Nostratic etymology : List with all references

Comments: KW 420, 424, Poppe 26, JOAL 99. Korean has a frequent vowel reduction between a stop and a fricative. Mong. is hardly borrowed from Turk., despite Щербак 1997, 112 (TMN 3, 82: "Onomatopoetica").

altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *č(i)ak-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to strike fire 2 flint, fire steel

Russian meaning: 1 высекать огонь 2 кремень, огниво

Old Turkic: čaq- (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: čaq- (MK) 1

Turkish: čak- 1

Tatar: čaq- 1

Middle Turkic: čaq- (Sangl.) 1

Uzbek: čaq- 1

Uighur: čaqmaq-taš 2

Sary-Yughur: ča'q- 1

Azerbaidzhan: čax- 1

Turkmen: čaq- 1

Khakassian: sax- 1

Shor: šaɣɨn 'spark'

Oyrat: čaq- 1

Halaj: čaqmaq 2

Yakut: sax- 1

Tuva: šaq- 1

Tofalar: ča'q- 1

Kirghiz: čaq- 1

Noghai: šaqpa 2

Bashkir: saɣ-/saq- 1

Balkar: čaɣ-/čaq- 'to produce sparks, shoot from a flint gun'

Gagauz: čaq- 1

Karaim: čaq- 1

Karakalpak: šaq- 1

Kumyk: čaq- 'to pull the trigger', čaqma 2

Comments: VEWT 95, TMN 3, 80-81, Лексика 373. Kypch. > Chuv. čakma 'fire steel', whence > Mari, Udm. (Федотов 2, 387). The verb is usually regarded as one of the meanings of *čak- 'hit, strike', but the semantics 'strike fire' is attested quite early and allows to use the Turkic material in the Altaic comparison.

turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *čaki-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to strike fire

Russian meaning: высекать огонь

Written Mongolian: čaki-, čakil- (L 161)

Middle Mongolian: čaqi- (MA)

Khalkha: caxi-, caxila-

Buriat: saxil-

Kalmuck: cak-, cakḷ-, cäkḷ-

Ordos: ǯakil- 'to scintillate, glare, lighten'

Dagur: čakil- (Тод. Даг. 180 čakilgān 'lightning')

Mogol: ZM čaqeldour (19-5b) 'moonshine'

Comments: KW 420, 424. Mong. > Evk. čakêlga, see Doerfer MT 126.

monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-mogh,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *či(K)u- ( ~ -e-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: fire steel

Russian meaning: кресало, огниво

Ulcha: čiu(n)

Orok: ču

Nanai: čiũ

Udighe: cui (arch.) (Корм. 311)

Comments: ТМС 2, 400.

tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,

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Korean etymology :

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Proto-Korean: *čhắ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: flint, silicon

Russian meaning: кремень, кремний

Modern Korean: čhadol

Middle Korean: čhắ-tòr

Comments: Liu 690, KED 1562.

koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *ták-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to burn, put on fire

Russian meaning: жечь, зажигать

Old Japanese: tak-

Middle Japanese: ták-

Tokyo: tàk-

Kyoto: ták-

Kagoshima: ták-

Comments: JLTT 762.

japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,

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Uralic etymology :

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Number: 1602

Proto: *śäke

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: tinder

German meaning: Zunder

Finnish: säen (gen. säkenen), säkene (gen. säkeneen), dial. säe, säkenä 'Funke'

Mordovian: śejme, śeme, śem, śejim, śeje (E), śäjam, śijam (M) 'Zunder'

Addenda: Karj. säen, säe

uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-mrd,uralet-add,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : CVKV

Meaning : fire, to strike fire

Eurasiatic : *cVḳV ( ~ *č-)

Amerind (misc.) : *cik 'fire' (R 263) [+ A K] (cf. also *cuqal 'warm' R 818) [+ A]

globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-amer,

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