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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ɣVwar-
Meaning: beat hard, kill, plunder, raid
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-scu,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1629
Proto-Semitic: *ɣVwVr- 1, *ɣar- 2
Meaning: 'raid, attack' (v.) 1, 'army' 2
Arabic: ɣwr 1, ɣar- 2
Harsusi: šewɣor 1
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,semet-hss,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: ʕwꜣy
Meaning: 'plunder' OK
Notes: *-r- > Eg -ꜣ-
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,egyet-notes,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *h(V)war-
Meaning: `discipline (a person). break in (a horse)';
Hausa: hòòráá
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-hsa,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *hVr-
Meaning: 'cut the throat, kill'
Mafa=Matakam: -hǝr- [BMof]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-mtk,
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South Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-South Cushitic: *ḫwar-
Meaning: 'beat hard' 1, 'punish' 2
Iraqw (Mbulu): ḫwar- 1
Asa-Aramanic: har- 2
scuet-prnum,scuet-meaning,scuet-irq,scuet-asa,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVRV
Meaning : to break, cut, wound
Notes : Cf. *HVrV (with possible confusion).
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-notes,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ʔVrHwV
Meaning: to break, scatter, tear
References: ND 1976 *rAwG[U] 'destroy, tear' (IE + Kartv. + dub. Alt. + Arab.); for Drav. see 2533 *waŕĉV and for Ur. - 2532 *`wuŕ[ü]. A lot of confusion. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *rAwǝ-
Meaning: to tear apart, to break in pieces
Tokharian: A, B ruwā- 'pull out (from under a surface)' (Adams 537)
Old Indian: ravate, aor. rāviṣam, intens. roruvat, ptc. rutá- `to break or dash to pieces'
Latin: ē-ruo, -rutus `to tear out', dī-ruo, -rutus `to destroy'
Celtic: *raumā > MIr ruam `Spaten, Grabscheit', ruamor `effosio'
Russ. meaning: разрывать, разбивать
References: WP II 351 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: рвать,
Near etymology: рву, народн. ирва́ть ирву́, севск., укр. (i)рва́ти, (i)рву, блр. iрва́ць, др.-русск. ръвати, ръву, сербск.-цслав. ръвати, ръвѫ, болг. ръ́вам, сербохорв. р̀вати, р̀ве̑м се "бороться", р̀вати "напрягаться", словен. rváti, rújem "вырывать, дергать", чеш. rváti "рвать", слвц. rvаt᾽, польск. rwać, rwę, в.-луж. rwać, н.-луж. rwaś.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. ravė́ti, raviù "полоть", лтш. ravêt, др.-инд. rávati "разбивает, дробит", прич. rutás, лат. ruō, -еrе "разрывать, раскапывать", rutrum "лопата", греч. ἐρυσίχθων "разгребающий землю", ирл. ruam "заступ" (*roumā) (Траутман, ВSW 247 и сл.; Germ. Lautg. 46; М.--Э. 3, 491; Перссон 287 и сл.; В. Шульце, Qu. ер. 318; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 245; Вальде--Гофм. 2, 453 и сл.). Ср. руно́, рыть, ров.
Pages: 3,452
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *raû- (-ja-) vb. tr. (2), *raw-ē̂- vb., *rāw-ā̂ f., *raû-tl-ia- c. (2)
Meaning: pull, tear out
Lithuanian: ráuti (ráuja/ráuna, rṓvē) `raufen, mit der Wurzel ausreissen, rupfen, abreissen, aushacken, hinwegraffen', ravà 'Ausreissen, Raufen, Zeit des Flachsraufens', ravḗti `jäten, raufen, zupfen', rōvà 'Ausraufen, Rauferei'
Lettish: raût (raûju/dial. raûnu, râvu) `reissen, raufen, ziehen, raffen, stehlen', ravêt (-ẽju) 'jäten', raûklis, rauknis 'Raufeisen, beim Röden zum Wegschaffen des kleinen Gesträuchs gebraucht; Flachsriffel'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ŏrV
Meaning: to mow, hay
Russian meaning: косить, сено
Comments: A Turk.-Tung. isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *or-
Meaning: to mow
Russian meaning: косить
Turkish: ora-
Turkmen: or-
Chuvash: vɨr-
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-trm,turcet-chv,turcet-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *orā-kta
Meaning: grass (dry), hay
Russian meaning: сухая трава, сено
Evenki: orokto, orōkto
Even: orāt
Negidal: ojokto
Spoken Manchu: orǝhǝ 'grass' (2130)
Literary Manchu: orχo
Jurchen: or-ɣo (116)
Ulcha: orχoqta
Orok: oroqto
Nanai: oroqta
Oroch: ōkto
Udighe: ōkto
Solon: orōkto
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1262
Proto: *jire (*jüre)
English meaning: to gnaw
German meaning: nagen
Finnish: jyrsi- 'nagen an etw., etw. benagen, annagen' ( > Saam. N jur'sâ- ~ jur'se- -rs- 'gnaw (at)') ?
