"; см. Мейе, MSL 14, 334; Педерсен, Kelt. Gr. I, 108; Траутман, BSW 49; Бернекер 1, 182 и сл.; Брандт, РФВ 25, 223 и сл. Последний пытается объяснить начало слова в слав. древней ассимиляцией в 2, 3 л. ед. ч. *džedžeši, džedžetь после приставок *vъz-, *jьz-, *orz-, что неудовлетворительно в фонетическом отношении. Бернекер (там же) ищет следы стар. слав. d-в чеш. dahněti "тлеть, раскаляться, гореть" (но ср. также dachněti), а также словен. диал. dę̂gnem dę́gniti "испускать лучи". Неудовлетворительно предположение о праформе с начальным g- на основании сравнения с лтш. dzedzīte, dzedziede "пар, невспаханная нива, голое, не покрытое травой место" (Зубатый, AfslPh 16, 422 и сл.). Лтш. слово произошло из *dedziede вследствие дистантной ассимиляции (М. -- Э. I, 539); ср. русск. уго́р от горе́ть. Менее вероятно также сравнение *žegǫ с др.-инд. jañj- "светить, гореть", jañjanābhavat "пылая", др.-исл. kvekva "зажигать" у Шефтеловица (Zschr. Ind. Ir. 2, 271); о последнем см. совершенно иначе Хольтхаузен (Awn. Wb. 167); ср. также Махек, Recherches 84 и сл.
Pages: 2,38
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *deg- (*deg-a-) vb. tr./intr., *dē̃g-ia- c., *deg-es-ia- c., *dag-a- c., *dag-ia- c., *dag-u- adj., *dag-l-ā̂ f., *dag-l-ia- c., *dag-l-u- c., *deg-l-a-, *dag-l-a- adj., *dag-[a]- m., *deg-ut-a- c., *deg-ō-t-a- c.
Meaning: burn
Lithuanian: dègti (dẽga) `(intr.) brennen, (tr.) anzünden, in Brand stecken'; dē̃gi-s 'Brandmal', pl. degesiaĩ, degē̃siai, degèsis 'Augustmonat', dãga-s, dagà '(Sommer)hitze, schwüle Ernte', dagī̃-s 'Distel', dagù- 'entzündlich, brennbar, brennend, bissig, ätzend, jähzornig, feurig'; degla-, dãgla- 'schwarzgescheckt (von Schweinen)'; degùta-s 'Teer'
Lettish: degt 'brennen (tr., intr.)', dagla (dęgla), daglis (deglis) 'Birkling, Birkenschwamm und der aus diesem bereitete Feuerschwamm, Zunder', daglus 'Brandflecken'; dęgls 'brandfleckig, feuerfarbig'; dęguts, dęguots 'Birkenteer'
Old Prussian: dagis 'Sommer' Voc. 13, dagoaugis Voc. 638 'somirlatte (= Spross, wie er in einem Sommer wächst)'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 380
Root: dhegʷh-
English meaning: to burn
German meaning: `brennen'
Derivatives: Nominalbildungen dhō̆gʷho-s, dhegʷh-ro-s
Material: Ai. dáhati, av. dažaiti `brennt' (= lit. degù, aksl. žegǫ, alb. djek), Partiz. ai. dagdhá-ḥ (= lit. dègtas), Kaus. dāháyati; dāha-ḥ `Brand, Hitze', nidāghá-ḥ `Hitze, Sommer', npers. dāɣ `Brandmal' (dazu spätgr. δάγαλος, -ις `rotbraunes Pferd'?); av. daxša- m. `Brand'; gr. θέπτανος ἁπτόμενος Hes. (`angezündet'; == lit. dègtinas `wer oder was zu verbrennen ist'), τέφρᾱ `Asche' (*dhegʷhrā);
alb. djek `verbrenne, brenne an', Kaus. dhez, n-dez `zünde an' (Gdf. *dhogʷhéi̯ō = lat. foveō);
lat. foveō, -ēre `wärmen, hegen, pflegen', fōculum `Feuerpfanne' (*fou̯e-clom), fōmentum `ein erwärmender Umschlag' (*fou̯ementom), fōmes, -itis `Zunder' (*fou̯emet-, Bedeut. wie lett. daglis), favilla `Asche, bes. noch glühende' (wahrscheinlich aus *dhogʷh-lo-lā); favōnius `der laue Westwind' (aus *fovōnios): febris `Fieber' (*dhegʷhro-; nach Leumann Gnom. 9, 226 ff. die i-Flexion nach sitis).
