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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *gunV
Meaning: hack
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *gʷhen-
Meaning: to hit, to drive
Hittite: kwen- (I) 'schlagen; erschlagen, töten', Lyd. qãn- / qẽn- (Tischler 604 f)
Old Indian: hanti, hanati, 3 pl. ghnanti `to strike, beat, smite, hit, kill', pf. jaghā́na, ptc. hatá-, inf. hántum; (in comp.) -han-, gen. -ghn-aḥ `killer, slayer'; ghaná- `striking, destroying, m. `club, mace'; OInd saṃ-há-t f. `layer, pile', hati- f. `striking, stroke, blow', hatyā́ f., hatya- n. `killing, slaughter', hántár- `slaying, killing'; ghāta- `killing', m. `blow, slaying, killing', ghātayati `to kill'
Avestan: ǰainti `er schlägt, trifft, tötet', 1 sg. med. ni-ɣne `ich schlage nieder'; ǰana- `schlagend', ǰantar- `der schlägt, tötet', ǰanti- f. `das Schlagen, Erschlagen', -ǰaiti- `das Schlagen'
Other Iranian: OPers aǰanam `ich besiegte'
Armenian: gan, gen. gani `Schläge, Prügel', ganem `schlage, prügle'; ǰin `Stock'; ǰnem `ich schlage', ǰnǰem `töte'
Old Greek: théi̯nō, aor. éthẹ̄na; épephnon; apepéphato = apéthanen (Hsch.); thenẹ̄̂n, thẹ̄̂nas; pf. ps. péphatai̯, inf. pephásthai̯, va. -phato- `schlagen; totschlagen, töten'; phóno-s m. `Totschlag', pl. phonái̯ 'carnage; blood shed by slying' (phonǟ́ sg. Suid. only); andro-phóno- `Männer mordend' etc.
Latin: dēfendō, -ere, -dī, -sum `abwehren', offendō, -ere, -dī, -sum `anstossen, anschlagen'; īnfēnsus, -a `feindselich, erbittert'
Celtic: OIr gonim `verwunde, töte', pf. gegon, 3 sg. geguin; guin `Wunde'; benim `schlage'
Albanian: ǵan `ich jage, verfolge'
Russ. meaning: бить, погонять
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: гнать,
Near etymology: гоню́, укр. гна́ти, 1 л. ед. ч. жену́, др.-русск. гънати, 1 л. ед. ч. жену, ст.-слав.гънати, женѫ ἐλαύνω (Супр.), сербохорв. гна̏ти, же̏не̑м, чеш. hnáti, ženu, слвц. hnat', польск. gnać, в.-луж. hnać, н.-луж. gnaś.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. genù, giñti "гнать", ginù, gìnti, лтш. dzęnu, dzìt "защищать", др.-прусск. guntwei "гнать", gunnimai "мы гоним", далее, др.-инд. hánti "бьет", авест. ǰainti, греч. θείνω "бью, рублю", алб. gjanj "гоню", ирл. gonim "раню", арм. gan "удары, побои", греч. φόνος "убийство", др.-исл. gandr м. "тонкая палка", gunnr, guðr ж. "борьба"; см. Траутман, BSW 85; М. -- Э. 1, 558; Френкель, IF 51, 142; Мейе -- Вайан 21. Об алб. gjanj "гоню", gjah "охота", которые Г. Майер (Alb. Stud. З, 7) относит сюда же; см. Педерсен, KZ 36, 330 и сл.; Барич, Alb. Stud. 1,71 и сл.; Торп 124. Ст.-слав. прич. гънанъ Зубатый (LF 28, 27 и сл.) сравнивает с др.-инд. (ā)ghnānás "сражающийся", авест. avaɣnāna- "убийца". Не требуется разделять женѫ и гънати и сравнивать последнее с лит. gáunu "получаю"; ср. Ильинский, Jagić-Festschrift 296 и сл.; РФВ 78, 189; см. Траутман, там же и стр. 101.