Estonian: jüra-, jürä- 'nagen'
Udmurt (Votyak): ji̮rji̮- (S), K d'ǝ̑rjǝ̑- 'nagen; (metaphorisch) jemanden fortwährend schimpfen, schelten, jemandem das Leben aufessen' ?
Komi (Zyrian): jir- (S P) 'nagen, beißen (Tiere Gras, Menschen z.B. an ihren Nägeln)', PO jør- 'nagen' (> Mansi T jär-, KU P jǟr-, So. jar- 'nagen') ?
K. Redei's notes: Finn. si (< *ti) und wotj. j sind Ableitungssuffixe. Das finn. und est. Wort sind möglicherweise auf onomat. Ebene Formvarianten von finn. järsi- bzw. est. järä- 'nagen' und gehören dann nicht zu den perm. Wörtern. Syrj. S P i (< urperm. *i̮) der ersten Silbe läßt sich durch den palatalisierenden Einfluß des anlautenden j erklären. Die Zusammenstellung ist wegen des onomat. Charakters der Wörter sehr unsicher. Mehrere Forscher (Lindström: Suomi 1852:29; VglWb. 377; Anderson, Wandl. 152; Liimola: Vir. 1953:126; SKES mit ? usw.) stellen finn. järsi- und est. järä- 'nagen' zu dieser Wortfamilie, was jedoch nicht akzeptabel ist. Die Zusammenstellung der perm. Wörter mit mord. E jarsa-, E M jarca- 'essen, speisen, fressen' (Lytkin, VokPerm. 179) ist falsch. Es kann nicht akzeptiert werden, daß das wog. Wort eine uralte Entsprechung der finn. (Ahlqvist: MSFOu. 2:8) bzw. der perm. Wörter (Liimola: Vir. 1952: 126) ist.
References: Lindström: Suomi 1852:29; VglWb. 377; Anderson, Wandl. 152; Liimola: Vir. 1953:126; SKES; Lytkin, VokPerm. 179; Redei, SLW 100; ESK.
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-redei,uralet-lit,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *reɣw- / *rɣw-
Russian meaning: разрушать, рассыпать
English meaning: to destroy, to scatter
Georgian: rɣu-, rɣv-
Megrel: rɣv-, ɣv-
Svan: reɣw-, riɣw-, rɣw-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 158, EWK 283-284.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-notes,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *vaẓ-
Meaning : to scrape; to wipe
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *vaẓ-i-
Meaning : to scrape; to sweep
Tamil : vaẓi (-pp-, -tt-)
Tamil meaning : to wipe, scrape, gather together as a pulpy mass, rub in with the hand as an ointment, smear as sandal-paste, roll up as one's clothes, shave
Tamil derivates : vaẓiyal that which is gathered together by wiping, scraping, etc.
Malayalam : vaṭikka
Malayalam meaning : to wipe off, scrape, polish, shave
Kannada : baẓi, boẓi
Kannada meaning : to sweep together as dust, wipe off or aside with the hand, scrape together with the hand, put on or apply to as lime, mud, etc. to a wall, cowdung to a floor, ointment to the body, besmear
Kannada derivates : caus. baẓacu, baẓicu, baẓisu, boẓisu; baẓu putting on or applying to; baẓugāre mortar that is applied to a wall; boẓiyuvike smearing; (Hav.) baḷugu to clean floor with cowdung
Tulu : baḷi
Tulu meaning : (B-K) to smear as lime
Notes : Unclear -ṭ- in Malayalam.
