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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *kodV ?
Meaning: dirt
Dravidian: SDr *kot- 'rottenness, dust, dirt' (1816); PKuiKuwi *goṭ- 'dirt'
References: МССНЯ 356; ND 854 *koʡd[E] ~ *kodʡ[E] 'filth, dirt, abominable' (IE-Drav + Arab.); 960 *koytV 'filthy liquid, filth' (??IE *gʷeid(h)- : KuiKuwi : Alt. + Sem.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *gʷēdh-
Meaning: a k. of muck
Russ. meaning: гадость
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: гад
Near etymology: I., род. п. га́да, укр. гад, блр. гад, др.-русск. гадъ, ст.-слав. гадъ ἑρπετόν (Супр.), болг. гад, сербохорв. га̏д, словен. gàd, род. п. gáda, чеш., слвц. had, польск. gad, в.-луж. had, н.-луж. gad.
Further etymology: Праслав. *gadъ "отвратительное животное" исконнородственно лит. gė́da "стыд, срам", др.-прусск. gīdan вин. ед. "стыд", ср.-в.-н. quât "злой", нидерл. kwaad "злой", нов.-в.-н. Kot "грязь, нечистоты"; см. Бернекер 1, 289 и сл.; Зубатый, AfslPh 16, 422; Бругман, IF 5, 375 и сл.; Траутман, BSW 81; Смешек, Mat. i Pr. 4, 406; Цупица, GG 86. Слав. gadъ связано чередованием гласных с польск. żadzić się "испытывать отвращение", żadny "гадкий, отвратительный"; см. Мейе, MSL 14, 387; Остен-Сакен, KZ 44, 153 и сл.; Брюкнер, KZ 45, 324. Менее вероятно толкование Брюкнера (KZ 48, 220) слав. gadъ "змея" < "прорицатель"; ср. гада́ть. Ср. также Хаверс, 46.
Pages: 1,381
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *gē̂d-ā̂ (1) f.
Meaning: shame
Lithuanian: gḗda `Scham(gefühl)', gḗdinti 'beschämen'
Old Prussian: gīdan acc. `Schande' K III 39:4; nigīdings `schamlos'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *kwēd=
Meaning: bad, mean
Old English: { cwēad }
Middle English: cwēd `slecht'
Old Frisian: quād `slecht, boos', quād `drek, mest'
Middle Dutch: qwaet `schlecht, boos, verkeerd', quaet n. `vuilnis, drek'
Dutch: kwaad, dial. kōt
Middle Low German: quāt `slecht, zondig, gemeen, toornig', quāt, quōt, kōt, kāt `drek, mest'
Old High German: quāt (10/11.Jh.)
Middle High German: quāt, kāt, quōt, kōt st. n. 'kot'; quāt adj. (ndrh.) 'böse, schlimm'
German: [ Kot m. < MdG ]; tirol. kōt `ekelhaftes Tier', pl. köter `allerhand Ungeziefer'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-oengl,germet-mengl,germet-ofris,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 735
Root: gʷōu-, gʷū-
English meaning: dung, dirt
German meaning: `Mist, Exkremente, Kot, Ekelhaftes'
General comments: im Germ. und bes. im Balt.-Slav. mit Bedeutungs-Entw. von `Abscheu, Ekel' zu `kleine, ekelhafte Tiere, Kriechtiere' und von `verunreinigen, verunstalten' zu `schmähen, beschimpfen, tadeln'.
Material: Ai. gū-tha-ḥ, -m `Exkremente', av. gū-ɵa- n. `Schmutz, Kot' (nur bei Gramm. auch guváti `cacat', gūnam `cacatum'); arm. ku und koy `Mist' (*gʷō̆u-so; ? s. unten);
lat. būbināre `mit dem Monatlichen besudeln' könnte aus älterem *bovinō (mit osk.-umbr. b für gʷ) umgestaltet sein, wie bovīle zu bubīle;
maked. γοτάν (leg. γου̃ταν) ὗν Hes. (?);
slav. *govъno `Kot' in russ.-ksl. govno usw., im Ablaut slav. *gavjǫ, *gaviti in russ.-ksl. ogaviti `vexare', serb. gaviti se `sich ekeln' (und ablautend gȕvî mi se `mich ekelt, ich muß brechen', gȕviti se), čech. o-haviti `verunstalten', ohavný `abscheulich', russ. dial. gávedь f., `Greuel', klr. hávedńa `Gesindel', čech. havěd' `Geflügel, Gesindel', poln. gawiedź `kleine Kinder und Haustiere; Geflügel, Läuse; Gesindel, Pöbel'.
dh-Erweiterung gʷē[u]dh-, gʷō[u]dh-, gʷūdh-.
