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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *bolV
Meaning: leaf
References: МССНЯ 347, ОСНЯ 1, 181-182, ND 201 *baL(h)V (Drav. differently). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *bhol-; *bhlē-dh-; *bhlō(w)-
Meaning: leaf; (to) flower
Tokharian: A pält, B pilta (PT *pältā) 'leaf, petal' (Adams 388)
Old Greek: phǘllo-n n. `Blatt'; blastánō, aor. blastẹ̄̂n `keimen, sprossen', blastó-s m. `Keim, Spross, Stengel', blástǟ f. `id.; Ursprung, Geburt'
Latin: folium, -ī n. `Blatt (der Pflanze)'; flōs, -ōris m. `Blume, Blüte, Blütezeit; das Beste bzw. Oberste einer Sache; Jungfräulichkeit, Jugendkraft'; Flōra f.
Other Italic: Osk Fluusaí `Florae', Fiuusasiaís (i für l ?) `Florabilis', Sabin Flusare `Florali'
Celtic: *beli̯o-m: Gael bile `Blättchen, Blüte'; *blāt- > MIr blāth `Blüte, Blume'; Cymr blawd `Blüte', OCorn blodon `Blüte', MBret bleuzven `Blüte', Bret bleuñ(v)enn `Blüte'
Russ. meaning: лист; цветок, цвеcти
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-ital,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *blōma-n, *blōmōn, -ēn, *blōsm=, *blōwan- vb., *blōdi- etc.; *blēd=; *blada-n
Meaning: flower, leaf
Gothic: *blōma m. (n) `flower'
Old Norse: blōmi m. `Blume', blōm n. `Blume'; blōma wk. `blühen'; blaδ n. `Blatt, Klinge'
Norwegian: blom; blome; blad
Swedish: blomma sbs.; blad
Danish: blomme sbs.; blad
Old English: blōstma, blōsma, blōstm `Blume'; blōwan `blühen'; blēd f. `Spross, Zweig, Blume, Frucht'; blǟd m., f. `Schössling, Blume, Frucht, Ernte, Reichtum'; bläd `Blatt'
English: blossom; blade; blow
Old Frisian: blōia vb.; bled-
Old Saxon: blōmo m.; blōjan; blad
Middle Dutch: bloeme, blomme f.; bloesem; bloeyen, blōyen; blat, pl. blader, bladere, blade
Dutch: bloem f.; bloesem m; bloeien; blad n.
Old Franconian: blōion
Middle Low German: blȫen, blȫyen vb.; blōme f.; bloesem, blossem; blat
Old High German: bluomo m. (8.Jh.), blouoma f. (9.Jh.) `Blume'; { bluojan }, bluoen(8.Jh.) {, bluowen } `blühen'; bluot f. (9.Jh.), bluot m. (11.Jh.) `das Blühen, Blüte'; bluomōn vb.; blāt `Blüte'; blǖde (Hs. 12.Jh., Williram); blat (8.Jh.)
Middle High German: bluot st. m., f., blüete st. f. 'blüte'; bluome wk. m., f. 'blume, blüte'; bluost st. f. `blüte'; bluomen wk. 'blumen treiben, blühe'; blüejen, blüegen, blüewen, blüen wk. intr. 'blühen', tr. 'als blüte tragen, blühen machen'; blat st. n. 'blatt, laub'
German: { Blust }, Blume f., Blüte f., blühen; Blatt n.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 217
Root: bhel-4 und bhlē-, bhlō-, bhlǝ-
English meaning: leaf; bloom
German meaning: `Blatt, Blüte, blühen; üppig sprießen'
General comments: wohl aus bhel- `schwellen' im Sinne von `pflanzlicher Üppigkeit' und `Schwellung = Knospe'
Material: Gr. φύλλον `Blatt' (*bhul̥i̯om), lat. folium ds.; mir. bileóc `Blättchen' (aus *bile < *bheli̯o-); hierzu wohl air. bile n. `Baum'; bhlē-, meist bhlō- in: lat. flōs, -ris m. `Blume'; flōreō, -ēre `blühen'; osk. Fluusaí `Flōrae', Fluusasiaís `Flōrālibus', sabin. Flusare `Flōrāli'.
Mir. blāth m. `Blüte, Blume', cymr. blawd, acorn. blodon `Blüte' (*bhlō-t-), mbret. (mit -men-Suffix) bleuzven, nbret. bleun̄(v)enn ds., mit s-Ableitung mhd. bluost `Blüte', nhd. Blust, ags. blōstma, blōsma, blōstm `Blume', an. blōmstr ds., ndl. blōsen `blühen' (= mnd. blōsen `erröten', s. u. bhles- `glänzen');
got. blōma m., ahd. bluomo m. `Blume', aisl. blomi m. ds., blōm Kollektiv `Blume';
ahd. bluojen, bluowen, as. blōjan, ags. blōwan `blühen'; ahd. bluot f. `das Blühen, Blüte' = ags. blēd f. `Sproß, Zweig, Blume, Frucht'; aber got. blōþ n., aisl. blōð, as. ags. blōd, ahd. bluot `Blut' wohl zu *bhelē- `sprudeln'.
Mit ē: ags. blǣd m. `Hauch', n. `Blase', f. `Blüte', ahd. blāt `Blüte' (vgl. auch ags. blǣd, ahd. blāt `Leben, Hauch' und bhel- `aufblasen');
mit ǝ: ahd. blat, as. blad, ags. blæd, aisl. blað n. `Blatt'; toch. A. pält ds.