Mir. daig (Gen. dega) `Feuer, Schmerz' (aus *degi-); über mbret. deuiff, nbret. devi, cymr. deifio `brennen' s. unter *dāu- `brennen'; cymr. de `brennend'; go-ddaith `Brand' (aus *-dekto-); aber air. ded-ól `Morgengrauen' nach Marstrander Dict. Ir. Lang. I 213 eigentlich `Abschiedstrunk, letzter Trunk'; nir. dogha `Klette' (: lit. dagys s. unten);
über got. dags `Tag' usw. s. unter *ā̆ĝher- S. 7;
lit. degù, dègti `brennen' (trans. und intrans.), dègtas `gebrannt', dègtinas `was zu verbrennen ist', degtìnė f. `Branntwein', ablauteud dagỹs, dãgis `Distel' (lett. dadzis); dãgas `das Brennen; Sommerhitze; Ernte', dagà `Ernte', apr. dagis `Sommer'; lit. dãglas `brandfarben', dẽglas `schwarzscheckig'; lett. daglas f. Pl. `Brandfleck', daglis `Zunder'; lit. nuodė́gulis `Feuerbrand', dẽgis `Brandwunde'; ablaut. atúo-dogiai (?) m. Pl. `Sommerweizen';
sloven. dę́gniti `brennen. wärmen', čech. alt dehna `Teufel', ablaut. dahněti `brennen'; russ. dëgotь `Teer' (aus `*harzreiches Holz'), wie lit. degùtas `Birkenteer'; mit Assimil. (?) von *degǫ zu *gegǫ: aksl. žegǫ, žešti `brennen', ablaut. russ. iz-gága `Sodbrennen' (s. Meillet MSL. 14, 334 f., anders Brugmann II2 3, 120).
Toch. В teki `Krankheit' (= ir. daig); A tsäk-, В tsak- `brennen', das ts nach dem ablaut.tsāk- (*dhēgʷh-) `glänzen, glühen'; AB cok `Lampe' (aus `Kienfackel') : bsl. *degut- `Teer' (s. oben).
References: WP. I 849 f., WH. I 466 f., 469, 471 f., 864, Trautmann 49, Pedersen Toch. Sprachg. 23.
Pages: 240-241
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *dĕ́kà
Meaning: to burn
Russian meaning: жечь, гореть
Comments: Martin 227, JOAL 90-94, АПиПЯЯ 35-36, 90, 279. Korean has a usual vowel reduction between a stop and a fricative. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *jak-
Meaning: 1 to burn (tr.) 2 light, ray 3 to produce fire
Russian meaning: 1 жечь 2 свет, луч 3 высекать огонь
Turkish: jak- 1
Tatar: jaɣ- 1, jaqtɨ 2
Middle Turkic: jaq- 1 (Abush.) Uzbek: jɔq- 1, jɔɣdu 2
Uighur: jaq- 1
Azerbaidzhan: jax- 1
Turkmen: jaq- 1, jaɣtɨ 2
Halaj: ja:q- 1
Chuvash: śot- 1, śo-dъ 2
Yakut: saq- 1
Tofalar: ča'q- 3
Kirghiz: ǯaq- 1
Kazakh: žaq- 1
Noghai: jaq- 1
Bashkir: jaq- 1, jaqtɨ 2
Gagauz: jaq- 1
Karaim: jaq- 1
Karakalpak: žaq- 1, žaqtɨ 2
Kumyk: jaq- 1
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *deg-ǯe-gi-
Meaning: to burn
Russian meaning: жечь
Evenki: ǯegdī-
Even: ǯegde 'burned place'
Negidal: ǯegdī-
Spoken Manchu: deǯi-, diǯi- (483)
Literary Manchu: dejǯi-
Jurchen: ǯeh-din-ku (686)
Ulcha: ǯegdečiwu
Orok: degde-
Nanai: ʒegdi-
Oroch: ǯegdi-
Udighe: ǯegdi-
Comments: A causative form derived from PTM *degǯe- 'to burn', see ТМС 1, 281-282. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *thằ-
Meaning: to burn
Russian meaning: гореть, жечь
Modern Korean: tha- (itr.), thäu- (tr.)
Middle Korean: thằ- (itr.), thằi'ó- (tr.)
Comments: Nam 456, 457, KED 1684, 1697. koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *dák-
Meaning: to burn (tr.)
Russian meaning: жечь
Old Japanese: jak-
Middle Japanese: ják-
Tokyo: yàk-
Kyoto: ják-
Kagoshima: jáT
Nase: jàkj-
Shuri: jàč-
Hateruma: jàg-
Yonakuni: dàg-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-nas,japet-shu,japet-hat,japet-yon,japet-comments,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *dag-
Russian meaning: жечь (каленым)
English meaning: to brand
Georgian: dag-
Notes and references: Изолированная груз. основа, имеющая, однако, интересные внешние параллели: ср. ПИЕ *dhegʷh- 'жечь', алт. *dĕko id. Сомнительно предположение о заимствовании из ИЕ (Климов 1994, 176).
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-notes,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *dag-
Meaning : to glitter, shine (mostly of fire)
Proto-South Dravidian: *dag- Proto-North Dravidian : *dag- Notes : Quite possibly borrowed from IA.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-ndr,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *dag-
Meaning : to glitter, blaze (of fire)
Tamil : taka-tak-en_al, taka-takav-en_al
Tamil meaning : onom. expr. of dazzling, glowing, glittering
Kannada : daggane
Kannada meaning : with a blaze
Tulu : dagadaga, dagabaga
Tulu meaning : brightly
Tulu derivates : dagga, dagganè (to blaze) suddenly
Number in DED : 2998
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *dag
Meaning : (flame) burns brightly
Kota : dag dag in- (id_-)
Additional forms : Also Kota dagdagn with a good light
Number in DED : 2998
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *dag-
Meaning : glitter
Telugu : dagadaga
Additional forms : Also dagadagam-anu to glitter, shine
Number in DED : 2998
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *dag-
Meaning : to shine
Kurukh : dagnā "to light, set fire to, burn (tr.)"