Number in DED : 5295
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *vaḍ-ĭ-
Meaning : to scrape with finger
Toda : poḍy- (poḍc-)
Additional forms : Also Toda poṛt ud- to smear profusely (ud- to smear)
Number in DED : 5295
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *vṛ-acc-
Meaning : to efface (the writing in inscriptions), destroy (a grant)
Telugu (Krishnamurti) : vraccu
Inscriptional Telugu : vṛaccu
Additional forms : Also (K) baḍiyu to sweep away the influence of evil spirits on a person
Number in DED : 5295
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_kr,telet-tel_inscr,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=UrʁV
Meaning: to fight, wound
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *=V̄rʁV
Meaning: to fight
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=Vʁ- Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The verb is well preserved in Nakh, Av., Tsezian and Darg; however, the vocalism is impossible to reconstruct (probably due to distorted Ablaut). The Lezgian languages have preserved only the old derivate *ruʁV-nV (with metathesis *nuʁVrV) "wound" ( > PL "pus"), reflected also in Av. ruʁun "wound" (Chad. roʁón; Av. > And. ruʁun, Akhv. ruʁu) and PTs *muχru "birth-mark" (PGB *muʁru > Gunz. muʁru, Bezht. Tlad. muhro). Another old derivate from the same root is *rVrʁV "fight, war" reflected in Av. raʁ (gen. raʁú-l) and PD *derʁ (Ak. derʁ, Chir. derʁ, Ur. dirʁ, Kub. dīʁ etc.). A variant *d-VrʁVn is probably reflected in Akhv. dĩʁi 'wound'.
Abdokov (1983, 188) compares WC forms: Abkh. a-ʁá, Abaz. aʁa 'enemy' (PAT *aɣa), as well as Kab. (archaic) āʁ 'angry' which we were unable to locate in existing sources. The comparison is tempting, but for WC one must reconstruct *aGV, with *G not corresponding normally to EC *ʁ - unless the AT forms are actually borrowed from Adygh (in which case a reconstruction *aʁV is also possible). Additional information is required to clear up this situation.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ʔēʁ-
Meaning: 1 to fight, quarrel 2 to be upset
Chechen: ēʁ- 1
Ingush: eʁ- 1
Batsbi: eʁ- 2
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *=Vʁ-
Meaning: to fight
Avar: =aʁ-
Comments: The Av. verb is borrowed in Tind. raʁiji-ʎa, Cham. raʁī-la 'to fight' (directly from Av. ráʁ-ize with a class prefix r-).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *=eχ-
Meaning: to fight, quarrel
Tsezi: =iħ-ud-
Khvarshi: eh- (Radzhibov)
Inkhokvari: =eh-ej-
Bezhta: =eʁ- (Tlad.)
Gunzib: =eʁ-
Comments: PTsKh *=eχ̥1̇-; PGB *=eʁ-.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: aʁu
Meaning: anger
Lak form: aʁu
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *ʔurʁ-
Meaning: 1 to scold 2 to shoot
Akusha: urʁ-es 1
Chiragh: urʁ- 2
Comments: With a prefixed ča- cf. also Chir. čarʁʷ- 'to shoot'.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *nuʁVra-j
Meaning: pus
Lezghian: ʁura
Tabasaran: nuʁra
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. ʁura id. The Lezg. form goes back to *muʁVraj (or directly to *nuʁVraj) with a regular loss of initial *mo-.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *[ʔʷ]rǝ̆H
Meaning: wound, cut
Tibetan: dra (p. dras) to cut, clip, lop, pare (with knife or scissors).
Burmese: hraʔ (<*wraʔ ?) to wound by a slight cut, accidentally.
Lepcha: hra to cut
Comments: BG: Garo ra ~ rat, Dimasa ra cut, reap. Ben. 115.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 痏
Modern (Beijing) reading: wěi
Preclassic Old Chinese: w(h)rǝʔ
Classic Old Chinese: w(h)rǝ́
Western Han Chinese: w(h)rǝ́
Eastern Han Chinese: w(h)rǝ́
Early Postclassic Chinese: w(h)ɨ́
Middle Postclassic Chinese: w(h)íj
Late Postclassic Chinese: w(h)í
Middle Chinese: wí
English meaning : wound
Radical: 0
Four-angle index: 0
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *-jur-
Meaning: die
Yasin: -júr-
Hunza: -ír-
Nagar: -ír-
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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