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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *mV
Meaning: demonstr. pronoun
Altaic: ? Turk. *bu(-n)
References: ND 1510 *mu(wV) 'this, that'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 560
Proto: *mu
English meaning: other, ? this, that
German meaning: ander(er), ? dieser, jener
Finnish: muu 'anderer'
Estonian: muu 'anderer, sonstig'
Saam (Lapp): nub'be -bb- 'one (of two), other, second, next' (N), nubbē (L) 'der zweite, der eine, der andere', nuimpe (T), nuimp (Kld.), nuipp (Not.), nump (A)
Mari (Cheremis): molǝ̑ (KB), molo (U B) 'ein anderer, der andere'
Udmurt (Votyak): mi̮d (S), mǝ̑d (K) 'anderer, anderes', muket (S G) 'verschieden, anderer'
Komi (Zyrian): me̮d (S P), můd (PO) 'anderer, zweiter', muke̮d (S P), mukø.d (PO) 'anderer, irgendein'
Khanty (Ostyak): måki̮ (Trj.) 'früher, ehemals', măχa, mŏχa (Kaz.) 'früher' ?
Mansi (Vogul): mɛ̮̄t (TJ), māt (KU), mōt (P), mɔ̄t (So.) 'fremder, (KU) anderer', mē̮tǝŋś (P) 'auf eine andere Weise', māt (TJ), mōt (KU P), mɔ̄t (So.) 'zweiter, anderer'
Hungarian: más 'ander(er); Kopie', másik 'der andere', második 'der zweite', másol 'kopieren, (altung.) ändern', ? ma 'heute, (altung.) nun, jetzt', már 'schon, bereits', most 'jetzt, nun'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *ma-
Russian meaning: местоименная основа 3 л.
English meaning: 3rd person pronoun
Georgian: ma-
Megrel: mu-
Svan: ma-
Laz: mu-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 124, EWK 226. В ОСНЯ 2, 303 сопоставляется с урал. *mū / *mō 'другой', алт. *bu (*mu-n-) "этот", а также с ПИЕ *mo- (анат. *mo-, кельт. *ma- "этот"); ср. аналогично Бомхард 1996, 200. Климов (ibid.; 1969, 291) отмечает и кавказские параллели, ср. ПСК *mV "этот, тот" (NCED 842-843).
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : MV
Meaning : demonstr. pronoun
Afroasiatic : *mV (Sem. suff., Chad.)
Amerind (misc.) : *mo 'he / she; that' (R 365) [+ A]; *ma-n 'one' (R 532) [+ A] Reference : ND 1510; GE 93 *mo 'this'. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-reference,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *mV
Meaning: he, demonstr. stem
Comments and references : NSC 64 *mV. sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *mV
Meaning: a demonstrative pronoun (this,that)
Proto-West Caucasian: *mǝ- Notes: The vocalism is hard to reconstruct (because of morphological restructuring in daughter-languages). The root is represented widely enough to justify its reconstruction for PNC. See Trubetzkoy 1930, 274; Абдоков 1983, 139.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *mV
Meaning: a demonstrative stem
Tsezi: he-me-si
Comments: Preserved only in Tsez.(he-me-si 1st cl., he-me-ʎa 2-4th cl. 'that (far, invisible'), but having good external parallels.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: mu
Meaning: that (near to the listener)
Lak form: mu
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *mV
Meaning: demonstrative pronoun
Lezghian: a-m, i-m
Tabasaran: mu, du-mu
Agul: mi
Rutul: mi
Tsakhur: ma-n
Kryz: ä-m
Udi: me
Comment: A common demonstrative stem (mostly near deixis "this", but also a component of compound pronouns). Reconstruction of vocalism uncertain (as in many auxiliary morphemes). See Кахадзе 1973б, 41; Алексеев 1985, 75.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *mǝ-
Meaning: demonstrative pronoun
Adyghe: mǝ
Kabardian: mǝ
Comments: PAK *mǝ- 'this', *mǝ-wǝ- 'that'. Although Ub. and AT have lost this morpheme, it is obviously archaic and has good parallels in EC.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *mV
Meaning: demonstrative pronoun
Comments: Cf. also Bai mɨ3, Cuona mo.35, Manipuri ma-du.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 某
Modern (Beijing) reading: mǒu
Preclassic Old Chinese: mǝ̄ʔ
Classic Old Chinese: mǝ̄́
Western Han Chinese: mǝ̄́
Eastern Han Chinese: mǝ̄́
Early Postclassic Chinese: mṓw
Middle Postclassic Chinese: mǝ̄́w
Late Postclassic Chinese: mǝ̄́w
Middle Chinese: mʌ́w
English meaning : someone, so-and-so
Russian meaning[s]: 1) некий, некто, такой-то, Н-ский; 2) стар. я
Comments: For *m cf. Xiamen bɔ3, Chaozhou mou3, Fuzhou mu3, Jianou me3.
Radical: 75
Four-angle index: 5176
Karlgren code: 0948 a-b
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 769
Character: 某
MC description : 流開一上厚明
ZIHUI: 2673 1497
Beijing: mou 2
Jinan: mu 2
Xi'an: mu 2
Taiyuan: mu 2
Hankou: mou 2
Chengdu: moŋ 2
Yangzhou: mo 2
Suzhou: möy 11
Wenzhou: mo 22
Changsha: môu 2
Shuangfeng: mie 2
Nanchang: mɛu 2
Meixian: mɛu 11
Guangzhou: mau 22
Xiamen: bɔ 2
Chaozhou: mou 21
Fuzhou: meu 2 (lit.); mu 2
Shanghai: mô 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: mu 2
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *m[è]
Meaning: that
Sunwar: me-ko he, it, that
Tulung: mö, me, mi-
Kaling: mä-m that
Comments: Toba 97 *mäm.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,kiret-notes,
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Kulung dictionary :
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Entry: meksa
Grammar: adv.
Meaning: thither, towards there (on same plain, (from speaker)
Nepali: utā.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: mo
Grammar: demons.pron.
Meaning: a) that one, the one over there, that, yon; b) the one previously mentioned
Comments: mosäʔ; moeʔ ; mweʔ ergative; moji non-singular independent form; moha plural dependant form; mohaji plural independent form.
Nepali: u, unī, unīharū
yamet-prnum,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-comments,yamet-nepali,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *wV
Meaning: he, she
Ket: bū / bu, pl. būŋ
Yug: bu, pl. be:ŋ / bue:ŋ3
Kottish: bari (Ass.) (М., Сл., Кл.) "he"
Arin: au (М., Сл.) "he"
Comments: ССЕ 294. Ar. bu (Кл.) "he", bujeg (Срсл., Кл.) "they" are probably recordings of Yug forms. Werner 1, 146 <*bu>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-notes,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *mV
Meaning: same, equal
Austroasiatic meaning: equal, same
Miao-Yao parallels: *mV that
Proto-Thai: smao.A equal
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-myao,austr-tai,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *mǝ / *moh
Meaning: equal, same
Thai: smao.A equal
Proto-Bahnaric: CHR sǝmǝ < KMR ?
References: S-395
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-bah,aaet-kmr,aaet-mon,aaet-bib,
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Khmer etymology :
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Khmer: smaǝ
Meaning: equal, impartial
kmret-meaning,kmret-prnum,
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Monic etymology :
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Proto-Monic:
Meaning: equal, alike
Modern Mon: smah V?
Old Mon: smoh
References: S-395
monet-meaning,monet-prnum,monet-word,monet-om,monet-bib,
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