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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḳVwχV
Meaning: to beat, hit
References: ND 1232 *ḳaχü ~ *ḳaχyU 'to strike / push' ( + incorr. Mong. and some Cush., Omot.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *kowǝ-
Meaning: to beat, to hew, to forge
Tokharian: A ko-, B kau- (PT *kau-) `töten' (Adams 208); A kot-, B kaut- (PT *kaut-) 'split off, break, chop, crush' (Adams 210)
Avestan: fra-kušaiti `erschlägt, tötet'
Other Iranian: NPers kuštan `töten'
Latin: cūdo, -ere, cūdī, cūsum `schlagen, klopfen, stampfen; prägen'; incūs, -dis f. `Amboss'; caudex, cōdex `Baumstamm, Klotz; zu Schreibtafeln gespaltenes Holz, Notizbuch'
Celtic: OIr cuad, i. cogad `schlachten, kämpfen' in O'Dav. Gl.
Russ. meaning: бить, рубить, ковать
piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: кова́ть,
Near etymology: кую́, укр. кова́ти, кую́, ст.-слав. ковати, коуѭ τεκταίνειν (Супр.), болг. кови́ "кую", сербохорв. ко̀вати, ку̏jе̑м, словен. kováti, kújem, чеш. kouti, kuji, слвц. kоvаt᾽, польск. kuć, kuję, в.-луж. kować, н.-луж. kowaś.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. káuti, káuju, kóviau "бить, ковать", лтш. kaût, kâuju, д.-в.-н. houwan "рубить, наносить удары", лат. сūdō "бью, стучу, толку", ирл. сuаd "бить, бороться"; см. Бернекер 1, 592 и сл.: М.--Э. 2, 179 и сл.; Цупица, GG 122; Траутман, ВSW 123; Буга, ИОРЯС 17, 1, 27; РФВ 71, 51; Мейе--Вайан 24. Сюда же кознь, кузне́ц, кова́рный.
Pages: 2,270
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *kaû- (2) vb. tr., *kāw-ā̂ f., *kū̂-j-ā̂ (1) f., *kū̂-j-ia- c.
Meaning: beat, hew, forge
Lithuanian: káuti (káuja/káuna, kṓvē/OLith kãvō) 'schlagen, hauen, umbringen, vernichten'; kōvà `Kampf, Schlacht'; Lith kū́ji-s, kū́gi-s `schwerer Schmiedehammer', kū́ja 'Stelze'
Lettish: kaût (kaûju/kaûnu, kâvu/kavu) `schlagen, hauen; stechen (beim Kartenspiel); schlachten; treten', {kũja 'Stab, Stock, Keule' -- not found in ME} kũj(i)niẽks, kũjeniẽks 'jem. der mit dem Stocke umhergeht, Bettler; ungebetener Gast'
Old Prussian: cugis 'Hammer' Voc. 518
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *xawwán- vb., *xawwá-z, -ṓ
Meaning: hew, forge
Old Norse: hɔggwa st. `hauen'; hɔgg m. `Hieb, Stoss, Schlag', hauδr
Norwegian: hogga vb.; hogg
Swedish: hugga vb.; hug
Danish: hugge vb.; hig
Old English: hēawan (hēow); ge-heaw
English: hew
Old Frisian: hāwa, hauwa, hōwa, houwa
Old Saxon: hauwan
Middle Dutch: houwen; houw
Dutch: houwen
Old Franconian: hauuan
Middle Low German: houwen
Old High German: houwan (hīo) (9.Jh.) `(ab-, ein-, nieder-, zer)hauen, schlagen, stechen, behauen, bearbeiten, (ab-, zu)schneiden, ernten'; houwōn; houwa (9.Jh.)
Middle High German: houwen, howen, hawen red. v. 'hauen, stechen', houwen wk 'hauen, schlagen'; houwe, howe, hawe wk. f. 'haue, hacke'; hou (-w-) st. m. `Hieb; Holzhieb, Hiebabteilung eines Waldes'
German: hauen (hieb; gehauen) st./wk.; Haue f.; (älter) Hau `Schlag, Hieb'; Hieb m.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 856
Root: kāu-, kǝu-
English meaning: to hit, cut
German meaning: `hauen, schlagen'
Material: Lat. (mit präsensbildendem d) cūdō, -ere `schlagen, klopfen, stampfen, prägen' (wohl für *caudō nach den viel häufigeren Kompos.; vgl.) caudex, cōdex `Baumstamm, Klotz; zu Schreibtafeln gespaltenes Holz, Notizbuch', cōdicillus `Scheitholz', caudica `aus einem Baumstamm gemachter Kahn', incūs, -ūdis f. `Amboß'; toch. A kot-, В kaut- `spalten'; ahd. houwan (hīo), ags. hēawan (hēow), aisl. hǫggua (hiō) `hauen (hieb)' (dazu als `zu Hauendes' got. usw. hawi `Heu');
lit. káuju, kóviau, káuti (*kāu̯i̯ō) `schlagen, schmieden; kämpfen', kovà `Kampf', lett. nuò-kaût `erschlagen, töten', kava `Schlag, Schicht' (*kǝu-), lit. kújis `Hammer' = apr. cugis ds. (abg. kyjь ds.; lit. kúgis ist aus kújis nach kúgis `Heuhaufen' umgebildet);
abg. kovǫ (später ksl. kujǫ) kovati `schmieden' (= ahd. houwu), serb. kȕjēm (dial. kòvēm) kòvati `schmieden, prägen; (ein Pferd) beschlagen', ksl. kyjь `Hammer' (*kū-i̯o-), russ. kuznь `Schmiedearbeit', schwundstufig abg. kьznь `List' (`Ränke schmieden') usw.; toch. A ko-, В kau- `töten'.
References: WP. I 330 f., WH. I 186, 300 f., Trautmann 123.
Pages: 535
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 228
Proto: *kajV
English meaning: to touch, hit
German meaning: anrühren, treffen
Finnish: kajoa- 'anrühren, teilnehmen, sich befassen', dial. kajettu-, kaettu- id.
Estonian: kae-, kaje- (dial.) 'sehen, schauen, betrachten'
Saam (Lapp): gaggjo- -āj- (N) 'save, liberate', kādjō- (L) 'retten, erlösen', kāi̯jα- (Ko.) 'retten'
Khanty (Ostyak): kaj- (V) 'treffen', χoj- (DN) 'auf od. gegen etw. stoßen; treffen (die Flinte)', χaj- (O) 'treffen (Pfeil, Kugel, Flinte); gegen etw. stoßen'
Mansi (Vogul): kaj- (TJ), χōj- (KU), χɔ̄j- (So) 'treffen'
Addenda: Olon. kajo- '(an)sehen, (an)schauen'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-add,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ḳwex-
Russian meaning: сунуть, заполнить
English meaning: to put in, to fill up
Georgian: ḳvex-
Megrel: ḳvax-
Notes and references: EWK 201. [? К ностр. *ḳoja = *ḳojHa 'лежать, покоиться'].
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVWV
Meaning : kill
Afroasiatic : Omot., Cush. *ḳVw- kill, die
Sino-Caucasian : NC *ʔVḳ_wV kill
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,
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