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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *cwVtu
Meaning: sweet, tasty
References: ND 2791 *ʒ̂uwahdV 'sweet, pleasant' (IE, Alt). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *swād- (Gr hw-)
Meaning: sweet; to persuade
Tokharian: A swār, B swāre (PT *swāre) 'sweet' (Adams 725)
Old Indian: svādú-, f. svādvī́ `sweet, pleasant, agreeable'; svádate, svádati `to taste well; to enjoy, like'; svādati, -te `to taste, relish, enjoy'; svāttá- `seasoned, spiced'; svāda- m. `taste, flavour, savour'
Avestan: xʷāsta- `durch Kochen gar gemacht, gekocht'; xʷanda-kara- `gefällig', Pashto xwand `Wohlgeschmack, Vergnügen'
Old Greek: hǟdǘ-, el. wadü-s `süss, wohlschmeckend, angenehm, erfreulich'; hǟ́domai̯, aor. hǟsthē̂nai̯, ft. aor. hǟsthḗsomai̯, aor. med. hǟ́sato `sich freuen, sich ergötzen', hǟ̂dos n. `Freude, Vergnügen'; {hom. aǟdḗsei̯e, ādēkótes `bin verdrossen'- nowhere found!}, handánō, aor. hadẹ̄̂n, ep., aeol. éu̯adon, pf. éǟda `gefallen'; pf. lokr. ta wewadekōta 'quae placuerunt'; au̯thā́dēs `selbstfällig, anmassend'
Latin: suāvis, -e `süss, angenehm, lieblich, reizend'; suādeō, suāsī, -sum, suādēre `raten, geben Rat'
Celtic: Gaul Suadu-rix, -genus
Russ. meaning: сладкий; услаждать, уговаривать
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *sū̂d-ī̂- vb.
Meaning: salt
Lithuanian: sū́dīti `würzen, salzen'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *swōtu-, *swōtia-, *sutja-
Meaning: sweet
Gothic: suti-s (i/ja) `gentle, yielding'
Old Norse: sȫt-r `süss'
Norwegian: söt
Swedish: söt
Danish: söd
Old English: swēte `sweet'
English: sweet
Old Frisian: swēte
Old Saxon: swōti
Middle Dutch: soete `zoet, zacht, vriendelijk, aangenaam, lief'
Dutch: zoet
Old Franconian: suoti
Middle Low German: sȫte
Old High German: suoʒi (8.Jh.) `süss, mild, angenehm, lieblich, freundlich'
Middle High German: süeʒe, suoʒe, md. sūʒe, sōʒe 'süss; milde, angenehm, leiblich; freundlich, gütig'
German: süss
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1916
Root: su̯ād-
English meaning: sweet
German meaning: `süß; an etwas Geschmack, Freude finden'
Material: 1. su̯ādú-s `süß': ai. svādú-, f. svādvī́ `süß, lieblich'; gr. ἡδύς, f. -ει̃α (*-εια), -ύ, dor. ἁδύς `süß'; mit Formans -mo-: ἅ̄δυμος, hom. ἥδυμος `angenehm'; lat. suāvis (*su̯ādu̯is) `süß'; as. swōti, ahd. suozi, ags. swēte, aisl. sø̄tr `süß'; gall. PN Suadurīx, -genus, ir. Sadb f. PN; über got. sutis `ruhig, sanft', s. Mayrhofer KZ 71, 74 f. u. 73, 116 f. Kompar. Superl. ai. svádīyas-, gr. ἡδίων; ai. svā́diṣṭha- = gr. ἥδιστος;
2. su̯ā́dos- n. Süßigkeit, Wohlgefallen': ved. prá-svādas- `lieblich, angenehm', μελιηδής `honigsüß', ἧδος n. `Essig' (gr. ἦδος n. `Vorteil', bleibt fern).
3. su̯ādonom, -ā: ai. svā́danam, gr. ἡδονή f. `Lust'.
