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Bedauye (Beja) etymology :
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Bedauye: beʔrā́y
Meaning: 'Stier, Rind'
Notes: <Eth?
bedet-prnum,bedet-meaning,bedet-notes,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *(ʔa-)bVr(Vy/w)-
Meaning: bull
Notes: Related to *baʔraw/y- 'k. of antelope'? Cf. LGur. 151; HSED 183, 340, EDE II, 54-55; cf. Brb. Zng. ta-barār-t 'chamelle'. Cf. Sem. *bVʕVr- 'large cattle; camel' (<*bVʕ-Vr-?) - cf. Dah. ḅe:ʕa, pl. ḅe:ajú 'buffalo' EEN 33. Cf. Dolg ND 225a.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-ech,afaset-bed,afaset-agw,afaset-sho,afaset-hec,afaset-omo,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1968
Proto-Semitic: *(ʔi-)bar- 'ox, bull, calf'
Meaning: 'ox, bull, calf'
Akkadian: būru (pūru) 'young calf (without regard to sex; male calf just before full maturity'; foal, kid (the young of quadrupeds)' OB on [CAD b 340], [AHw 141], burtu (purtu) 'cow, heifer calf' OB on [CAD b 334], [AHw 141]
Ugaritic: cf. ibr 'caballo' + 'toro' /ʔa/ib(b)īru/ DLU, 5 ("de animal corpulento macho" does not follow from the contexts quoted) @
Hebrew: ʔabbīr 'bull' = 'strong, powerful' and 'stallion' HAL, 6. The only passage (the other , Jr. 46:15 is obscure) is Is 34:7 where nothing points to any strength@
Modern Arabic: Yem. bārah 'cow' [Piamenta 44]
Tigre: bara 'ox' [LH 274]
Amharic: bare 'ox, bull' [K 874] (or <*bʕr)
Harari: bāra 'ox, bull' [LH 44] (также baʔara [ibid. 39]) (or <*bʕr)
East Ethiopic: Wol. barä, Zwy. būrä 'ox (for farming)' [LGur. 150]
Gurage: Cha. Eža Muh. Msq. Gog. Sod. bora, Gye. bawra, End. bawrä, Enn. bawǝra 'ox (for farming)' [LGur. 150], Muh. bäre 'calves' [ibid. 149] (or <*bʕr)
Mehri: hǝ-bɛ̄r 'camels' [JM 41] (semantically doubtful)
Harsusi: ḥe-byār 'female camels' [JH 14] (semantically doubtful)
Notes: Cf. *bVʕVr-
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-akk,semet-uga,semet-hbr,semet-dial,semet-tgr,semet-amh,semet-hrr,semet-east,semet-gur,semet-mhr,semet-hss,semet-notes,
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Egyptian etymology :
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Old Egyptian: bꜣwy
Meaning: 'Kampfplatz der Stiere' 20 Din. E-G I, 415 (EDE II, 53)
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *bar-
Meaning: 'buffalo'
Gera: bara [ShV:113]
Notes: ???Cf. Zul bar-nami 'roan antelope' [Cs:N237] barnami 'buffalo' Tak. II, 54, apud Skn (nami'meat).
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-ger,wchet-notes,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *bari-
Meaning: 'bull'
Logone: Log.-Kuri beri 'Stier' Tak.II,54 apud Lukas
Buduma=Yedina: báriē 'Stier' ibid.
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-log,cchet-bud,
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East Chadic etymology :
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Proto-EChadic: *bur-
Meaning: 'bull'
Mokilko: búrú 'boeuf' Tak. II, 54 apud Jung.
echet-prnum,echet-meaning,echet-mkk,
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Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :
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Proto-Agaw: *bir-
Meaning: 'ox, bull'
Bilin: birā
Khamir: birā
Qemant: birā
Notes: EDE II, 54; <Eth?
agwet-prnum,agwet-meaning,agwet-bil,agwet-xmr,agwet-kem,agwet-notes,
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Saho-Afar etymology :
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Proto-Saho-Afar: *ʔabur-
Meaning: 'bull, ox'
Afar (Danakil): abur, pl. aburwa 'bull, ox' Tak. II, 54 apud PH 1985, 30 {no PH in Tak.!}
Notes: Cf. also bʕr (<Eth?), bʔr -see Tak. II, 55
shoet-prnum,shoet-meaning,shoet-afar,shoet-notes,
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High East Cushitic etymology :
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Proto-High East Cushitic: *bōr-a
Meaning: 'young bull'
Sidamo: boor-to
Hadiya (Gudella): baara
Kambatta: boora
Notes: Huds. 1989, 406; cf. LGur. 149, 151
hecet-prnum,hecet-meaning,hecet-sid,hecet-had,hecet-kmb,hecet-notes,
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Omotic etymology :
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Proto-Omotic: *bor- ~ bariy-
Meaning: 'bull' (all - Tak. II, 54)
Ometo: Wolaita bōr-ā 'bue' Crl = bōr-a 'ox' LS, Zala bōr-ā 'bue' Crl, Gofa bor-a 'ox' LS, Gamu bōr-a 'not castrated bull' Sottile 1999, 429, Dawro (Kullo) bor-a 'bue' CR-Crl., Dache bōr-a (fatigue) ox' LS, Zayse bōr-ā 'bue' Crl., Chara bōr-ā 'bue' Crl.