Pages: 1,419
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *giñ- (*gen-a-) vb., *gin̂- (*gin-a-) vb., *gen-ē̂- vb., *gan-j-aw-ā̂ f., *pa=gan-ā̂ f., *gun-ī̂- vb., *gun̂-d-ī̂-, -in̂- vb., *gan-a- m., *gān-ia- m.
Meaning: drive
Lithuanian: giñti (gẽna, gẽnē) `jagen, treiben (das Vieh auf die Weide)', gìnti (gìna, gī́nē) 'wehren, verteidigen', genḗti `Baum ästeln, die Äste abhauen', gãniava 'Futter, Weide(platz)', paganà 'Hüten, Weiden, Viehhütung', gùnīti 'verscheuchen', gùndīti, gùndinti 'versuchen, verleiten, verführen', ganī́ti 'weiden, hüten'; naktì-gōni-s `während der Nacht die Pferde bewachender Hirt'
Lettish: dzìt, dial. dzĩt (dzęnu, dzinu) 'treiben, jagen; verfolgen, wegschaffen', dzenêt (-ēju) 'ästeln, Äste abhauen, abhacken, abkappen', gans `Hirt', ganît (-u, -ĩju) 'hüten, weiden', gundît 'zum Bösen anreizen'
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *gúnɵi-z, *gundí-; *gúnɵiō; *gandá-z; *gan[ō]n-
Meaning: battle
Gothic: Burg *gunɵ-s in PN
Old Norse: gunn-r, guδ-r f. `Kampf'; gandr `Stock'
Norwegian: dial. gana `die Äste an Bäumen abhauen'
Old English: gūɵ `Kampf, Schlacht'
Old Saxon: gūdea `Kampf, Schlacht'
Old High German: gund-fano `Kriegsfahne'
German: bair. gunten `eine Art Keil'
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 753
Root: gʷhen-2(ǝ)-
English meaning: to hit
German meaning: `schlagen'
Material: Nominalbildungen: gʷhóno-s `Schlagen', gʷhn̥-tó-s `geschlagen', gʷhn̥-tí-s und gʷhn̥-ti̯ā (?) `Schlagen', gʷhen-tel- `Schläger', gʷhen-tu̯o-s `occidendus'. Ai. hán-ti (jünger thematisch hanati) `schlägt, trifft, erschlägt, tötet', 3. Pl. ghn-ánti, Imp. ja-hí, Opt. han-yāt, ghn-īta, Perf. jaghána; jaghanvā́s, Gen. jaghn-úṣ-aḥ, Pass. hanyáte, Partiz. hatá- `geschlagen, getötet' (= av. jata-, gr. -φατος), hántva-ḥ `zu schlagen, zu töten' (: av. jąɵwa-, aksl. žętva), vr̥tra-hán-, Gen. -ghn-áḥ (= av. vǝrǝɵra-jan-, Gen. -ɣ-nō) `den Widerstand niederschlagend', ghaná- `erschlagend, m. Knüttel, Keule' (= gr. ἀνδρο-φόνος, lett.gans), saṃ-há-t `Schicht', hatí-ḥ `das Schlagen, Schlag, Multiplikation' (: gr. διφάσι-ος, av.-jaiti-, anord. guðr, gunnr), hatyā́ (spät!) `Tötung' (: ahd. gundea, lit. dial. ginčià), hantár- `wer einen schlägt oder tötet' (= aksl. žęteljь); von der schweren Basis ai. hanitum (spät!) und ghāta- `tötend', m. `Schlag, Tötung, Vernichtung', ghātayati `tötet';
av. jain-ti (= ai. hánti-) `er schlägt, trifft, tötet', Imp. jaiδi, 1. Sg. Med. ni-ɣne `ich schlage nieder', Opt. paiti-ɣnīta (= ai. ghnīta) `er möchte kämpfen um', Partiz. jata- (= ai.hatá-, s. oben), jąɵwa- `occidendus', Partiz. Perf. Akt. jaɣnvā̊, npers. ajanam `ich erschlug = besiegte', 3. Sg. aja(n); av. jana- `schlagend', jantar- `der schlägt, tötet', janti- f. `das Schlagen, Erschlagen', -jaiti- (als 2. Kompos.-Glied) `das Schlagen' (= ai. hati-); Vǝrǝɵrajan- `den Widerstand niederschlagend' = ai. Vr̥tra-han-;
