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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ŋāńi
Meaning: to approach, follow
References: ND 1643 *ŋańV 'take so. with oneself, lead'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *nēy-
Meaning: to lead
Hittite: nai-, ne- (II) 'lenken, leiten, richten, schicken' (Friedrich 147-148)
Old Indian: náyati, ptc. nītá- `to lead, guide'; nétar- `leading', netár- m. `leader', netrá- n. `leading, guiding'
Avestan: nayeiti `führt'
Other Iranian: MPers nītan `führen, treiben'
Slavic: ? *nētī `нести' (only SrbCro - see etymology ESSJa q.v.)
Celtic: *neit- > OIr nīath, arch. nēth `Held', ogam. gen. nētas, MIr nē, nae `Held'
Russ. meaning: вести
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-slav,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1361
Root: nei-1, neiǝ- : nī-
English meaning: to lead
German meaning: `führen'
Material: Ai. náyati (Partiz. nītá-), av. nayeiti `führt', mpers. nītan `führen, treiben', ai. nīthā f. `Führung, Weg', nītho, netā `Führer', nḗtar-, nētár- m. ds., nētrá- n. `Führung, Auge'; mir. nē, nīa `Krieger, Held' (*neit-s), Gen. Sg. urir. nētas, air. nīath (*nei-t-os; s. auch nei-2); hitt. nāi- `lenken, führen'.
References: WP. II 321, Pedersen Hitt. p. 77 f., 81, Frisk Suffixales -th- 5 f.
Pages: 760
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ŋā̀ńì
Meaning: to take smb. with (oneself)
Russian meaning: брать кого-л. с собой
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *naji-
Meaning: 1 friendship 2 accord; feast 3 to be combined, unite
Russian meaning: 1 дружба 2 согласие; праздник, пир 3 объединяться
Written Mongolian: nai 1 (L 558), najir 2, najira- 3 (L 559) Middle Mongolian: naira-qui 'debt, justice, right' (HY 49) Khalkha: naj 1, najr 2, najra- 3
Buriat: najr 2, najral 'harmony'
Kalmuck: nǟ 1, nǟr 2, nǟr- 3
Ordos: nǟ 'marque d'amitié', nǟr 2, nǟra- 'be friends'
Dagur: ńara- 'to love, be attached' (Тод. Даг. 156) Comments: KW 273, 274. Mong. > Man. nara- 'to be attached'. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ŋāni-
Meaning: to fetch, go to take smth. or smb.
Russian meaning: пойти, чтобы принести что-л.
Ulcha: ŋan-ǯụ-
Nanai: ŋānị-
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *nīń-
Meaning: to combine, continue
Russian meaning: соединять, продолжать
Modern Korean: īt- [is-]
Middle Korean: nīń-
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *ìmuà
Meaning: beloved, friend
Russian meaning: любимая, подруга
Old Japanese: imwo
Middle Japanese: ìmò
Tokyo: imōtó "younger sister", imo-se "consorts"
Kyoto: ímṓtó
Kagoshima: imōtó
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *naṇ-
Meaning : to approach; to join; friend
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *NaN- dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *naṇ-[ṭ-]
Meaning : to approach; to unite; friend, friendship
Tamil : naṇṇu (naṇṇi-)
Tamil meaning : to draw near, approach, reach, be attached to, united with, adhere
Tamil derivates : naṇṇunar friends, adherents; naṇpu, naṭpu love, attachment, affection, amity, friendship, relationship; naṇpan_ friend, companion, associate; naṇmai, naṇi nearness, proximity; naṇiyān_ one who is near; naṇuŋku (naṇuŋki-), naṇuku (naṇuki-) to approach, draw nigh, arrive at, become attached to or united with; naḷ (naṭp-, naṭṭ-), naḷḷu (naḷḷi-) to approach, join, associate with, contract friendship, befriend, like, accept; naḷḷunar friends, adherents, associates; naṭṭār, naṭṭōr friends, relations
Malayalam : naṇṇuka, neṇṇuka
Malayalam meaning : to remember with love and gratitude
Kannada : naṇṭu, neṇṭu
Kannada meaning : relationship, friendship
Kannada derivates : naṇṭa, neṇṭa relative, kinsman, friend; naṇṭatana, neṇṭatana, naṇṭartana, naṇṭastike, naṇṭike relationship; naṇpu, neṇpu friendship, affection, love, favour, confidential relationship, familiarity, intimacy, relationship, delightfulness, charm, pleasantness, agreeability
Tulu : naṇṭụ, naṇṭu, naṇṭastigè, neṇṭastigè
Tulu meaning : kin, relationship
Tulu derivates : neṇṭe a relation
Notes : Tamil naḷ- is unclear; quite possibly contaminated with *naḷ- 'wide, thick, overcrowded'.