Kafa (Kaficho): bariy-ō 'vitello' Cerulli 1951, 415
Mocha: bariy-o 'steer' Lsl. 1959, 23
Bworo (Shinasha): (Gonga) ber-ō 'bue' Crl.
Sheko: bariy-o 'bull' LS
Notes: Tak. II, 54-55
omoet-prnum,omoet-meaning,omoet-ome,omoet-kaf,omoet-mch,omoet-bwo,omoet-shk,omoet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVRV
Meaning : horned animal
Sino-Caucasian : ST *bhVr (?) 'goat, sheep', NC *bħǝrc̣_wV (~-ʕ-) 'cattle'?
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *bVrV
Meaning: horned animal
Comments: Cf. *ṗVrV
References: ND 225a *b[A]ʡVrV 'bovine'. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *bhreidh-, *bhrendh-
Meaning: deer
Albanian: brëni Horn, Geweih
Russ. meaning: скот (олень)
Comments: Messap. <bréndon = élaphon> Hsch., <brénton = hē tē̃s eláphou kephalḗ> Seleukus bei Steph. Byz. 185, 16 ff
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *breîd-ia-s (2), *braid-[a]-s m.
Meaning: deer
Lithuanian: bríedi-s `Hirsch'
Lettish: briêdis `Elen (Cervus alces); Rothirsch (C. elaphus)'
Old Prussian: braydis `Elen' V.650
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *brind=, *brund=
Meaning: deer
Norwegian: bringe `männliches Elentier', dial. brund `Männchen vom Renntier'
Swedish: dial. brind, brinde `männliches Elentier'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-norw,germet-swed,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 297
Root: bhren-to-s
English meaning: herdsman
German meaning: `Geweihträger, Hirt'
Material: Messap. βρένδον (aus *βρέντον) `ἔλαφον' Hes., βρέντιον `Hirschkopf' Hes., brunda ds., Kurzform (neben Brenda) zum ON Brundisium, älter Βρεντέσιον `Brindisi', illyr. VN Βρέντιοι; ven. FlN Brinta `Brenta'; noch heute in ital. Berg- und Pflanzennamen (Bertoldi IF. 52, 206 f.); vgl. dazu alb. brî, brîni `Horn, Geweih' (*bhr̥-no-), Plur. geg. brîena; raetorom. brenta `Tragkorb'; nschwed. dial. brind(e), norw. (mit g aus d) bringe `männliches Elentier' (*bhrentós), ablaut. norw. brund `Männchen vom Renntier' (*bhrn̥tós);
lett. briêdis `Еlеn, Rothirsch', falls aus einer idg. Nebenform *bhrendis, muß die Quelle von lit. bríedis, apr. braydis m. `Elch' sein; ob germ. Lw.?
Vielleicht zu bhren- `hervorstehen, Kante'; anders Specht Dekl. 120.
References: WP. II 205, WH. I 116 f., 551, 852, A. Mayer KZ 66, 79 ff., Krahe Festgabe Bulle 191 f.
Pages: 168-169
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *bi̯ŏ́ŕu
Meaning: calf, lamb
Russian meaning: теленок, ягненок
Comments: KW 69, Владимирцов 361, Poppe 21, 81, Новикова 1972, 117. In Jpn. we have to assume a secondary vocalic development in a long word: *pútí-(u)si > *pítú(n)si (the word is most probably a compound with *úsí 'cow' in the second part, cf. the Korean match). altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *buŕa-gu
Meaning: calf
Russian meaning: теленок
Old Turkic: buzaɣu (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: buzaɣu (MK, IM) Turkish: buzaɣu; dial. buza- 'to bear a calf', Osm. buza-la- 'id.'