arm. gan, Gen. gani (*gʷhe-n) `Schläge, Prügel', ganem `schlage, prügle', jin `Stock' (*gʷhen-), jnem `ich schlage' (über *jinem aus *gʷhenō = hánati, lit. genù, aksl. ženǫ), jnjem `vernichte, reinige' (aus *gʷheni̯ō = θείνω, lit. geniù);
gr. θείνω (*gʷhen-i̯ō = arm. jnjem `töte', alb. gjanj `jage', lit. geniù `ästle ab') `schlage', θενω̃, ἔθεινα; redupl. ἔπεφνον `tötete', πέφαται; -φατός in hom. ἀρηί-φατος (= ai. hatá-ḥ), auch in δίφατον διφάσιον Hes. d. i. `doppelt' (`Mal' = `Schlag', ebenso:) δι-φάσι-ος (: ai. hatí- s .oben); φόνος `Mord' (= russ. gon), φονή ds., φονεύς `Mörder', ἀνδροφόνος `Männer mordend' (s. auch Boisacq unter φοινός);
alb. gjanj `jage, verfolge' (*gʷheni̯ō);
lat. dēfendō, -ere `abwehren, verteidigen', offendere `anstoßen, beleidigen', infensus (Partiz. eines *infendō) `feindlich';
air. gonim `verwunde, töte', Perf. 1. Sg. gegon, 3. Sg. geguin; guin `Wunde';
anord. guðr, gunnr f. (= ai. hati-), as. gūðea, ags. gūþ (*gunþjō = ai. hatyā́ bis auf den Akzent) `Kampf, Schlacht', ahd. gund-fano `Kriegsfahne'; anord. gandr `Stock', schweiz. gunten `eine Art Keil'; norw. dial. gana `die Äste an Bäumen abhauen' wie lit. genė́ti;
lit. genù (= aksl. ženǫ, ai. hánati, arm. jnem) giñti `treibe (Vieh auf die Weide)', lett. dzenu-, dzìt ds., schwere Basis: geniù (= θείνω) genė́-ti `abästeln' und ginù, gìnti `wehren, schützen' (giñti : gìnti, giñtas : gìntas = ai. hatá : ghātá-); zu genù Iterat. ganýti `Vieh (treiben =) hüten, weiden'; lit. gãnas, let. gans `Hirt' (= ai. ghaná-), gani m. Pl. `Weide', dehnstufig lit. naktì-gonis m. `Nachtschwärmer'; lit. genỹs, lett. dzenis `Specht', lit. dial. ginčià (= ai. hatyā́), giñčas `Streit', giñklas m. `Waffe' (*gintlas, vgl. aksl. žęlo aus *gindla-), išganùs `heilbringend' (lit. gáinioti ist Iterativum zu giñti; lett. dzenis `das in der Gabel der Pflugschar eingeklemmte Holz', dzenulis `Stachel' (vgl. zur Bed. unten aksl. žęlo `Stachel');
aksl. ženǫ, gъnati `treiben' (wie lit. genù), Iter. gonjǫ, goniti `treiben, jagen', wovon wieder poganjati `verfolgen'; russ. usw. gon `Treiben, Jagd' (= φόνος), čech. úhona `Verletzung, Schaden', serb. prijègon `Kampf' (dazu vielleicht klr. honóba `Belästigung, Plage', sloven. gonóba `Schaden, Verderben', ugonóba `Vernichtung, Untergang');
aksl. žьnjǫ, žęti (serb. žȅti, also schwere Basis) `ernten', žętva (serb. žȅtva) f. `Ernte' ( : ai. hántva-); auch žęlo (*žędlo) n. `Stachel', poln. žądɫo ds., russ. žáɫo `Stachel, Schneide eines Messers, einer Axt'; slav. *gen-tel- m. `Schnitter' in aksl. žęteljь (= ai. han-tár `wer schlägt, tötet');
hitt. ku-en-zi `tötet' (= ai. hánti), 3. Pl. ku-na-an-zi (kunanzi); vgl. ai. ghnánti (*gʷhn-enti).