Number in DED : 3588
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *naṇ-
Meaning : gratitude
Kota : naṇy "gratitude for help given by another (or perhaps 'friendly help')"
Toda : noṭ "friendship"
Notes : Toda noṭ < *naṇ-t-.
Number in DED : 3588
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *naṇ-[ṭ-]
Meaning : friendship, a friend
Telugu : naṇṭu
Telugu (Krishnamurti) : nanucu "to like, love, be fond of"
Additional forms : Also naṇṭukā̃ḍu friend, companion; fem. naṇṭukatte; [1] nanupu, [2] nanpu amiability, agreeability; (K) nanuvu agreeableness
Number in DED : 3588
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_kr,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *NaN-
Meaning : to enter
Ollari Gadba : nan-
Salur Gadba : nann-
Number in DED : 3588
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-salur,kogaet-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : NVNV
Meaning : to go, come
Amerind (misc.) : *nani 'come' (R 141) [+ A K] (for PST cf. perhaps rather *wan 'go' R 315 [+ A K]); some forms see under *nama 'road' (R 573); *niyani 'road' (R 575) [+ K] globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *nan-
Meaning: go, walk
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-brb,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-lec,
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Berber etymology :
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Proto-Berber: *nVn-
Meaning: 'go across'
Izayan: ennu
brbet-prnum,brbet-meaning,brbet-izy,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: nny (pyr)
Meaning: 'go'
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *nan-
Meaning: come'
Kifri=Giwo: non- [St]
Notes: Cp. Geruma naya 'come' [CLR: 82] and Nfizim nii 'coming' [CLR: 82]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-krf,wchet-notes,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *nan-
Meaning: 'go'
Masa: nàná [CLR: 163]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-mas,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *nan-
Meaning: 'go round' 1, 'walk' 2
Oromo (Galla): naannaʷa 1
Arbore: nanni-ete 2
Notes: Reduplication?
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-oro,lecet-arb,lecet-notes,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=VʔwV́ŋ
Meaning: to go, travel
Comments and references : HGC 23, LDC 30, BCD 30. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=VʔwVn
Meaning: to go
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. One of the verbal roots with the basic laryngeal consonant. The vowels are rather hard to reconstruct in most of these roots (because of contractions). Cf. also HU: Hurr. un-, Urart. nun- 'to come' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 32).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ʡo-
Meaning: go
Batsbi: ʕo- (pres.)
Comments: An isolated Bacb. root (used only in the present tense), but probably archaic.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *=VʔVn-
Meaning: to go
Akhvakh: =un-
Chamalal: =ūn-
Karata: =oʔan-
Comments: The root vowel is hard to establish because of contractions which had taken place in all languages.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-krt,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *=ǝ̃ʔ-
Meaning: come
Gunzib: nǝʔ-
Comments: Isolated in Gunz. (initial n- points to root nasalisation), but having probable parallels in Andian languages and elsewhere.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: na-
Meaning: to go, walk (dur.)
Lak form: na-n
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ʔʷă (s-, -ŋ)
Meaning: go
Tibetan: ʔoŋ come, soŋ pf. and imp. of ãgro "to go".
Burmese: swah go, waŋ enter, go or come in.
Kachin: wa2 return.
Lushai: KC *waŋ go (cf. also Lush. vāk, vaʔ go, walk).
Comments: PG *wàŋ ~ *khòŋ enter; Chepang, Magari hwa to go; Newari wa to go; Dhimal waŋ enter; Bunan hwaŋs ~ hoaŋ come out. Sh. 64; Ben. 50, 105.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 于
Modern (Beijing) reading: yú [yū, xū]
Preclassic Old Chinese: wa
Classic Old Chinese: wa
Western Han Chinese: wa
Eastern Han Chinese: wa
Early Postclassic Chinese: wo
Middle Postclassic Chinese: wo
Late Postclassic Chinese: wo
Middle Chinese: ɦü
Fanqie: 雲劬
Rhyme class: 虞 [魚]
English meaning : to go; be in, to; to enlarge
Russian meaning[s]: 1) предлог, вводящий косвенное дополнение, см. 於; 2) идти, отправляться; 3) древн. как?, каким образом?, вм. 何; 4) я; 5) большой; широкий; далекий; 6) Юй (фамилия); [xū̄] см. 吁
Shuowen gloss: 於也. 象氣之舒于. 從丂. 從一. 一者. 其氣平也. 凡于之屬皆從于.
Comments: Min dialects have not preserved the word, but the clearly related 往 *waŋʔ 'to go' has Min reflexes: Xiamen ɔŋ3, Chaozhou uaŋ3, Fuzhou uoŋ3, allowing to reconstruct *w- (not *wh-) [the reconstruction in RDFS p. 158 is incorrect - as well as the observation on the previous page that only OC *wh- can go back to ST *ʔʷ - the problem needs further investigation]. Also used as an interjection (especially in the combination 于嗟 *wa-ciaj).