References: WP. II 176 f., WH. I 518 f., Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 351.
Pages: 122
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *bal-
Russian meaning: лист
English meaning: leaf
Svan: bale
Notes and references: В МССHЯ 347 данный корень сравнивается с ПИЕ *bhel- 'лист, цвести', драв. *polV 'цвести, созревать'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-sva,kartet-notes,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *vIḷ-aj-
Meaning : to thrive; to grow
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *vIḷ-ai-
Meaning : to produce; to ripen; crop
Tamil : viḷai (-v-, -nt-)
Tamil meaning : to be produced, be productive, result, mature, ripen (as grain), occur
Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to raise, cause to grow, produce, bring into being; n. growth, ripening, produce, crop, yield; viḷaiccal produce, crop, yield, ripening grain, growth, ripening; viḷaiyuḷ produce, crop, maturing; viḷaivi (-pp-, -tt-) to cause to grow, cultivate; viḷaivu growth, ripening, maturity, produce, crop, yield; viḷar fertility
Malayalam : viḷa
Malayalam meaning : vegetation, crop of corn growing
Malayalam derivates : viḷayuka to grow, grow ripe, grow richly or to perfection, produce; viḷayikka to cause to grow, cultivate; viḷaccal produce of corn, etc., corn grown ripe; viḷavu id., perfection
Kannada : beḷe
Kannada meaning : to grow as corn, grass, or trees, increase; bear a crop; n. growing, growth, produce, crop, standing corn, what is to grow, seed, seedlings
Kannada derivates : beḷayisu, beḷasu, beḷeyisu, beḷesu to cause to grow, increase, raise (crop), bring to maturity, rear, foster; beḷeyuvike growing; beḷasu growth, increase, crop of standing corn
Kodagu : boḷe- (boḷev-, boḷand-)
Kodagu meaning : to become full-grown (people, animals, fruit)
Kodagu derivates : boḷat- (boḷati-) to grow (tr.; plants); boḷe crop
Tulu : bulè, buḷè
Tulu meaning : standing, growing corn, crop
Tulu derivates : buleti, buḷeti full-grown, ripe; bulepini, buḷepini, buḷepuni, buḷeyuni, buḷevuni, boḷepuni to grow, ripen, be ripe; buḷepuḍuni, buḷepāvuni to make grow, rear, raise as a crop, etc.; boḷaccelụ ripening
Miscellaneous : KOR (O) boli to grow; bole crop
Number in DED : 5437
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-misc,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *vIḷ-äv-
Meaning : to grow fat
Kota : veḷv- (veḷd-) "to grow, become fat, (grain) ripens"
Toda : peɫ̣- (peɫ̣ɵ-) "(food plants) grow, (persons) grow fat"
Additional forms : Also Kota veḷv- (veḷt-) to cause to grow; veḷ crop; Toda peɫ̣- (peɫ̣t-) to grow (tr.); peḷ, peɫ̣ crop
Notes : Deriv. *veḷ-ä 'crop'.
Number in DED : 5437
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *vel-aj-
Meaning : to thrive, prevail
Telugu (Krishnamurti) : velayu
Additional forms : Also belayu 'to spread', (K also) 'to increase'
Notes : The form with b- probably borrowed from Kannada.
Number in DED : 5437
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_kr,telet-addition,telet-notes,telet-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *pǝɫu-
Meaning: leaf
Russian meaning: лист
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 255
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *pǝɫu-
Meaning: leaf
Russian Meaning: лист
Chaplino: pǝɫúmǝχtaq (t) 'dish of shredded sour greens with grease or deer fat'
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: pǝɫuq
Chugach (Birket-Smith): pɫūt pl. 'polypody'
Central Alaskan Yupik: pǝɫukutaq, pǝɫuqutaq 'leaf of coltsfoot plant'
Nunivak (Peripheral): pǝɫuqutaq
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 255
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-chap,yupet-aay,yupet-chgm,yupet-cay,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *pIlu-
Meaning: leaf 1, bilberry shrub 2
Russian meaning: лист 1, куст черники 2
WCI Dialects: Car piluqut [Ras.] 1
Greenlandic Inupik: pilu 1, piluqut 2
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 255
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-wcis,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVLV
Meaning : leaf
Reference : ND 201 (in SH confused with *ball- 'feather'). globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-reference,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʕabVl-
Meaning: leaf, grass
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,afaset-lec,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 749
Proto-Semitic: *ʕVbil-
Meaning: 'fall (of leaves)'
Arabic: ʕbl [-i-]
Notes: Denominative verb
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,semet-notes,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *bul-
Meaning: 'flower' 1, 'grass' 2
Dera=Kanakuru: bǝ́lài 1 [NmK]
Kulere: bùl 2 ??? not in JgR
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-der,wchet-klr,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *HVbul-
Meaning: 'leaf'
Dghwede=Zǝɣwana: ḅule [KrN 133]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-dgh,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *bVl-
Meaning: 'flower'
Kwang: bǝ̄lé [CLR: 146]
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-kwn,
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Low East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-Low East Cushitic: *baHal-
Meaning: 'leaf'
Oromo (Galla): baala
Arbore: baal
Notes: Metathesis and assimilation of vowels
lecet-prnum,lecet-meaning,lecet-oro,lecet-arb,lecet-notes,
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