Afroasiatic etymology : List with all references

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *k(w)lw 1, *k(ʷ)alaʔ- (Akk., Arab.) 2, *kal(w)- (Ch., Cu.) 3

Meaning: to cut, mow, gather (grass) 1, forage, fodder 2, pasture 3

Semitic: *kwVlāʔ- ? 'pasture; forage'

Berber: *klkl (redupl. stem of intensive action) 'to gather'

Western Chadic: *kal- 'field'

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *ku/il(kil)- 'pasture; lowland' (?)

Low East Cushitic: *kalw- 'pasture'

High East Cushitic: *kalw- 'pasture'

Notes: To separate as early as the Proto-Afrasian level, from a phonetically and semantically close root *kal(aʔ)- 'earth, land': Sem.: Arb. klʔ II 'atterrir, approcher de la terre (un navire)' (BK 2, 919-20), kallāʔ- 'rivage' (Ibid. 920); Brb.: Qbl. a-kal 'terre; sol; bien, propriété foncière (terrain cultivable)' (Dallet 1982, 401), Ntf. a-kal 'terre, sol, terrain', etc. (Laoust 1920, 359); Ch. W.: Tng. kálau 'soil, earth, ground'; E.: Tum. kǝ̀lǝ̀ 'earth' (Takács 1999, 68). Cf. Takács (Ibid.) comparing Eg. ꜣkr 'earth-god Aker'(see in No. 18) to Arb. kalaʔ- 'pasture', Brb. *a-kal 'earth', Mpn. čál 'field, grassy area', Pero kálà 'place for growing plants, farming land', Tng. kálau 'soil, earth, ground', Tum. kǝ̀lǝ̀ 'earth' and Or. kalō 'pasture land'. To separate as early as the Proto-Afrasian level, from a phonetically and semantically close root *kal(aʔ)- 'earth, land': Sem.: Arb. klʔ II 'atterrir, approcher de la terre (un navire)' (BK 2, 919-20), kallāʔ- 'rivage' (Ibid. 920); Brb.: Qbl. a-kal 'terre; sol; bien, propriété foncière (terrain cultivable)' (Dallet 1982, 401), Ntf. a-kal 'terre, sol, terrain', etc. (Laoust 1920, 359); Ch. W.: Tng. kálau 'soil, earth, ground'; E.: Tum. kǝ̀lǝ̀ 'earth' (Takács 1999, 68). Cf. Takács (Ibid.) comparing Eg. ꜣkr 'earth-god Aker'(see in No. 18) to Arb. kalaʔ- 'pasture', Brb. *a-kal 'earth', Mpn. čál 'field, grassy area', Pero kálà 'place for growing plants, farming land', Tng. kálau 'soil, earth, ground', Tum. kǝ̀lǝ̀ 'earth' and Or. kalō 'pasture land'.

Number: 1944

Proto-Semitic: *kwVlāʔ- ?

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: pasture; forage

Akkadian: ukullû 'Viehfutter; Verpflegung(sration), Verköstigung' OB on (AHw, 1406; <*k^wVllāʔ- ?)

Arabic: klʔ 'abonder en fourrage (se dit d'un pays)' (BK 2, 919), kalaʔ- 'fourrage (sec ou vert)' (Ibid. 920)

Geʕez (Ethiopian): kʷālawa 'to reap, mow' (LGz., 284), makala, makkola (acc. to Leslau, for makkʷala; secondary derivation with m- prefixed) 'to cut with a sickle, mow' (Ibid. 339)

Tigre: mäklay 'halm of durra, halm of corn' (LGz., 339)

Tigrai (Tigriñña): mäɔ̄älä 'to mow, cut' (LGz., 339)

Amharic: kǝlkǝl 'pasture' (Kane 1990; Reinisch 1884, 376; redupl.)

Proto-Berber: *klkl (redupl. stem of intensive action)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'to gather'

Ayr: kǝlǝnkilet 'ramasser, reunir completement' (Alojaly 1980, 92; with a secondary -n-)

Ahaggar (Tahaggart): kelukelu 'ramasser hâtivement c̣à et là (des brins de pailles, des brindilles de bois)' (Foucauld 1951-1952, 800)

Tawllemmet: kǝlǝnkilet 'ramasser, reunir completement' (Alojaly 1980, 92; with a secondary -n-)

Proto-WChadic: *kal-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'field'

Montol: Mupun čál 'field, grassy area' (Takács 1999, 68;*k- in the languages of the Sura group may yield č, see Stolbova 1996, 92)

Pero: kálà 'place for growing plants, ing land' (Frajzyngier 1985, 68), kálù 'to gather' (Ibid. 35)

Proto-Agaw: *ku/il(kil)- (?)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'pasture; lowland'

Khamir: kilkil 'Wiese, Trift' (Reinisch 1884, 376; likely a loan of Amh. kǝlkǝl)

Qwara: kōla 'das Tiefland, die Niederung' (Reinisch 1885 Die Quarasprache, 83; unless a semantic shift from*kal(aʔ)- 'earth, land')

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *kalw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'pasture'

Proto-High East Cushitic: *kalw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'pasture'

Sidamo: kalo 'pasture' (Huds., 111)

Burji (Bambala, Dashe): kalo 'pasture' (Huds., 111)

Kambatta: kalu 'pasture' (Huds., 111)

Afroasiatic etymology :

Semitic etymology :

Berber etymology :

West Chadic etymology :

Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :

Low East Cushitic etymology :

High East Cushitic etymology :