References: WP. I 679 ff., WH. I 332 f., Trautmann 85 f.
Pages: 491-493
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *guna
Meaning: to rob, attack, torture
Russian meaning: грабить, нападать, мучить
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Kun-
Meaning: to rob, plunder, attack
Russian meaning: грабить, нападать
Old Turkic: qun- (OUygh.)
Sary-Yughur: q`un-
Turkmen: Gunuš- (dial.)
Tuva: xunā-
Kirghiz: qun-
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *gani
Meaning: 1 berserk, frenzied 2 to strive, endeavor
Russian meaning: 1 безумный, яростный 2 стремиться
Written Mongolian: gani 1, gani- 2(L 349) Middle Mongolian: qani (HY 38), qāni 'stupid' (MA), ɣani (LH) Khalkha: gań 1, gani- 2
Buriat: gani(g) 1
Kalmuck: gäńṛ- 'to become mad'
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *gun-
Meaning: to punish, avenge
Russian meaning: наказывать, мстить
Evenki: gunča-
Comments: ТМС 1, 172. Attested only in Evk., but having probable Turkic and Mongolian parallels. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 406
Proto: *kunta
English meaning: to catch; find (booty)
German meaning: fangen; (eine Beute) finden
Finnish: kunne (gen. kunteen) 'Spur eines Druckes; Beule, Vertiefung', kunti- 'fassen, genau pflücken'
Saam (Lapp): gǫd'de- (N) 'kill, murder, slaughter; fish (for)', kåddē- (L), kointe- (Kld. A), koitte- (Not.)
Mordovian: kunda- (E M) 'anfassen, ergreifen; fangen'
Mansi (Vogul): kant- (TJ), χont- (KU), kont- (P), χōnt- (So.) 'finden'
Nenets (Yurak): χāńje- (OO) 'Wild jagen' ?
Enets (Yen): kad́ā- (CH B) 'fangen, jagen'
Sammalahti's version: Zu folg.
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *gun-
Russian meaning: сжинать
English meaning: to mow
Megrel: gun-
Notes and references: Сопоставляется с ПИЕ *gʷhen- в МССHЯ 352.
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *una-
Meaning: to handle, to obtain, to kill
Russian meaning: держать в руках, добывать, убить
Comments: Cf. the derivatives *unar-mi-, *una-liʁ 'person from another tribe (captive)', Proto-Inupik *unataʁ- 'to beat, to kill, to struggle'. Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 371
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *una- (-nt, -kǝ-, -ŋǝ-)
Meaning: to handle 1, to rob, to devastate 2, to obtain, to catch 3
Russian Meaning: взять руками 1, отбирать, разорять 2, добывать 3
Sirenik: unájǝχtǝ́qǝχtǝ̄́ʁá 2, unǝ́ŋiχta 'catcher, hunter', unǝ́kǝmǝ̄raχ past. 'to kill'
Chaplino: unákaqā (unákǝ-ɫǝq dvn.), unáŋaqā 3, unáŋkaq (t) 'catch, game'
Naukan: cf. uníŋalīsaq 'wild, rabid'
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: una- 1, unakǝ- 'to be able to lift or handle', unaŋǝ- 3
Central Alaskan Yupik: una- 'to work on by hand tool', unan 'hand, seal flipper', unaŋiɣ- 'to be dexterous (esp. at picking berries)', unakǝ- 'to get', unaŋǝ- 3
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 371
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