4. Verba und andere Nominalbildungen:
ai. ved. svādatē `ist erfreut, genießt' = gr. ἥδομαι (böot. ἅ̄δομη) `freue mich';
av. x ̌āstō `durch Kochen gar (schmackhaft) gemacht, gekocht' = ai. svāttá- `gewürzt'; ai. svā́da- m. `Geschmack, Wohlgeschmack', bal. vād `Salz' (Mittelbegriff `Würze');
Kausat. bzw. Intensivum svādáyati (= lat. suādeō, s. u.) und svadáyati `schmackhaft, annehmbar machen; kosten, genießen', tiefstufig sūdayati `gehörig einrichten, gut machen, fertigmachen = töten, vernichten' (mit derselben Ablautstufe Perf. suṣūdimá; sūdā- m. `Koch', lit. súdyti, got. sūtis);
mit analog. ă: svádati `macht schmackhaft, würzt', svádate `schmeckt', Partiz. svattá-; nasaliert av. x ̌andra-kara- `angenehmes tuend = gefällig', afgh. x ̌and `Wohlgeschmack, Vergnügen' (vgl. gr. ἁνδά̄νω);
Gr. ἥδομαι (s. oben); ἄσμενος `erfreut', nicht sicher hierher als Partiz. zum s-Aorist ἥσατο (der Lenis unerklärt); *αᾱδεω, *αηδεω (hom. ἀηδήσειε, ἀδηκότες) `bin verdrossen', lokr. εαδηκότα (ᾱ oder ᾰ?); ἁνδάνω `gefalle', Aor. hom. εὔαδε, gortyn. ἔαδε, Perf. ἕᾱδα (: ai. sasvadē), ἀφανδάνω `mißfalle' (ἀφαδία `Feindschaft'), ion. ἅδος m. `Beschluß', ἅδημα Hes. ds., αὐθά̄δης, ion. αὐτώδης `anmaßend, selbstgefällig' (*αὐτοάδης), ἀαδής `verdrossen', wovon ἀαδει̃ν ὀχλει̃ν, ἀπορει̃ν Photios; dieser -es-St. ἅδος ist erst gr. Neuschöpfung von ἁνδάνω aus;
lat. suādeō, -ēre `rate' (d. i. `mache einem etwas gefallen');
lit. sū́dyti `würzen, salzen';
vielleicht hierher ags. swatan Pl. `Bier', schott. swats `frisch gebrautes Bier'.
References: WP. II 516 f., WH. II 611 f., Frisk 104, 166, 184 f.
Pages: 1039-1040
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *či̯ā́tu ( ~ *t-)
Meaning: sweet, taste
Russian meaning: сладкий, вкус
Comments: See АПиПЯЯ 13, 14. A Western isogloss. The Turkic forms (where both the meanings 'to taste' and 'to get accustomed (*to taste)' are represented), provide a good link between TM *ǯutī- 'sweet' and Mong. *dadu- 'to get accustomed'. See also notes to *dasa. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *dāt-
Meaning: 1 to taste 2 taste 3 sweet, tasty 4 to get accustomed
Russian meaning: 1 иметь вкус (1а пробовать на вкус) 2 вкус 3 сладкий, вкусный 4 привыкать
Old Turkic: tat- 1, 1a (OUygh.), tatɨɣ 2 (OUygh.), tatɨɣ-lɨɣ 3 (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: tat-lɨɣ 3 (MK), tatɨ- 1 (MK, KB), tatɨɣ 2 (MK, KB), tatɨɣ-lɨɣ 3 (MK) Turkish: tat- (tatar) 1a, tat (-d-), tadɨm, tatɨk 2, tatlɨ 3, dad-a- 'to bait, lure', dad-a-n- 4
Tatar: tat- 1, 1a, tat 2, tatlɨ 3
Uzbek: tɔt- 1a, tati- 1, 1a tɔt 2, tɔtli 3
Uighur: teti- 1, 1a, tatq 2, tatliq 3
Sary-Yughur: tatɨ- 1 a, tatɨɣ 3
Azerbaidzhan: dad- 1a, dad 2, dadlɨ 3, dadan- 4
Turkmen: dāt/d- 1a, dāt 2, dāt-lɨ 3
Khakassian: tadɨ- 1, tadɨɣ 2, tadɨlɨɣ 3
Shor: tatqɨ 2
Oyrat: tatu 2, 3
Halaj: tāt- 1
Chuvash: tuda-l- 1, tuda-n- 1a, todъ 2, tut-lъ 3
Kirghiz: tat- 1 a, tatɨ- 1, tatɨq 2, tattuw 3, tatq-a-n- 4
Kazakh: tat- 1, 1 a, tätti 3
Noghai: tat- 1, 1 a, tatɨq 2
Bashkir: tatɨ- 1a, tat 2, tatlɨ 3
Balkar: tat- 1 a, tatɨw 2, tatlɨ 3
