Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ʔVmbV

Meaning: big, whole

Altaic: *ámbe

Uralic: *umpe 'whole, complete'

Eskimo-Aleut: *amǝ-

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ámbe

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: heavy, big

Russian meaning: тяжелый, большой

Mongolian: *amban

Tungus-Manchu: *amba-

Korean: *mɨ̀-

Japanese: *ǝ́m(p)ǝ́-

Comments: Martin 233, АПиПЯЯ 103, 277. Kor. has lost the initial vowel, as in many other cases (*mɨ̀- < *ǝ̀mɨ̀-). Rozycki 17 supposes Man. > Mong. which is not excluded.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *amban

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: big, large, heavy; minister, official

Russian meaning: большой, тяжелый

Written Mongolian: amban (L 36)

Khalkha: amban

Buriat: amba

Kalmuck: ambṇ

Monguor: amba 'dignitaire, légat, ambassadeur' (SM 6)

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *amba-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 big 2 many 3 very

Russian meaning: 1 большой 2 много 3 очень

Spoken Manchu: amǝ 'big, large' (2398)

Literary Manchu: amba 1

Jurchen: amban (amban-an) (668) 1, amban-lar (724) 2

Ulcha: amba(n) 1, 3

Orok: ambaramǯị 3

Nanai: amba(n) 1

Oroch: amba 3

Comments: ТМС 1, 36-37. The relation of Neg. amban, Oroch, Ud. amba, Ul., Orok amba(n), Nan. ambã 'evil spirit' is not quite clear.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *mɨ̀-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: heavy

Russian meaning: тяжелый

Modern Korean: mugǝp- (mugǝw-)

Middle Korean: mɨ̀-kǝ́p- (mɨ̀-kǝ́w-)

Comments: Nam 225, KED 652.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *ǝ́m(p)ǝ́-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: heavy

Russian meaning: тяжелый

Old Japanese: om(w)o-

Middle Japanese: ómó-

Tokyo: òmo-

Kyoto: ómó-

Kagoshima: ómo-

Nase: ùbù-

Shuri: ʔm̀bú-

Hateruma: ń-sà-

Yonakuni: ín-sá-

Comments: JLTT 838.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1685

Proto: *umpe

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: closed; closed state [rather: *'whole, complete']

German meaning: geschlossen, verschlossen; verschlossener Zustand

Finnish: umpi: ummessa silmin, silmät ummessa 'mit geschlossenen Augen', tie on ummessa 'der Weg ist verschneit'

Estonian: umbe 'verschlossen, verstopft, unzugänglich, nicht klar, trüb', umb, umbes 'ganz, durchaus, über und über'

Saam (Lapp): obbâ ~ obâ ~ oabâ (N) 'whole, in its entirety, all; only, rather, pretty', åbbå (L) 'recht, ziemlich; überhaupt, gar nicht; recht groß', omp (Kld. A), ōpp (Not.) 'geschlossen, ganz', ompi̊ 'ganz und gar'

Udmurt (Votyak): o^.be 'vollends'

Komi (Zyrian): ob (Ud.) 'heftiges Schneegestöber', ob- 'verwehen, verschneien' ?

Selkup: (omba, ombeä 'sehr' - rejected by Redei)

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *amǝ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: many, much

Russian meaning: много

Proto-Yupik: *amǝ- (-lǝ-, -tV-)

Proto-Inupik: *ami- (-lʁa-, -tu-)

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 22, 23

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *amǝ- (-lǝ-, -tV-)

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: frequent, perpetual 1, many, much 2

Russian Meaning: часто, беспрестанно 1, много 2

Sirenik: ama 'and, also', amtuɣǝŋ, //amsǝpiɣ-, amtǝvaɫaχ [Men.] 2, //amtǝjaɣǝcǝχ 'big', amtupixtǝɣaʁ- 'to become much or many'

Chaplino: amáxwa, āmta 'also', ~ amá 'eventually'

Naukan: amáɫi 'eventually, it should be'

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: amlǝʁ-, amlǝχtǝ- 2

Chugach (AAY): amlǝχqat, PWS amɫǝʁ- , KP amlǝʁ- 2

Koniag (AAY): amlǝsqat, amlǝʁ- 2

Chugach (Birket-Smith): amǝlaʁqait 2

Central Alaskan Yupik: amɫǝq, amɫǝʁ- 2

Nunivak (Peripheral): ämiɫiɫaʁit* 1, 2

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 22, 23

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *ämi- (-lʁạ-, -tu-)

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: many 1, to increase in numbers 2, insuffcient 3

Russian meaning: много 1, увеличеваться в численость 2, недостатачный 3

Seward Peninsula Inupik: amisut 1 [Jen.]

SPI Dialects: Imaq amaʁla- 1, amiɣanɨq neg. 'small part of sth.', amiɣaluɣu neg. 'a little', W ämalʁato(w)aq*, ämijeto(w)aq* 1, KI ämiɫʁat*, ämiɫʁaʁtut* pl. 1

North Alaskan Inupik: amizʁaq- 1, amiɣaq- neg. 3

NAI Dialects: B ämiʎʁąt* pl., ämicut* pl. 1, Ingl ämiʎʎaʁąt* pl. 1, Qaw amajaqtūrau- neg. 'few'

Western Canadian Inupik: amit- 2 [Schn.]

WCI Dialects: Cor ämiʎʁąt* pl., ämix́un* 1, Cop amihut 1, Net, amihut, amilʁaq- 1 [Ras.], Car amihut 1, amilʁait 'very numerous', Perry River amilli- 2 [Pryde], Cop amiɣaqneg. 3, amiɣaiq- neg.-neg. 'numerous, multiply' [Pryde], Cop, Net, Car amilʁat 'herd of caribou'

Eastern Canadian Inupik: amisut 1, amiɣaʁi- neg. 'to have a shortage of'

Greenlandic Inupik: amiʁɫa- (amerdláput*) 1, amisut (amisut*) 'pod of seals or white whales', amiɣaʁ- neg. 3

GRI Dialects: NG amihūssihut 'group of seals at hole in ice'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 22, 23

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