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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *gUlV
Meaning: laugh, merry
Altaic: Turk. *gül- 'laugh'
References: ND 707 *gUǯl̄U 'to laugh, amuse' (+ very dub. SH). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *ghlew-
Meaning: to joke, to enjoy
Old Greek: khléu̯ǟ f. `Scherz, Spott, Hohn'
Russ. meaning: шутить, веселиться
piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: глум,
Near etymology: род. п. -а "шутка, насмешка", глуми́ться, укр. глум, глуми́ти, блр. глум, глумíць, ст.-слав. глоумъ (Супр.), болг. глум "шутка", сербохорв. глу́мити се "шутить", глу́ма "шутка, игра", словен. glúmiti se "сыграть шутку", др.-чеш. hluma "histrio", польск. gɫum "жестокое обращение, пытка, унижение", gɫumić "дразнить, жестоко обращаться".
Further etymology: Родственно др.-исл. glaumr "шумное веселье", др.-исл. gleyma "быть веселым, мешкать, забывать", далее, греч. χλεύη "шутка, насмешка", χλευάζω "шучу", лит. glaudas "забава", glauda ж. -- то же (Даукша), gláudoti "шутить", лтш. glaudât -- то же; см. Цупица, GG 174; Бернекер 1, 308; Торп 149; Траутман, BSW 91; М. -- Э. 1, 621 и сл.; Младенов, AfslPh 36, 120 и сл.; Сольмсен, Beitr. 246 и сл. Неприемлема мысль о заимствовании из герм.; см. Уленбек, AfslPh 15, 486 и сл.; против -- см. Кипарский 66, с литер.
Pages: 1,416
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *glaûd-a- c., *glaûd-ā̂ f.
Meaning: joke
Old Lithuanian: glauda-s 'Kurzweil'
Lithuanian: gláuda 'Scherz', gláudōti 'scherzen'
Lettish: glaudât 'scherzen'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-olith,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *gliwa-n; *glauma-z, *gluma-z, *glumja-z
Meaning: shout, noise
Old Norse: glǖ n. `Freude'; glaum-r m. `Lärm, Getöse, Jubel'; glum-r m. `Lärm'; glümja wk. `dröhen, lärmen'
Norwegian: glöym; glum `dumpfer Laut'; glümja `lärmen'; glüm-r m. `Krach, Lärm'
Old Swedish: glömber
Swedish: dial. glomma `Schelle'
Old English: glēo, glīw, glīg n. `fröhliche Unterhaltung, gesellige Lust, Freude'; glēam `Jubel, Freude'
English: glee
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-oengl,germet-engl,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 679
Root: ghleu-
English meaning: to be joyful, to joke
German meaning: `fröhlich sein, scherzen'
General comments: Erweiterung von ghel- `schreien' oder ghel- `glänzen'?
Material: Gr. χλεύη f. `Scherz, Spott'; aisl. glȳ n. `Freude', ags. glēo, glieg, glīw n. `Spiel, Freude'.
Mit dentaler Erweiterung:
alit. glaudas m., glauda f. `Kurzweil', gláudoti `scherzen', lett. glaudât ds. [glaudas `Liebkosungen' gehört aber ursprünglich zu glaũsti, lett. glaũst `anschmiegen, streicheln, liebkosen', lit. glaudùs `sich anschmiegend, einschmeichlerisch'; s. unter gel-1, Erweiterung gl-eu-].
Mit m-Ableitung (Nominalbildung ghloumos):
aisl. glaumr `lärmender Jubel', gleyma `vergessen, fröhlichen Lärm machen', ags. glēam `Jubel, Freude'; ablaut. aisl. glymr `Krach, Lärm', glymja `tönen', mhd. glumen `dröhnen';
aksl. bezъ gluma `constans', glamiti sę `ἀδολεσχει̃ν', russ. gɫum `Scherz, Spott', gɫumitь sja `spotten, sich lustig machen über', bulg. glúma `Spaß, Scherz, Spott', glumjá se `scherzen, spaßen', skr. glúma f. `Scherz, Lustspiel', čech. (alt) hluma `histrio', poln. dial. w gɫum `in Nichts', eigtl. `im Scherze'.
Mit p-Ableitung:
slav. *glupъ, russ. gɫúpyj `dumm, albern', Specht KZ. 68, 123.
References: WP. I 660 f., Trautmann 91.
Pages: 451
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVLV
Meaning : laugh
Amerind (misc.) : *kal(i) 'laugh' (R 420) globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-amer,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=HíqVɫ-
Meaning: to laugh, joke
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=HilVq_Vr
Meaning: to laugh, rejoice
Notes: The root is expressive (it has a unique root structure: HVRVCVR) and spread only in the Eastern Dagestan area. The irregular development in PD (we would rather expect *q:I) is probably due to the root's expressive nature.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: =aIlaqa-
Meaning: to rejoice, have a good time
Lak form: =aIlaqa-n
Comments: G. pr. =aIla=qu-n. Cf. also, with Anlaut reduction, dur. qIa-n 'to laugh' (Khosr. qIa-n).
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *d-aqIala
Meaning: laugh
Chiragh: daqIala
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-chr,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔilqIar
Meaning: to laugh
Lezghian: qüre-
Tabasaran: alqI-
Agul: ilqI-
Kryz: qur-
Archi: χIar-
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. pret. qüre-na, Ag. Bursh. alqIan-, reduplicated forms: Kryz. dur. quqari, Arch. term. χIuraχIu; derivates: Lezg. qʷer (with secondary labialization), Rut. jaqI, Tsakh. aqIana, Bud. qur 'laugh', perhaps also Ud. muqI 'merry, glad' (< *w-ilqIVn < *w-ilqIVr). See Хайдаков 1973, 140.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-krz,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *xjā̆l
Meaning: play, joke
Tibetan: kjal-ka joke, jest, dkjal to talk nonsense.
Lushai: khāl to play with.
Comments: Trung a3-găl2 to play. Coblin 99.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 戲
Modern (Beijing) reading: xì
Preclassic Old Chinese: hajs
Classic Old Chinese: hajh
Western Han Chinese: hajh
Eastern Han Chinese: heh
Early Postclassic Chinese: hè
Middle Postclassic Chinese: hè
Late Postclassic Chinese: hè
Middle Chinese: xè
English meaning : to joke, play
Russian meaning[s]: 1) игра, забава, шутка, развлечение; шутить, разыграть (кого-л.); насмехаться; забавляться; шутя; 2) театр; спектакль, представление; пьеса; играть (на сцене); 3) Си (фамилия); [hū] вм. 呼
Radical: 62
Four-angle index: 6741
Karlgren code: 0022 b
Shijing occurrences: 55.3
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 2255
Character: 戲
MC description : 止開三去寘曉
ZIHUI: 2070 0704
Beijing: śi 3
Jinan: śi 3
Xi'an: śi 3
Taiyuan: śi 3
Hankou: śi 3
Chengdu: śi 3
Yangzhou: śi 3
Suzhou: śi 31
Wenzhou: si_ 31
Changsha: śi 31
Shuangfeng: śi 31
Nanchang: śi 31
Meixian: hi 3
Guangzhou: hei 31
Xiamen: hi 31
Chaozhou: hi 31
Fuzhou: xie 31
Zhongyuan yinyun: xi 3
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-zhongyuan,
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