Gagauz: dat- 1a, dat 2, datlɨ 3, dad-a-n- 4
Karaim: tat- 1a, tatɨ- 1, 1a, tat (K), tatuv (T,H,K) 2, tatlɨ (T,H,K) 3, tatan- (K) 4
Karakalpak: tat- 1 a, tatɨ- 1, 1a, tatlɨ 3
Kumyk: tatɨ- 1, tatɨw 2, tatli 3
Comments: VEWT 466, EDT 449-450, 452, 454, ЭСТЯ 3, 162-164, Федотов 2, 256-257. Oghuz (Osman) devoicing is secondary. Turk. > Mong. *tati- > tači(ja)- 'become accustomed' (KW 385) > TM tati- id. (ТМС 2, 170.) turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *dadu-
Meaning: to get accustomed
Russian meaning: привыкать
Written Mongolian: dadu-, (L 215) dad- Middle Mongolian: dadu- (SH) Khalkha: dad-
Buriat: dada-
Kalmuck: dad-
Dagur: dadlag 'experience'
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-dag,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ǯutī
Meaning: sweet
Russian meaning: сладкий
Evenki: ǯutī
Even: ǯut
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-reference,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *c̣atx-
Russian meaning: гной
English meaning: pus
Georgian: c̣atx- (Old Georg. c̣utx- < Megr.?)
Megrel: c̣utx-e
Megrel meaning (Rus.): соленый, горький
Megrel meaning (Eng.): salty, bitter
Svan: c̣ätx
Svan meaning (Rus.): кислый, горький
Svan meaning (Eng.): sour, bitter
Laz: m-c̣utx-e
Laz meaning (Rus.): соленый, горький (c̣atx- 'солить' < груз.)
Laz meaning (Eng.): salty, bitter (c̣atx- 'to make salty' < Georg.)
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 246, EWK 495. Ср. алт. *čȫta 'сладкий'.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-mgmean,kartet-emgmean,kartet-sva,kartet-svmean,kartet-esvmean,kartet-laz,kartet-lzmean,kartet-elzmean,kartet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVTV
Meaning : sweet
Afroasiatic : *ĉuhVd- 'sweet, honey' (Sem., Eg., Berb.,Cush., Omot.)
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-austr,globet-reference,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *CVt
Meaning: bitter, sweet
Proto-Austroasiatic: *cat Austroasiatic meaning: bitter
Proto-Thai: ʔʒat too sweet, too sour, too salty CK
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-tai,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *cat
Meaning: bitter
Thai: ʔʒat too sweet, too sour, too salty CK
Proto-Bahnaric: CHR sa:t < VN?
Proto-Monic: M phʒuit IV?
Proto-Khmu: *cat
Khasi: sat hot, acid, pungent
References: Kh 733
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-bah,aaet-kmr,aaet-mon,aaet-kmu,aaet-khasi,aaet-bib,
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Khmer etymology :
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Khmer: cɔt
Old Khmer: ʔǝcat
Old Khmer Meaning: pungent
References: P8, JP53
kmret-prnum,kmret-okh,kmret-okmean,kmret-ref,
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Viet-Muong etymology :
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Proto-Viet-Muong:
Meaning: hot, acid
Vietnamese: chát
Vietnamese meaning: hot, acid
Muong dialect: cat.3
vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,vimet-viet,vimet-vietme,vimet-anng,
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