Radical: 7
Four-angle index: 3234
Karlgren code: 0097 a-g
Go-on: u
Kan-on: u
Japanese reading: u;aa;koko;ni;yori;yuku
Shijing occurrences: 2.1, 6.1, 7.2, 7.3, 9.2, 9.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 13.1, 13.2, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 25.1, 25.2, 26.4, 28.1, 28.2, 28.3, 31.3, 31.5, 33.1, 33.2, 35.5, 39.1, 39.2, 39.3, 50.1, 50.2, 50.3, 51.2, 54.1, 54.4, 57.3, 58.1, 58.2, 58.5
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-fanqie,bigchina-rhyme,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jap,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 26
Character: 于
MC description : 遇合三平虞云
ZIHUI: 0060 1005
Beijing: y 12
Jinan: y 12
Xi'an: y 12
Taiyuan: y 1
Hankou: y 12
Chengdu: y 12
Yangzhou: y 12
Suzhou: y 12
Wenzhou: ɦu 12
Changsha: y 12
Shuangfeng: y 12
Nanchang: y 31
Meixian: ji 12
Guangzhou: jy 12
Xiamen: u 12
Chaozhou: i 11
Fuzhou: y 11
Shanghai: y 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: iu 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *wòŋ
Meaning: enter
Sunwar: ō-ca
Tulung: hu(ŋ)- (AS wamu)
Kaling: wonä (woŋɔ)
Comments: Toba 89 *woŋ-.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,kiret-notes,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: oNnɨ
Grammar: vi-3 uN-oN
Meaning: enter
Nepali: pasnu.
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: wɔ:ma
Grammar: vi-3 [1: wɔN- 2: wɔ:-]
Meaning: enter
Nepali: pasnu.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: oŋma I
Stem: <oks- ; oŋ->
Grammar: v.intr. & v.tr.
Meaning: 1) to come up, to pop up, to be sent up, to be uprooted; oŋghäʔma (of trees and long things) to fall over, to be uprooted; 2) to bring up, to cause to go up, to lift up with a lever, e.g. the rice-husker; oŋdima to lift up and place on top; oŋnema to kill, to finish off by uprooting
Comments: saraŋ.beʔ ra:p.nuŋ oŋ.häks.u. (foot.LOC sei:e.SOC fell.INEF.о3) He seized him by his feet and threw him down.
Nepali: jarādheki jānu, ḍhalnu
yamet-prnum,yamet-stem,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-comments,yamet-nepali,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *hejVŋ
Meaning: to go
Ket: ējeŋ1 / ɛjeŋ5
Yug: ejiŋ1
Kottish: hejaŋ "to go" (cf. also ijaŋ "go away", praet. uijaŋ, imp. anu; асс. ujáha (Сл., Кл., М.) "ride on horse", pulán-ujáha (М., Сл.), pulan-ajáha (Кл.) "to walk" (puláŋ "feet")
Comments: ССЕ 231. Werner 1, 265-266 (where hejaŋ is compared to ējeŋ) - but 1, 472, where it is treated completely differently (see *gaj).
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *ne-
Meaning: walk (go)
Yasin: né-
Hunza: ní-
Nagar: ní-
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *e=oHa-n
Meaning: to go
Bizkaian: joan, juan, fuan, fan
Gipuzkoan: joan, fan
High Navarrese: joan, goan, gan
Low Navarrese: juan
Salazarese: fan
Lapurdian: goan, gan
Baztanese: gan
Aezkoan: fan
Zuberoan: joan, juan, jun [žũn]
Roncalese: [xwan], fan, [šwan]
Comments: There are many localized developments of joan > [xwan] > [fan], etc. See Michelena (1961: 173). As pointed out by Jacobsen (1995) some northern dialects have forms with -h-: noha 'I am going', etc. Comparison with PNC *=iχ_wV 'to go, come, enter' is also possible.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-azk,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *jVŋ
Meaning: to go, walk
Austroasiatic meaning: go, walk
Miao-Yao parallels: Yao jaŋ.3 to walk
Proto-Thai: ja:ŋ.B to go, to step
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-myao,austr-tai,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: jVŋ
Meaning: go, walk
Thai: ja:ŋ.B to go, to step
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-pawa,
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Palaung-Wa etymology :
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Proto-Palaung-Wa:
Meaning: walk
pawaet-meaning,pawaet-prnum,pawaet-pran,
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Angku etymology :
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Proto-Angku: *jaŋ or *ja:[k]
Meaning: walk
Pangpin: jak.55 go, walk
Gantang: jiak.55 run
Mang'an: jak.55
References: WW-483, WW-484
pranet-meaning,pranet-prnum,pranet-phu,pranet-ph2,pranet-mnn,pranet-bib,
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