Tatar: bɨzaw
Uzbek: buzɔq
Uighur: mozaj
Azerbaidzhan: bɨzov
Turkmen: buzaw
Khakassian: pɨzo
Oyrat: bɨza
Chuvash: pъʷru
Tuva: bɨzā
Kirghiz: muzō
Kazakh: buzau
Noghai: buzaw
Bashkir: bɨδaw
Balkar: buzow
Gagauz: buzā
Karaim: bɨzuv, buzuv
Karakalpak: buzaw
Salar: puzo, pūzɨ (ССЯ 457) Kumyk: buzaw
Comments: EDT 391, VEWT 74-5, ЭСТЯ 2, 239-242, Лексика 438-439. Bulg. *burǝʷu > Hung. borjú, see MNyTESz 1, 345-346. The derivation from *boŕ 'grey' and assumption of borrowing Turk. *buŕagu > Mong. biraɣu (Щербак 1997, 108) is hardly plausible. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *biraɣu
Meaning: calf (1 year old)
Russian meaning: теленок (1 года)
Written Mongolian: biraɣu (L 106) Middle Mongolian: bura'u (SH), buru (MA) Khalkha: b́arū
Buriat: burū
Kalmuck: bürǖ
Ordos: birū 'calf (2 year old)'
Mogol: borɔ̄ɣol (ZM 20-8), KT borɔ̄wol (ZM 20-6) Comments: KW 69. Mong. > Evk. boro 'one-year-old calf' (ТМС 1, 96) ; Evk. *borow-čān (unattested diminutive) > Russ. Siber. borovčán, borovčák, borokčán 'one-year-old calf, foal', burún '2-year-old calf' (Аникин 117, 145; but has no relation to Russ. боров). monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *biaru
Meaning: sheep
Russian meaning: овца
Evenki: bē̂ru
Comments: ТМС 1, 78. Isolated in Evk., but despite Poppe 1972, 103, hardly < Mong. (because of semantic difference). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *puruk
Meaning: bull-calf
Russian meaning: бычок
Modern Korean: puruk-so (so 'cow'), purugi
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *pítú-nsí
Meaning: sheep
Russian meaning: овца
Old Japanese: pjituzi
Middle Japanese: fítúzí
Tokyo: hìtsuji
Kyoto: hítsújí
Kagoshima: hitsúji
Comments: JLTT 411. The word may indeed have *usi 'ox' (with secondary voicing) in the second part, but Martin's analysis of the first part as *pi 'beard' seems hardly credible (in Kor. jǝm-so the first part is also etymologically "goat", not "beard"). japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *paḍḍ-/*bar_-
Meaning : heifer
Notes : Probably two roots, but relation is still not excluded.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *paḍḍ-ai
Meaning : mature
Kannada : paḍḍe
Kannada meaning : maturity, fitness for breeding
Number in DED : 3881
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *paḍḍ-, *bar_-
Meaning : female buffalo or cow fit for breeding, (VPK) female buffalo calf
Telugu : paḍḍa
Additional forms : Also bar_r_e female buffalo
Number in DED : 3881
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *paḍ-, *bar_-
Meaning : female calf; buffalo
Kolami : paḍḍa-lēŋa "female calf (Br.)"
Kinwat Kolami : barre "buffalo"
Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : barre "buffalo"
Naikri : paḍḍa "heiffer"
Parji : peḍḍa "female calf"
Ollari Gadba : bere "female calf"
Poya Gadba : beḍe, beṛe "female calf"
Additional forms : Also Salur beḍḍe peyye calf
Notes : Actually two contaminated roots.
Number in DED : 3881
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-kol_kin,kogaet-kol_sr,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-poya,kogaet-addition,kogaet-notes,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *paḍ-
Meaning : heifer
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *paḍ-ā
Meaning : calf
Betul Gondi : paḍḍā "cow-calf"
Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : paḍḍā "female calf, heifer"
Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : paḍḍā "female calf, heifer"
Muria Gondi : paḍḍa, peḍḍa "female calf, heifer"
Maria Gondi : paḍa piya "female calf, heifer"
Koya Gondi : paḍa pila "calf of buffalo"
Yeotmal Gondi : paḍḍa "female calf, heifer"
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : paḍḍā "cow-calf"
Maria Gondi (Smith) : puda "heifer"
Chindwara Gondi : paḍḍa "female calf, heifer"
Adilabad Gondi : paḍḍa piya "female calf, heifer"
Durg Gondi : paḍa peyya "female calf, heifer"
Number in DED : 3881
Number in CVOTGD : 2091
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_w,gonet-gondi_ph,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_y,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-gondi_lu_s,gonet-gondi_ch,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-gondi_d,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : paḍa
Meaning: young cow, heifer
Number in DED : 3881
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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