Change viewing parameters
Select another database
Nostratic etymology :
Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *[z]VrV
Meaning: cold
Comments: Expected *z- in Kartv.
References: ND 2120 *śVriχKa 'cold' (+ HEC); 2683 *ź/ʒ́[i]R.V 'be very cold' (same Ur. + Kartv. *źr-). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
Search within this database
Indo-European etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-IE: *srīg(')-
Meaning: frost, cold, to freeze
Old Greek: rhī̂gos n. `Frost, Kälte, Fieberschaer', pf. érrīga `friere, erstarre, schaudere', aor. rhīgē̂sai̯, ft. rhīgḗsō
Latin: frīgeō, -ēre, -xī `starr, kalt sein, frieren; matt, unwirksam sein, stocken', frīgus, -oris n. `Kälte, Frost, Schauer'
Russ. meaning: холод(ный), мерзнуть
piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
Search within this database
Pokorny's dictionary :
Search within this database
Number: 1867
Root: srīg-, srīgos-
English meaning: cold, frost
German meaning: `Kälte, Frost'
Material: Gr. ῥι̃γος n. `Frost', ῥῑγέω, Perf. m. Präs.-Bedeutung ἔρρῑγα `frieren, schaudern, erschauern'; ῥῑγώω `friere'; lat. frīgus, -oris n. (= gr. ῥι̃γος) `Kälte, Frost', frīgeō, -ēre `kalt sein, frieren, gefroren sein', frīgidus `kalt'.
References: WP. II 705 f.; nach WH. I 547, II 434, Tiefstufe von *(s)rēiĝ-, zu lat. rigeō `starre', rigor `Erstarrung (vor Kälte)', lit. réižtis `sich strecken' (anders oben S. 855, 862.)
Pages: 1004
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
Search within this database
Altaic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *saŕi
Meaning: to get cold, freeze
Russian meaning: замерзать
Comments: A Turk.-Mong. isogloss. In Kor. and Jpn. the reflex of this root may have merged with *sĭ́lgù q. v. (cf. PKE 175). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-reference,
Search within this database
Turkic etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Turkic: *sAŕak / *sArk-
Meaning: 1 to become numb 2 hoar-frost 3 cold wind
Russian meaning: 1 неметь, цепенеть 2 иней 3 холодный ветер
Karakhanid: sarq- 1, sarqɨm 2 (MK) Turkish: (dial.) sazaq, sazaɣan 3
Azerbaidzhan: sazaG 3
Khakassian: sarnax 3 (Kach.)
Tuva: sarɣɨ- 'to nag, feel pain'
Kazakh: sazar- 1
Noghai: sazar- 'to be bored'
Comments: EDT 848, 849. Лексика 42, 43. Despite EDT 847, the basic meaning is not "weak downward movement with no force behind it": in fact we have here a confusion of several originally different roots (see *sark- 'overflow, drip'; *sal- 'put down, lower', with the derivative *salk- which has influenced the meaning of *sark- in some languages). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-azb,turcet-hak,turcet-tuv,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-reference,
Search within this database
Mongolian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Mongolian: *ser-
Meaning: cool, fresh
Russian meaning: прохладный, свежий
Written Mongolian: serigün (L 691) Middle Mongolian: seri'un (HY 5), seri'ut- (SH) Khalkha: serǖn
Buriat: heŕūn
Kalmuck: serǖn
Ordos: serǖn
Shary-Yoghur: sörǖn
Monguor: sarin (SM 328), sarǝŋ Comments: KW 326, MGCD 601. Mong. *seriɣün 'fresh, cool' > Evk. serun, Man. serguwen etc. (see Doerfer MT 119, Rozycki 178); > Turk. serin, MTurk. serövün etc., see Лексика 16, ЭСТЯ 17; Yak. serīn, sörǖn, Dolg. herǖn, hörǖn (Kaɫ. MEJ 17, Stachowski 102). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,
Search within this database
Uralic etymology :
Search within this database
Number: 950
Proto: *śarV
English meaning: frozen snow, ice crust
German meaning: (gefrorener) Schnee, Eisrinde auf dem Schnee
Saam (Lapp): (čarava (L) 'so hart gefrorener Schnee, daß man darüber gehen kann' - rejected by Redei)
Komi (Zyrian): ćare̮m (S V), ćare̮.m (P), ća.røm (PO) 'harte Eisrinde auf dem Schnee', ćars (V) id.
