Afroasiatic etymology : List with all references

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *(ʔa-)bakw(-Vr)-

Meaning: (young) camel/horse

Semitic: *ba/ikur(-at)- 'young (she-)camel'

Egyptian: bkꜣ (NE) 'milking cow' (<*bVkVʔ or *bVkVr) (?)

Central Chadic: *bVkwVr- 'horse'

Beḍauye (Beja): *ʔabukVy- 'camel at training age'

South Cushitic: *kubar- 'dikdik antelope' (met.?)

Dahalo (Sanye): kórrob_e 'male lesser kudu' (met.?)

Notes: The Beja term may reflect the original Afras. root, later having taken the -r suffix (of hoofed animals?); another possibility not to be ruled out is the loss of Beja -r in Auslaut and reconstruction of Afras. *(ʔa-)bakur- Cf. HSED, 196, *bakVr- 'young animal': Sem. *bakr- 'young camel' and Berb *bVkVr- 'lamb'. Cf. *birk- 'cow, cattle; calf'. Cf. also Sem *bkr 'to be young, early' and *bakur- 'firstborn' and Eg bkꜣ (Pyr) 'der zweite Tag, das Morgen' (EG I 481), 'the morrow, morning' (Foul 61). The Eg form may be rel. to bkꜣ 'become pregnant' (MK).

Number: 2369

Proto-Semitic: *bVkVr(-at)-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: young (she-)camel

Akkadian: bakru (pakru) 'young of a camel or a donkey' SB [CAD b 35]. // Rarely attested. The meaning 'young of a camel' is evident in Rost Tigl. III p. 26:157 (anaḳāte adi ANS̆E ba-ak-ka-re-ši-na 'she-camels with their youngs'). In [AHw. 97] two different lexemes are postulated, b/pakru 'Kameljunges' (considered an Arabism) and bakkaru 'Esels-, Kamelfüllen' (also thought to be a WS loan). This approach does not seem convincing since the base bakkar- is attested only in the plural (pl. formations of this kind are well attested in Akk., cf. this and other examples in [Reiner 64]).

Hebrew: bēkär 'young male camel' [KB 131], bikrā 'young she-camel' [ibid.]. // Both terms are Hapax: Is 60.6 (bikrē midyān 'young camels of Midian') and Jr 2.23 (bikrā ḳallā mǝŝāräkät dǝrākǟhā 'a swift young she-camel twisting her paths).

Aramaic: D.-Alla bkr 'young camel' [HJ 164] (pl. bkrn) // Very uncertain, see discussion [ibid.].

Syrian Aramaic: bǝkūrē 'cameli juvenci' [Brock. 74], bakkūrē [PS 525].

Arabic: bakr- 'jeune chamelle (depuis l'âge de trois ans jusqu'à six, où elle devient baʕīr-) [BK 1 153], [Lane 240], [LA IV 79]), bukr- 'petit de chameau; jeune chameau' [ibid.] (v. [Hommel 160-1]). // Note also bikr- 'vache qui n'a pas encore connu le má̀le' [BK 1 153] (according to [LA IV 78], also ʔan-nāḳatu l-latī waladat baṭnan wāḥidan).

Epigraphic South Arabian: Sab. bkr(t) 'young camel' [SD 28]. // In votive inscriptions C 521/4 (wwfy bkryhw 'and the well-being of his both young camels', context damaged) and C 579/4,5 (hḳny ... bkrtn d_t d_hbn lw[fy] bkrthw 'he dedicated ... this bronze she-camel for the well-being of his she-camel' (v. in more detail [Sima 43]).

Tigre: bäkrät 'young she-camel' [LH 290]. // Also bǝkar 'young animal that has brought forth for the first time' [ibid.], bäkar 'chameaux stériles' [ibid.] (apud D'Abbadie). Possibility of borrowing from Arb. cannot be excluded.

Gurage: Cha. Eža End. Enm. Gyt. Gog. Muh. bäxǝr 'cow that calves for the first time' [LGur. 137] (according to Leslau, this meaning is derived from 'firstborn').

Mehri: bōkǝr 'young female 2 year old camel that has not yet given birth' [JM 46].

Jibbali: békǝr 'animal with one young only', bɔkrút 'young camel' [JJ 25].

Harsusi: bōker 'young she-camel which has not yet given birth' [JH 17].

Soqotri: mibkéroh 'jeune chamelle' [LS 86]. // Note also békǝr 'animal with one young only' [JJ 25] (not [LS]).

Notes: Most probably related to PS *bkr 'to be young, early' (cf. also *bakur- 'firstborn'), but undoubtedly reconstructible as a PS funal term. // Comparison with Amh. bohor 'reedbuck' [K 856] suggested in [DRS 64] is difficult semantically. Note also Cha. Eža. End. bäxar, Gyt. baxar 'fat cow or ox' [LGur. 137]. // [DRS 64]: Arb., Hbr., ESA, MSA, Amh. (bohor); [KB 131]: Hbr., Arb., Akk.; [LS 86]: Soq., MSA, Hbr., Arb., Akk.

Old Egyptian: bkꜣ

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: NE 'Mutterkuh'

Notes: EG I 481; prob. < bkꜣ 'schwanger sein/werden' seit M.R.; bkꜣ 'be pregnant', bkꜣ.t 'pregnant woman' Foul 85

Proto-CChadic: *bVkwVr-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'horse'

Buduma=Yedina: búk(w)òr 'horse' Jung. CLR, 195

Bedauye: (Hadendoa) abúki

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'camel at training age'

Notes: Bla. Beja Fauna, 1 apud BG

Proto-South Cushitic: *kubar-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'dikdik antelope'

Asa-Aramanic: kubarari 'dikdik', kubararok 'male d.'

Notes: HRSC 246

Dahalo: kórrob_e

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'male lesser kudu'

Notes: HRSC 246

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