Lit. gė́da f. `Schande, Unehre', gė́dingas `schandbar', gė́dinti `beschämen, beschimpfen', apr. gīdan Akk. `Schande';
aksl. gadъ m. `Kriechtier (*ekelhaftes Tier); schädliches Tier' (*gʷōdh-), ksl. gaždu, gaditi `verabscheuen, tadeln', russ. gáditь `beschmutzen, besudeln, verderben', serb. gȁd `Ekel; Schlange, Gewürm', čech. haditi `schmähen, tadeln' (usw., s. Berneker 289);
poln. żadać się `abominari', żadny, żadliwy `häßlich, garstig' (*gʷēdh-); russ. dial. gídkij `ekelhaft', klr. hyd `Abscheuliches, Ekel'; mit Formans -d(h)a in čech. o-hyzda (*gyz-dā) `Ekel, Abscheu', hyzditi `tadeln, schmähen, verwerfen, poln. mdartl. gizd `Ekel, Schmutz, unreiner Mensch' (mit anderer Bedeutungswendung serb. gízda `Stolz, Eleganz, Schmuck, Anmut' u. dgl., s. Berneker 374);
mnd. quād `stercus', ahd. quāt, mhd. quāt, kōt, kāt, nhd. Kot, tirol. kōt `ekelhaftes Tier', Pl. köter `allerhand Ungeziefer', mnd. quād, mndl. qwaet, holl. kwaad `böse, häßlich, verderbt', md. quād `böse, ekel, schwach';
mit idg. -ǝu-:
cymr. budr `schmutzig', budro `beschmutzen', mir. buadraim `trübe, verwirre' (vgl. Pedersen KG. I 112);
ags. cwēad `Kot', afries. quād `schlecht';
mit u aus *-ǝu- slovak. ohuda `Scheusal', klr. ohúda `Tadel', aruss. guditi `calumniari, blasphemare, accusare' u. dgl.;
mit -ǝ- als Tiefstufe von -ō[u] oder germ. Ablautneubildung ndd. quadder `schmutzige Feuchtigkeit, Schleim' = mnd. koder `Schleim', nhd. dial. koder, Köder `zäher Schleim, Schnupfen', auch ndd. quassen (*kwadsōn) `(in Feuchtem) quatschen', quasken, quatsken, nhd. quatschen, engl. quask, squash und vielleicht der Volksname Quadi;
alb. zī (*gu̯edhíi̯o-), fem. zeze (*gu̯edhi̯ā) `schwarz, unglücklich, schlimm', zī f. `Trauer, Hungersnot'.
References: WP. I 694 ff., WH. I 118f., Trautmann 81.
Pages: 483-485
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *kut`i ( ~ -t-)
Meaning: bog, marsh
Russian meaning: болото
Comments: The root is not very widely spread, but seems both phonetically and semantically plausible.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Küte(re)
Meaning: bog, marsh
Russian meaning: болото
Tatar: küter, kötɛ (dial.)
Khakassian: ködre
Oyrat: küdre
Bashkir: küter (dial.)
Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 154-155. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-tat,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kuta
Meaning: bog, marsh
Russian meaning: болото
Evenki: kuta
Even: kuta
Negidal: kota
Jurchen: xoto-o-n 'pond' (34)
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-chu,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kutai
Meaning: bog, marsh
Russian meaning: болото
Middle Japanese: kute
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-mjp,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVTV
Meaning : dirt
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *qwétV ( ~ -ä-)
Meaning: dirt
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *q_witV ( ~ -ä-)
Meaning: dust, dirt
Notes: A Lak-Darg. isogloss.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: χ:it
Meaning: dust
Lak form: χ:it
Comments: Gen. χ:it:u-l. Cf. Khosr. χ:it, χ:it:u-l id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *q:(ʷ)it
Meaning: sediment, slush
Akusha: q:it
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ɣʷăt
Meaning: dirt
Lushai: vut ashes, dirt.
Comments: Cf. Taraon, Idu gu 'ashes', Manipuri ut, Haka vut-cam, Hmar pil-vut id.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 穢
Modern (Beijing) reading: huì
Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔʷats
Classic Old Chinese: ʔwać
Western Han Chinese: ʔwaś
Eastern Han Chinese: ʔwaś
Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔwaś
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔwǝ̀j
Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔwǝ̀j
Middle Chinese: ʔwǝ̀j
English meaning : dirt
Russian meaning[s]: 1) сорняки; зарасти сорняком; пустырь; 2) грязь; грязный; мерзость; позорить
Comments: Modern hùi is irregular (a regular variant wèi also exists), as well as the SJ variant ai.
Radical: 115
Four-angle index: 6855
Karlgren code: 0346 i
Go-on: we
Kan-on: wai
Japanese reading: e;wai;ai;kegare;kegarawashii
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-go,bigchina-kanon,bigchina-jap,
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