Hungarian: szirony, szilony, szirogy, szilogy, sziroty, szityor, szürügy (dial.) 'nach dem Tauwetter gefrorene Oberfläche des Schnees; Rauhreif, Rauhfrost; breiiger Schnee'
Nenets (Yurak): sirra (O), hirrā (Nj.) 'Schnee; Winter'
Enets (Yen): siða (Ch.), sira (B) 'Schnee'
Nganasan (Tawgi): siru 'Schnee; Winter'
Selkup: sîr (Ta. B), sêr, ser (Ke.), hêr (N), si̮re (TaM) 'Schnee'
Kamass: sǝre 'Schnee, Schneefall'
Addenda: Koib. sirrä; Mot. sirrä; Karag. sira; Taig. sirrä
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-kom,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-add,
Search within this database
Kartvelian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Kartvelian: *źr-
Russian meaning: сыpеть, меpзнуть
English meaning: to get damp, to freeze
Georgian: zr-
Georgian meaning (Rus.): моpозить
Georgian meaning (Engl.): to freeze (tr.)
Svan: mǝ-žir-
Svan meaning (Rus.): сыpой, отсыpевший
Svan meaning (Eng.): damp
Notes and references: Кл
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-grmean,kartet-egrmean,kartet-sva,kartet-svmean,kartet-esvmean,kartet-notes,
Search within this database
Long-range etymologies :
Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : CVRV
Meaning : cold
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,
Search within this database
Sino-Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *źăwrV
Meaning: ice, frost
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-yen,
Search within this database
North Caucasian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *źăwrV
Meaning: ice
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *zari Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Labialised vowel in Lezg. and Lak. makes us reconstruct a cluster with *-w- in Inlaut.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
Search within this database
Avar-Andian etymology :
Search within this database
Protoform: *zari
Meaning: ice, hail
Andian language: zar
Akhvakh: žari
Chamalal: zā
Tindi: zari
Karata: zare
Botlikh: zari
Bagvalal: zar
Godoberi: zari
Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. zari. In Akhv. the same root served as a basis for the noun and adjective "cold": *zar-ʎʷi / *zar-hʷi > North. Akhv. žaho, žahu-dabe, Tseg. žoʎer, žoʎa-b, Tlan. žʷarʎer, žʷarʎa-b, Ratl. žaʎʷer, žaʎu-dab.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
Search within this database
Tsezian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Tsezian: *ž:ara
Meaning: 1 ice 2 to get cold
Bezhta: za-ʎ- (Khosh.) 2
Gunzib: žara 1
Comments: PGB *žar(a). Bezht. za-ʎ- ( < *ž:ar-ʎ- with an auxiliary verbal morpheme -ʎ-). The Bezht. root is superficially close to Andian forms like Tind. saʎ- 'to get cold' ( < PA *soʔ-ʎ-), but the correspondence PA *s- : PTs *z:- (or *ž:-) is irregular.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
Search within this database
Lak etymology :
Search within this database
Lak root: zuru-q:aIni
Meaning: icicle
Lak form: zuru-q:aIni
Comments: The meaning and origin of the component -q:aIni is not clear.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
Search within this database
Lezghian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Lezghian: *c:or
Meaning: glazed frost
Lezghian: c:ur
Comment: An isolated Lezg. word, but having good external parallels.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-comment,
Search within this database
Yenisseian etymology :
Search within this database
Proto-Yenisseian: *ǯVr1- (~-l)
Meaning: cold, frost
Kottish: čal, pl. čálaŋ "cold (n., adj.)"; čolt́ü (Бол.) "cold (n.)"; čolt́üi (Бол.) "cold (n.)"; čiltu (Бол.) "coldly"; Ass. (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл.) čalá "cold", (Кл.) čaltu id.
Arin: sóloŋa (М., Сл., Кл., Срсл.) "cold (n.)"; šiltu (Лоск.) id.; solma (Лоск.) id.; šilt[ü] (Лоск.) "coldly"
Comments: ССЕ 311. Werner 1, 162 <*t'al>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-notes,
Search within this database
Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generated | Pages generated by this script | 539469 | 3227573 |
| Help
|
StarLing database server | Powered by | CGI scripts | Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin | ![](/images/harbour-button.gif) | Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov |
|