Malto : dagdagre "to glitter, shine"
Number in DED : 2998
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *ǝkǝ(-)
Meaning: to burn, fire
Russian meaning: гореть, жечь, огонь
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 101
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-newcom,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *ǝkǝ(-)
Meaning: conflagration, fire 1, to burn 2
Russian Meaning: огонь, пожарище 1, гореть, пылать 2
Central Alaskan Yupik: ǝka 1, ǝkǝ- 2
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 101
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-cay,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *ịkǝ̣- (-t-)
Meaning: to burn 1, to burn tr., to ignite 2
Russian meaning: гореть, пылать 1, жечь, зажигать 2
Seward Peninsula Inupik: iɣi- 1, iɣit- 2
SPI Dialects: Imaq ɨɣɨ́taɣa 1, ɨɣɨ́maroq 'burning, igniting', W iɣittoq* 2
North Alaskan Inupik: ikɨ- 1, ikɨt- 2
NAI Dialects: B, Ingl ikittoq* 2, Mal ikɨ 'conflagration'
Western Canadian Inupik: ikit- 2
WCI Dialects: Cor ikitpoq* 2, M ikittoq* 2, iki- 'to be burnt' [Lowe]
Eastern Canadian Inupik: ikisaq- 2
Greenlandic Inupik: iki- 'to be lit, to smoke (lamp)', ikit- (ikípâ*) 2
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 101
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : TVKV
Meaning : to burn
Amerind (misc.) : *tuk 'burn' (R 99) [+ A K]; *toki 'day, sun' (R 706) Reference : МССНЯ 337; GE 114 *ṭoka. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *tukaʔ-
Meaning: burn; ash
Berber: +?
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-brb,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: tkꜣ (reg)
Meaning: 'burn'
Coptic: *t'ōk
Bohairic: t'ōk
Sahidic: tōk
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,egyet-cpt,egyet-bbb,egyet-sss,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *tuʔVk-/*tVkk-
Meaning: 'cold ash' 1,'put oh fire'2
Hausa: tṑká̄ 1
Pero: tókkò 2 [Fr]
Notes: cf. CCh Musgu mutukúi 'white, yellow' < *mu-tuk- 'ash-colour'?
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,wchet-per,wchet-notes,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *takʷ-r
Meaning: 'burn'
Mafa=Matakam: tákwá-r [BaMaf]
Notes: Buduma takau 'cook' [Luk] is related to W Ch NBauci *tVḳ- 'cook'.
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-mtk,cchet-notes,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *tVk-n-
Meaning: 'stove'
Dangla: tuki-nà [Fd]
Bidiya: tokí-nà [Jg]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-dng,echet-bid,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *dVKʷV
Meaning: shine, burn
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *[dh]ĕkʷ
Meaning: burn, glow
Tibetan: dugs heat; make warm; to light, to kindle; thog thunderbolt, lightning.
Burmese: tauk to blaze, flame, be luminous brilliant, LB *t[uk]x burn.
Lushai: duk be glowing with heat (as ashes).
Lepcha: tik, tik-kă tik-kă sparkling, flickering (light)
Comments: Luce 81. Cf. also OCh. 燭 *tok torch; Kir. *thik 'cook, burn': perhaps two original roots that are now very hard to distinguish. stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 灼
Modern (Beijing) reading: zhuó
Preclassic Old Chinese: tekʷ
Classic Old Chinese: teuk
Western Han Chinese: tjauk
Eastern Han Chinese: ćauk
Early Postclassic Chinese: ćauk
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćak
Late Postclassic Chinese: ćak
Middle Chinese: ćak
English meaning : be brilliant
Russian meaning[s]: 1) блестящий; светлый; 2) сгорать; сжигать
Shuowen gloss: 灸也.從火.勺聲. [483]
Radical: 86
Four-angle index: 4265
Karlgren code: 1120 f
Shijing occurrences: 6.1
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-shijing,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *thok (~ -uk, -ak)
Meaning: cook
Tulung: thok- ripen, be ready to burst (of boil)
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-tul,kiret-lim,kiret-yam,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: tho:kmaʔ, -tho:kt-/-tho:k-
Grammar: vt.
Meaning: cook (patient: tɔk, ma:ki, sa), saute, fry
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-comments,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: thokma
Stem: <thog- ; thok->
Grammar: v.tr.
Meaning: to prick lightly; to light by pressing onto a glowing bit of wood.
Comments: [2 different roots]
Nepali: jhosnu
yamet-prnum,yamet-stem,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-comments,yamet-nepali,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *tokaj
Meaning: white, light, pale
Ket: tɔ́ɣäj, tɔ́ɣej
Yug: tɔ́gej 'grey'
Comments: Werner 2, 281 (w.r.).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-notes,
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